jyoti pant ppt on acrylic

1. Presentation On
Acrylic
Submitted by
Jyoti pant
M.sc. 1st year
I. D. 45827

2. Vinyl fibres
 Vinyl fibre are generally made from
polymers or copolymers of substituted
vinyl monomer.
 The major important fibres in this
group is acrylic and mod-acrylic.
 However, because of their properties
and applications, they are considered
as separate class of fibres.
2

3. Important Vinyl Fibres
Chemical name Common generic name
Poly(acrylonitrile) Acrylic , Orlon
Copolymers of polyacrylonitrile Modacrylic
Poly Vinyl Alcohol Kuralon, Vinal
Poly Vinyl Chloride Vinyon , Rhovyl
Copolymers of polyvinylchloride Dynel, Cordelan
Poly Vinylidene Chloride Saran, Velon
Poly Tetra Fluro Ethylene Teflon
3

4. Introduction
 The term acrylic is derived from the Latin word
“Acryl” .
 It means bitter, irritating and is descriptive of the
compound, acrylic acid.
 Acrylonitrile is chemically related to acrylic acid
and the term acrylic is short for Polyacrylonitrile.
 The acrylic fibre is man-made.
 They are divided into two types:
 Polyacrylonitrile fibres generally referred to as
the acrylic fibres.
 Modified Polyacrylonitrile fibres generally
referred to as the mod-acrylic fibres.
4

5. Federal Trade Commission
Definition
 Mod-Acrylic : A manufactured fibre in which the
fibre forming substance is any long chain
synthetic polymer composed of less than 85 %
but at least 35% by weight of acrylonitrile unit.
 Acrylic : A manufactured fibre in which the fibre
forming substance is any long chain synthetic
polymer composed of at least 85 % by weight of
acrylonitrile unit.
5

6. History
 Acrylic was made in Germany by Moureu in 1893.
 Acrylonitrile undergo addition polymerisation readily, and
polyacrylonitrile had been examined as a potential fibre- forming
polymer during the late 1930’s.
 By 1945 , Du Pont were producing the world’s first polyacrylonitrile
fibre which was provisionally named FIBER A.
 During the period 1955-60, polyacrylonitrile fibre plants began to
spring up throughout the world. Germany, Japan, Belgium, Canada ,
France and Holland entered the polyacrylonitrile fibre production
field.
 On 3rd march 1960, polyacrylonitrile fibre were sub divided into two
classes : acrylic and modacrylic fibre. 6

7. Polyacrylonitrile Fibre(PAN)
 Important fibres because of their ware
feeling, bulky hand, good resiliency, high
resistance and favourable aesthetic
properties.
 Acrylonitrile is the raw material for PAN fibre.
nCH2=CH CH2-CH
CN CN n
Fig : PAN
7

8. Acrylic Polymer system
 The main component of the acrylic polymer is
the acrylonitrile monomer .
 It is a linear polymer, with a degree of
polymerisation of about 2000.
 This makes it about 500 nm long , with
thickness ranging from 0.3nm at the methylene
groups to about 0.53 nm at the nitrile groups.
 The acrylic polymer is one of the longest man
made fibre polymer extruded to from a textile
filament.
8

9. The Polymer system
 In acrylic polymer system has been
considered that the nitrogen atoms of
the nitrile side groups of the acrylic
polymers have a slightly negative
polarity .
 this would enable them to from
hydrogen bonds with hydrogen atoms
of the methylene groups on adjacent
polymer.
 This consist of 70-80 % crystalline
and 20 – 30 % amorphous.
9

10. 10

11. Fibre Preparation
a) Synthesis of the raw material i.e.
acrylonitrile.
b) Formation of polyacrylonitrile .
c) Fibre formation.
d) Stretching or orientation of the spun
fibre.
e) Washing
f) drying
11

12. (1) PREPARATION OF
ACRYLONITRILE
 Three routes to prepare acrylonitrile.
 They are:-
1) Acetylene route
2) Ethylene route
3) Propylene route
12

13.  Hydrogen cyanide is added to acetylene.
CH≡CH+HCN→CH2=CH-CN
1) Acetylene route
 Acetaldehyde+ HCN Lactonitrile
CH 3 CHO + HCN CH3 CHO HCN
 Lactonitrile Acrylonitrile
CH3 CHO+ HCN CH2 =CH-CN +H2O
2) Acetaldehyde route
13

