Different Types of Garden and its Features

2. Formal Garden
Informal Garden
Wild Garden

3. • Key features:
 stiff design – done in straight & narrow way
 mirror image of each other
Symmetrical plans – roads cut at right angles
Has definite boundary
Flower beds – geometric designs
Fountains, water pools, cascades – used for attraction

4. DRAWBACKS…..
• Have no secrets – no surprise element
• Presently, only done at frontages in home gardens.

5.  Reflects naturalistic effect of total view – represents natural beauty
 Assymmetrical plan
 Smooth cuvaceous outline
 Irregular shaped water bodies
No geometrical arrngements – plants are not trimmed
 Eg: Hindu, Buddhist and Japanese garden

6. Expounded by William Robinson
Main idea – naturalize plants in shrubberies
Grass should remain unmowed bulbous plants should be grown
scattered in the grass to imitate wild scenery
Passages should be opened in the woodland, and trees, shrubs,
and bulbous plants should be planted among the forest flora.
Allow creepers to grow over the trees

7. • Mughal garden
• Persian garden
• Italian garden
• French garden
• English garden
• Japanese garden

8. • Introduced by Babur
• Formal style
• Garden of Panipat and Aram Bagh garden of Agra
• Two categories:
Pleasure gardens of kings and queens
Tomb gardens

9. GENERAL FEATURES…..
• Formal and symmetrical design
• Area divided into four plots by water channels – represents 4 rivers of
life
• Axis is straight and central
• Water pool in the centre – over flowing water serves as central
specimen
• fountains, cascades – linked to central pool create scenic beauty

10. KEY FEATURES….
• Terraces:
To maintain the proportion of land – 7, 8 or 12
terraces
7 – planets
8 – paradise
12 – zodiacal signs
 Entrance at lowest terrace

11. •Running water: (Naharas)
 water – life and soul of Mughal garden
 Idea of constructing canals and tanks to
keep water brimming to the level of paths
– borrowed from Persians
 Water channels – pave with tiles of
brilliant blue color – to reflect sky and give
the impression of depth
 Various patterns – paving marble stones
and styles – running water thrown up an
broken into ripples
 At dusk – tiny lighted lamps place behind
the water falls – diffusion of light – creates
a very pleasant sight

12. Site and design: perennial river, slope of a hill and river banks – selected. Square or
rectangle in shape. Serves the purpose of fort, residence and a place for recreation .
High protecting walls: top of the wall – adorned with serrated battlements. Protection
against enemy and hot wins of summer.
Entrance: tall and gorgeous. Strong and huge wooden structures studded with iron nails
and spikes

13.  Baradari: canopied building with 12 open doors – 3 in each direction.
 one can sit and enjoy the fresh breeze an watch dark clouds and birds in the sky
 Masonry pillars are painted – designs of flowers in vases an floor furnished with
thick carpets and cushions
 Scented flowers : flowers used are scented and highly colorful – created by massing
mixed colored annuals.

14. SYMBOLS
• Water : Source of life
• Eight divisions : Eight divisions of Quran.
• Alternate planting of cypress and flowering trees : immortality and renewal of life
• White flowering Bauhinia alba : Youth and eternity

15. • Came into existence at time of Renaissance
• Gardens were
 Extension of the lavish palace
 Glamorous outdoor hall
 For showing off their wealth and status

16. • Massive flight of stairs – marble – complete with balustrade –
connect different levels of garden
• Decorative urns, fountains – in combination with stone sculptures
• Terraces adorned with marble pillar

18. • Oldest garden style
• Based on their ideas of heaven
• 4 essentials:
 Water for irrigation, display and sound
Shade trees for shelter
Flowers for scent and color
Music to delight ears

19. • Strictly formal and symmetrical
• Carries quadrant pattern with water channels dividing garden into 4
sections – Char Bagh design
• 4 square plots – shade trees and fruit trees
• Used all crafted materials – masonry, carved and pierced marble stones,
and highly polished stones
• Laid out by cutting terraces on hill slopes
• Main feature – Naharas (flowing water) – concept of Persian paradise –
where cooling water flows
• Fruit trees – symbol of life
• Cypress – death and eternity
•

21. • Key features of English gardens in India:
• Lawn: principal feature. Can be plain or undulating
• Rockery: various types –
Cold weather rockery of annuals – Alyssum, Calendula, Dianthus
 Rockery of succulents for dry areas
 Rockery of ferns for humid areas
• Herbaceous borders: flower beds or borders – characteristic feature.
 Designed in 3 rows with tall and dwarf ones on sides and medium ones in
middle