14. 3)Propylene route
 This route involves oxidation of propylene in the
presence of ammonia.
CH2=CH-CH3+NH3+3O2 CH2=CH-CN+3H2O
14

15. (2) POLYMERISATION
PROCESS
 Poly(acrylonitrile) can be polymerised from its monomer i.e.,
acrylonitrile by addition polymerisation process. The
polymerisation is generally initiated by free radical initiators.
 The reactive radicals produced by decomposition of benzoyl
peroxide and azo-bis-iso-butyo-nitrile (AIBN).
 Chain transfer agents added for termination. These agents
serve as the end in the polymer and will help improving the
dyeability of acrylic fibres.
15

16.  I → I
.
 I
. + CH₂=CH-CN → I-CH₂-CH*-CN
Initiation
Propagation
Termination
 nCH₂=CH-CN + I-CH₂-CH
.-CN→I-│CH₂-CH-CN│n -CH₂-CH
.-CN
 RR’ + I-|CH₂-CH- CN | n-CH₂-CH
. -CN
 R
. + I – |CH₂-CH -CN | n+1–R’
16

17. (3) Formation Of
Polymer
 Acrylonitrile can be polymerised by any of the
convectional processes in bulk, in emulsion,
in suspension and in solution polymerisation.
 A schematic diagram of polymerisation
process :-
17

18. 1. Bulk
Polymerisation PAN is insoluble in its monomer.
Benzoyl peroxide as well as many
other azo or peroxy compounds can be
used to introduce the polymerisation of
acrylonitrile. The polymerisation
condition is 30 - 60˚𝐶 at 5 atmosphere
for one houre.
 Disadvantages :
(1) reaction is exothermic.
(2)This can not be used directly for
spinning.
(3)Due to formation of thick paste ,18

19. 2. Suspension Polymerisation
 This polymerisation of acrylonitrile is carried out by dispersing the monomer in water.
Drops of monomer are suspended in water by violent stirring in the presence of
organic or inorganic stabilisers. The stabilisers prevent the coalescence of the drops.
At the end of the reaction, the drops of the monomer change into beads. Redox
catalyst is used to initiate the polymerisation.
Advantages :
 Removal of heat is better.
 The polymer is formed in a bead form.
 No surface active substance are used.
Disadvantages :
 This process can not be used directly for spinning.
 Violent stirring is required.
19

20. Suspension Polymerisation
20

21. 3. Emulsion Polymerisation
 This polymerisation of acrylonitrile is carried out by dispersing the
monomer in water. Here soluble catalysts are used. Hydrogen peroxide
and thiourea are used as initiators. Also any chlorate, sulphate, redox
compounds are used as a catalysts. At the initial stage, the
polymerisation rate is proportional initiator concentration. Also, the
polymerisation rate is proportional to the initial monomer concentration .
 Advantages :
 Removal of heat is better.
 Disadvantages:
 Surface active substance is required.
 The solution can not be used directly for spinning.
21

22. 4. Solution
Polymerisation The solution polymerisation process, acrylonitrile is
dissolved with the acid of a solution solvent. The solvent
can de organic or inorganic. The initiator is generally
Azobis-iso-butyro-nitrile (AIBM). The reaction
temperature is around 50˚C. here the initiator rate is
independent of monomer.
 The termination can occur by combination of two
growing polymeric radicals which form an inactive
polymer molecule.
 Advantages:
 The polymerisation solution obtained can be
used directly for spinning.
 A lower investment.
 Minimum process is required
22

23. (4) SPINNING
 Dope is prepared by adding a solvent
called Dimethyl formamide . Wet
spinning is done, fiber are solified by
coagulation. Coagulation has both 52
percent DMF and 48 percent water.
23

24. Fibre Spinning
 Melt spinning
 Dry Spinning
 Wet Spinning
 Solution Spinning
24

25.  In dry spinning, DMF(di-methyl-form-amide) is
generally used as the solvent. First, a solution is
prepared of 20-30% by weight of polymer. This
solution should then be filtered and deaerated at a
reduced pressure to eliminate foreign substances .
It is fed through a special kind of screw or gear
pump to a spinnerette with 200-600 holes at 80-
150˚C.
 The filament coming form the spinnerette go
through a column in which air circulates at 230-
260℃ . The boiling temperature of DMF is 153 ℃.
So , DMF evaporates, resulting in the desired
solidification. The filament is then collected in take-
1. Dry Spinning
25

26. cont...
 Advantages :
 Considerably higher spinning speed those which can be
attained by wet spinning.
 A greater percentage of solids can be tolerated in spinning
solution.
 The solution can be spun at higher temperature.
 The solvent is removed to greater extent by evaporation into
air.
 Disadvantages:
 Due to large amount of heat, it can effect adversely the
properties of the produced filaments. It may give a colour
effect.
26

27. 2. Wet Spinning
 In wet spinning, the filtered polymer solution
is send to the spinnerette with 1000-3000
holes. The fundamental factors of the wet
spinning process consist in the selection of
the solvent, the coagulant and coagulation
conditions. The coagulant must not dissolve
the polymer but should only extract the
solvent from the filament, which comes out of
the spinnerette . Various substances are used
as solvents like water ,glycol , butyl alcohol ,
aqueous salt solution like calcium chloride,
and solvent used for dissolving the polymer27

28. Cont..
 For inorganic salts, the diffusion rate of the solvents from
the filaments is relatively low , so it is required to increase
the length of time of the fibres in the coagulation bath.
28
coagulation bath.
Solvent Solvent
concentrati
on
Polymer
Concentratio
n
Coagulatio
n
chemicals
used
Bath
concentratio
n
Conditions
tempratur
e
Dimethyl
formamide
100 17-25 DMF 45-50 5-25
Dimethyl
acetamide
100 17-25 DMAC 45-65 20-32
Dimethyl
sulphoxide
100 20 DMSO 50 30
Aq. Nitric
acid
65-70 12-16 Nitric acid 30-40 0
Sodium
thiocyanate
45-55 10-15 NaSCN 10-15 4
Zine
chloride
54 8-12 ZnCl2+ 14 25
Sodium
chloride
4 NaCl 1
Sulphuric
acid
70-75 10 H2SO4 50-55 18

29. Conti…
 Advantages:
 The finishing process ( stretching, cutting
and crimping ) can be continuous.
 Disadvantages:
 Production rate is low.
 All the conditions for coagulation should
be strictly used.
29

30. Comparison between dry and
wet spinning process
Properties Dry spinning Wet spinning
Fibre cross-section Dog-bone shape Round or bean shaped
Denier manufactured Fine denier Coarse denier
Polymer concentration Higher,25-30% Lower,10-25%
Spinning speeds Higher(200-500m/m) Lower (100-300m/min)
Stretching and Post-
spinning operation
Batch continuous
structural
characteristics
compact Micro porous and febrillar
Spinnerette size smaller larger
Polymer solution
temperature
110-130˚C 18-25℃
Fibre formation Regular gelation Irregular before gelation
Hazard potential High Low 30

31. (5) DRAWING
 Drawing is done in stretching zone
at 97º C temperature to provide
orientation and elongation of fiber.
31

32. Stretching
 The yarn obtain from both dry and wet spinning processes still
contain about 10% of solvent.
 The yarn must be washed after which they are submitted to a
special stretching treatment for orientation to improve
mechanical properties. Stretching can be carried out by passing
yarns through rollers rotating at different speeds.
 The stretch ratio is usually 4.0 to 10.0 . Stretching is usually
carried out by using the dry process at 80-100℃ with steam or
hot water.
 After stretching , the yarns are treated with special oil to
eliminate static properties as well as to improve the spinning
properties.
 The configuration of polyacrylonitrile molecule is in helical
form with a syndiotactic structure. 32

33. (6) WASHING
Washing is done to remove any
chemicals present and solvent is
recovered and recycled to be used
again. Temperature in washing one is
50˚ C to 70˚ C.
33

34. (7) DRYING
1. Before drying lubricating and antistatic
finishes are apply to the fiber. Filaments
is passed through dryer for two
purposes .
 Drying
 Stabilizing or freezing the structure of
fiber so that it cannot change further. 34

35. 35

36. Modification Of The Polymer
 A fibre consisting of 100% poly-acrylonitrile has certain difficulties. Which can be follows:
(a) Dyeing of the fibre
(b) The thermo-plasticity of the fibres
(c) Stretching and crimping operations and
(d) Less moisture absorption is less.
 Different types of comonomers are added during polymerisation of copolymerise with
acrylonitrile.
 The second comonmer like methyl acrylate or vinyl acetate is used to modify the
crystalline structure of polyacrylonitrile. It has no special functional so it helps to reduce
the thermo-plasticity .
 The third additional co-monomer like ionic comonomers is also used in the
polymerisation stage for dye-improvement.
36

37. Types Of Acrylonitrile :
Acrylic fibres
1.Orlon
2.acrylian
3. Creslan
4.Zefran
Mod-acrylic
fibres
1.Dynel
2. Verel
37

38. 38

39. (1) Orlon (method of manufacture)
 It is complicated chemical synthesis.
 Acrylonitrile may made form acetylene or form ethylene (C2H4 ), which is
petroleum derivatives. When the ethylene is treated with hypochlorous acid( HOCl
),a chlorohydrin (C2H5ClO) is formed.
 The chlorohydrin (C2H5ClO) is reacted with sodium hydroxide(NaOH ) to form
ethylene oxide (C 2H 4O). Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is added to the ethylene oxide
(C 2H 4O), producing cyanoalcohol, which is dehydrated to yield acrylonitrile. The
acrylonitrile is then polymerized into polyacrylonitrile resin, a long chain linear
polymer.
 The polyacrylonitrile is dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as dimethylformamide,
and extruded through a spinneret . By the addition of a delusterant ,such as the
one used for nylon, orlon is made semidull. After coagulation , the filaments are
oriented and stabilized by streching .
39

40. Flow chart of the manufacturing
process of orlon acrylic fibre:
40

41. (2) Manufacturing of acrilan
 The processing of acrilan is similar to that of orlon.
 Natural gas and air are combined to form ammonia.
 Ammonia and natural gas are combined to produce hydrocyanic
acid. Natural gas at elevated temperatures produced acetylene that,
when combined with hydrocyanic acid, produces acrylonitrile .
 Then the acrylonitrile is polymerised. This poly-acrylonitrile in
powder form is dissolved by a suitable solvent and passed through
spinnerets , and unlike orlon acrylic fibre(which is extruded into air
where it hardens), acrilan fibres is formed in a coagulating bath to
produce continuous filaments .
 The fibres, produced in semidull , bright or solution dyed
varieties, are then washed , stretched, and crimped.
 Wet spinning is used. 41

42. Production of Acrilan acrylic
fibre
42

43. (3) Manufacturing of creslan
 Creslan fiber is produced from a copolymer containing a
high percentage of acrylonitrile.
 After polymerization , acrylonitrile copolymer is
dissolved in a solvent , filtered and deaerated to form a
spinning solution.
 A delustering agent may be added. The spinning
solution is extruded through a spinneret into an
aqueous bath from which it emerges as filament of 1.5
to 15 denier.
 Creslan fibre is produced in bright and semidull43

44. (4) Method of manufacture
zefran and zefkrome
 Zefran is a nitrile acrylic alloy produced with somewhat the
same general procedure used in the manufacturing of acrylic
fibers with modifications whereby a dye- receptive polymer is
grafted to the acrylonitrile molecule.
 The copolymer alloy is extruded from spinneret as white,
bright , or semi dull tow .
 It is stretched, crimped , and cut into staple lengths of 1.5 to
4.5 inches.
 Zefkrome: It is a variant of Zefran . Its primary difference in
appearance is that the fiber has been impregnated with a
predetermined color.
44

45. PROPERTIE
S
ORLON ACRILAN CRESLAN ZEFRAN ZEFROME
Strength Fair Fair Fair to good Good Good
Abrasion
resistance
Fair Fair to good Fair Good Good
Elasticity Low ; good
extensibility
for sayelle
Low Low Low Low
Absorbency Little Little Little Little Little
Laundering
care
Varies ;
requires
care, use
mild soap or
detergent;
may pill
Launders
readily ;
some pilling
may occur
Easy care
with mild
soap;
relatively pill
resistance
Easy care
with mild
soap; fair
resistance to
pilling
Easy care
with mild
soap; good
resistance to
pilling
Resistance
to
perspiration
Good Good Good Good Good
Resilience Very good Very good Excellent Excellent Excellent
45

46. Ironing
temperature
Moderately
warm
Moderately
warm
Moderately
warm
At rayon
setting or
slightly high
At rayon
setting or
slightly high
Shrinking Virtually
none
Virtually
none
Virtually
none
Virtually
none
Virtually
none
Household
bleaches
All safe All safe Require
NaCl; some
types have
built-in
whiteness
All safe All safe
Resistance
to light
Excellent Very good Excellent Very good Excellent
Resistance
to mildew
Wholly
resistant
Wholly
resistant
Wholly
resistant
Wholly
resistant
Wholly
resistant
Resistance
to alkalies
Fair to good
to week
alkalies
good to week
alkalies
Fair to week
alkalies
Fair to week
alkalies
Fair to week
alkalies
Reaction to
acid
Very
resistance
Very
resistance
Excellent
resistance;
tendency to
bleach
Excellent
resistance
Excellent
resistance
Colour- Good Good; Good Good Good 46

47. 47

48. History
 The carbide and carbon chemicals company started experimenting with
superpolymers in 1934. The company contributed much to the present
knowledge of these substances, but it was not until 1949 that was Dynel,
a partly acrylic staple fiber, was developed.
 In an effort to diversify its position in textile fibers, Eastman Chemical
products, Inc., also entered the acrylic fiber field. After due
experimentation, the company announced the production of its own
acrylic fiber Verel, in march, 1956.
 Both Dynel and Verel, under the ruling of the Federal Trade
Commission, they were classified as modacrylics.
48

49. 49

50. (1) Dynel(method of
manufacturing)
 Its production is derived from basic substances such as natural
gas, salt, ammonia, and water.
 These are combined to form two basic ingredients: acrylonitrile,
(which is clear liquid to produce modacrylic) and vinyl chloride(it is
a gas used to produce vinyl plastic).
 They both are combined under heat and pressure, they
copolymerize and form a white powdery resin. This resin is
dissolve in acetone (nail polish remover)producing a viscose
solution similar in appearance to that of acetone.
 Then passed through spinnerets into a water bath from which it
emerges a tow or group of continuous filaments.
 The tow is dried , stretched and annealed.
50

51. Manufacturing process of Dynel
51

52. (2) Verel
 The tennessee Eastman Company, manufacture of
Verel.
 Some of the acrylonitrile and certain modifiers that are
polymerized.
 The viscous solution is forced through a spinneret
and it coagulates as the solvent is removed.
 The filaments, which may be either bright or dull and
gather into a tow and then to make the fibre resistance
to shrinking or streaching.
 The tow, composed of filaments of 3,5,8,12,16, and 24
denier, is then crimped and cut into staple.
52

53. Fibre Morphology
 The macro-structure of acrylic
 The microscopic appearance
 Micro structure of acrylic
 Acrylic staple and filament fibres do not have an
identifiable micro-structure.
The macro-structure of acrylic
53

54. The Macro-structure Of Acrylic
 The acrylic fibre appear as regular, translucent, slightly wavy
filaments or staple fibres.
 Slightly waviness of acrylic fibres provides a slight bulkiness to their
yarns.
 The diameter of acrylic fibres range about 15 to 25 𝜇𝑚, depending
on end-use requirements. The fibre length to breadth ratio is usually
in excess of 2000:1.This ensure that even the shortest staple fibre
will satisfactorily spin into yarn.Microscopic Appearance Of
Acrylic The longitudinal appearance (a)of the acrylic fibre is regular in width,
sometime showing several fine but more usually one heavy striation
 Cross section structure is (b) dog-bone shape. It is depends upon
the particular acrylonitrile polymer or copolymer, the type of
coagulation solution in the spinning bath and rate of coagulation .
54

55. 1. The longitudinal appearance (a)of the
acrylic
2. Cross section appearance (b)of the acrylic
55

56. Properties Of Acrylic
 Physical properties
 Mechanical properties
 Chemical properties
 Environmental properties
56

57. Physical Properties
 Tenacity :The fair to strong tenacity of the acrylic fibres is attributed to the very
crystalline nature of their polymer system, as well as to their very long polymer.
Two characteristics enable van der waals’ force to develop between polymer;
although these forces are weak, they act in this case very efficiently and effectively.
The loss of tenacity that occurs when acrylic fibre become wet indicates that the
fibres are slightly amorphous, enable water molecules to enter and reduce the van
der waals forces between polymer.
 Elastic-plastic nature : Acrylic have soft handle. This means that , the polymer
system is very crystalline, acrylic polymers must be able to give or slide over each
other when the acrylic filament or staple fibre is bend or crushed. The displacement
of polymer in the acrylic polymer system is evidenced by the wrinkling and
distortion of the textile materials in response to bending, stretching and crushing .
The lack of dimensional stability of acrylic textile material tends to reinforce the57

58. Conti…
 Hygroscopic nature : It is hydrophobic because the polymer
system is highly crystalline . Very few molecules are absorbed
because of the very few amorphous nature of the polymer system.
 The slightly polarity of nitrile group in the acrylic polymer , and the
somewhat stronger polarity of the anionic groups introduced by the
copolymerisation.
 The hydrophobic nature of acrylic textile materials result in ready
development of static electricity .This is undesirable effect and
occurs because the acrylic polymer are unable to attract sufficient
water to dissipate the static build-up.
58

59. Conti..
 Thermal properties : Acrylics are the most heat sensitive of the synthetic
fibres commonly used for apparel purposes .
 The week van der waals forces which hold the acrylic polymer system
together contribute to the heat sensitivity of fibres . When near a naked
flame, acrylic fibres tend to ignite immediately , rather than melt . Acrylic
fibres are the most flammable synthetic fibres in common use.
 The ease with which acrylics ignite does not apply to certain mod-acrylic
fibres which have been copolymerised with chlorine containing monomers.
The mod acrylic fibre is not burn, but will melt , char and disintegrated.
The reason : the carbon – chlorine bond in these polymer is endothermic
when dissociated by heat, for example by exposure to a flame. The bonds
in the polymer, such as carbon- hydrogen and carbone-oxygen bonds, are
exothermic when dissociated by heat. Under normal circumstances the
evolution of heat by these exothermic bonds would further propagation of
the flame . In other side carbon-chlorine bond in modacrylic is absorb59

60. Chemical properties
1. Effect of acids : The acrylic fibres are resistant to acids
because their polymers do not contain any chemical groups
which will attract or react with acid radical.
2. Effect of alkalis : the very crystalline nature of the acrylic
polymer system prevents the ready entry of alkaline.
However, the surface hydrolysis or surface saponification
will occur.
3. Effect of bleaches : acrylic fibre are not usually bleached in
practice. As a result, little is known about the effect of
bleaches on acrylic polymers. 60

61. Conti..
4. Effect of sunlight and weather: acrylic fibres are the most
sunlight and weather resistant fibres in common use.
 Acrylic textiles, when exposed to sunlight, will initially suffer a
small loss in tenacity. After this initial loss there is “levelling
off” in any further reduction in tenacity. From then onwards
acrylics have excellent sunlight and weather resistance .
 The “levelling off” in tenacity loss is consider to be due
to a slight internal polymers rearrangement .
 Exposure to sunlight provides the necessary heat energy to
cause particular portion of polymers to assume ring
structures, which have more stable electron arrangement.
This enables the polymers is withstand much more effectively
the UV radiation . 61

62. 5. Colour- fastness: the acrylic and mod-acrylic fibres are most
commonly dyed and printed with basic dyes and disperse dyes.
(a) Basic dyes: these dyes were originally developed for acrylic
fibres. Basic dyes are also known as a cationic dyes. This cationic
or basic radical , is also attracted to the anionic groups in the
acrylic polymer . This is very good wash and light fastness
because of their hydrophobic and crystalline polymer system.
(b) Disperse dyes: acrylic fibres which are hydrophobic are readily
dyed with the non-ionic disperse dyes. The fair to good light-
fastness of disperse dyed and printed acrylic textile . Disperse
dyed or printed acrylic textile materials have good light and wash-
fastness, because the dye molecules are non-ionic and insoluble
in water and the acrylic polymer system is both very crystalline
and hydrophobic. 62

63. Environmental properties of
acrylic
 Mildew and insects do not harm acrylic, and the
fibres has good to excellent resistance to sunlight.
Mechanical properties of acrylic
 Pilling is a major problem with acrylic . Some
special finishes can be used to reduce the pilling
tendency. It is lightweight fibre.
63

64. Physical properties of acrylic and mod-acrylic
fibres
Properties Polyacrylonitrile Mod-acrylic
Tensile strength(g/den) dry
wet
2.5-4.5
2.0-4.0
1.5-3.0
1.0-2.5
Elongation(%) dry
wet
27-48
27-28
25-45
27-48
Elastic recovery (%) at 2%
at 5%
99
50-95
95-99
80-95
Specific gravity (g/cc) 1.17 1.30-1.37
Moisture(%) 1.5 0.6-4.0
Softening temp.(℃) 150-160 135-160
Melting temp. (℃) 330-340 200-210
64

65. Manufacturer of
mod-acrylic
Trade name of
Mod-acrylic
Solutia,inc.
( formerly mansanto
corp.)
S.E.F.
(self extinguishing
fibre)
Kanrka coporation,
japan
kanecaron
SELECT MANUFACTURER/TRADE NAMES
FOR
ACRYLIC AND MODACRYLIC
Manufacturer of
acrylic
Trade name of
acrylic
Solutia,inc.
(formerly mansanto
corp.)
• Acrilan.
• Duraspun
• Pil-trol
Sterling fibres inc. • Creslan
• Microsupreme
• Weather bloc
• Biofresh
• (antibacterial
fibre) 65

66. WORLDWIDE ACRYLIC FIBRE
PRODUCTION FOR THE YEAR 1995
66

67. Use of acrylic
 Acrylic in apparel includes sweaters, shocks, blankets ,
and fleece or high-pile fabrics. Acrylic is also used to
create fur substitutes.
 Acrylic in furnishings include upholstery fabrics and
carpet.
 Acrylic resists the sun, draperies and outdoor items
such as awnings, tarpaulins, tents and outdoor
furniture.
 Other things : sportswear, socks, shoe liners, and
industrial filter.
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68. Uses of modacrylic
 It is taken advantages of the fibre’s hair like structure or its flame
resistance.
 Fur fabrics with both long and short fibres
 It is used for wings, hairpieces, and paint-roller covers.
 It is flame retardant characteristics make it suitable for use in
children’s pajamas and robes and some work cloths.
 Other uses : wall coverings, industrial filters , Window treatments,
and blanket , upholstery fabrics for the home.
 Sometimes used in awnings and boat covers.
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69. Care of Acrylic
 Acrylic fabrics can be laundered and dry-
cleaned .
 Acrylic may be sensitive to heat , so that
when dryer drying is recommended for acrylic
product, low heat setting should be used.
 Pressing temperature should not exceed
250℉ .
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70. Care of Modacrylic
 Deep pile garments must be professionally cleaned but in
order to avoid crushing or altering the appearance of the pile.
 Modacrylic is machine washed but special care should be
taken to avoid exposing them to very high temperature
because of their heat sensitivity .
 Low dryer temperature must be used and ironing should only
be done with warm, not hot, iron.
 Discoloured by the use of chlorine bleaches .
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71. Products
71

72. Danger To Wool
72

73. References :
 Potter M.D ; Corbman B.P 1967. Textiles Fiber to Fabric, 4ᵗed. New
York , St. Louis Dallas, 369-390p
 Cook J.G. ; Handbook of Textile fibers ;2nd ed. Wood head
Publications Limited,406-409p
 Elsasser V.H.;textiles :concept amd principles ;2nd ed. New york
,firchild publications , inc.,79-2p.
 Mishra S.P , A Textbook of Fibre Science and Technology ; New
Delhi , New Age International Ltd. , 263-275p
 Gohl E.P.G., Vilensky l.D., Textile science ; CBS PUBLISHERS &
DISTRIBUTERS,.89-98p.
 Tortora P.G. ; Understanding Textile ; New York , Macmillan
Publishing Co., Inc . 126-134p. 73

74. *THANK YOU
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