23.  Le Notre – showed the impact of impressiveness of scale on garden design
His main creation – gardens at versailles – has avenues – memorable for their
tremendous length and width
His first master piece – garden at Vauxe-le-Vicomte
Moral of French garden – ‘how to think big’
Style of Le Notre – an evolution and mastery of art of formal garden in its perfection

25. • Style is ‘Nature in miniature’ – enable them to mediate and be in harmony with
nature
• Most important teaching – “unless a garden has an air of peace it’s not worth a
place to visit. It should be a place where the mind finds rest and relaxation”

26. • Hill garden
• Flat garden
• Tea garden
• Passage garden
• Sand garden

27. HILL GARDEN
• Main feature : hills, streams and ponds
• Known in Japanese as ‘Tsukiyama-niwa’ or ‘Tsukiyama-
sansui’ – means hills and water
• Features:
 ornamental water : can be in the form of big lakes with a
tranquil surface or in the form of water basins of natural shape
Wells – dual purpose – beauty and utility

28.  Islands: important feature
Rocks are used as foundation – soil deposited on it
Trees are planted and stones are erected in an irregular manner - to give natural
touch
Connected by bridge or left isolated
Given personal touch – by naming them Master island, Guest island and Central
island

29. Hills and Hillocks:
Hill 1: bigger sized, broad viewed hill
Hill 2: Companion hill. Created adjacent to hill 1
Hill 3: projected front opposite to hill 1
Hill 4: elegantly introduced in the foreground close to hill 3 and below hill
2
Hill 5: at the far end. Could be seen from all parts of the garden

30.  Stones: used to depict – natural moods, ideas of spirituality and melody. 5
types:
 Status stone: tall vertical stone bulging out towards middle and finishing at top –
a human thinking or meditating
 Low vertical stone: rounded at base and top is bent – resembling bud of magnolia
 Flat stone: low broad stone of irregular shape with flat top – submissiveness
 Recumbent or ox stone: resembles trunk of an animal. Long, curved and bent
boulder – an animal hiding in a bush
 Arching stone: is arch like – flexibility in thoughts

32. • Trees:
• Principal tree: group of trees planted at central part of background
• View perfecting trees : tree planted in the foreground of an island
• Tree of solitude : group of trees with thick foliage in the background on
one side
• Cascade screening trees: group of bushy or leafy tree planted at the side of
waterfall
• Tree of setting sun : planted in the west side to filter the glare of sun
• Distancing tree: pine plants planted to give a forest look

33. • Garden lanterns : stone or bronze lanterns are used
• Garden pagodas : may be stone tower or pagoda
• Garden bridges: connects island

34. JAPANESE TEA GARDEN
• Nature recreated in front of house
• 3 areas :
• Outer section : Sotoroji
• Place for guests to wait after removing shoes
• Paths provided with stepping stones to the middle section
• Planted with grass

35. • Middle section: Machi
• Stone troughs with water - for guests to clean themselves
• Inner garden : Uchiroji
• Extremely simple and natural stones, lanterns, rocks water basins which look as antiques are
placed.
• Informal garden
• Hedge walls are provided to look natural. The selection of trees - when the outer garden is
exposed to the light, the inner must be darkened by shady evergreen trees.

36. FLAT GARDEN…..
• Lack ups and down and are devoid of
hills, streams and ponds
• Created for confined places
• Mostly ‘Moore’ type gardens - developed
to create scenic beauty, other adornments
like stones, wells, water basins, trees, etc.
are used.

37. TYPICAL TREES
• Evergreen trees: Pines, different species of Abies, Cryptomeria japonica,
Podocarpus macrophylla and Juniperus chinensis
• Deciduous trees: Maples (Acer species), Poplars (Populus sp.), Mulbery, (Morus
alba) and Salix babylonica (willow)
• Flowering trees: The most commonly used plants are different Prunus species,
besides Magnolia grandiflora and others.
• Shrubs: Aucuba japonica, Azaleas, Gardenia florida, Nandina domestica,
Camellia, Lagestroemia indica Rhododendrons.

38. • Bamboos play a special role in the Japanese gardens. The striking patterns of shadow cast
by the arching bamboos against paved path, fences and patios look beautiful. A paved path
in the entrance garden bordered by bamboos simulates a grove.
• The Japanese use more flowers like chrysanthemums, asters (e.g. Aster fastigiatus, A.
glehnii, A. microcephalus), carnation, different lilies, irises, lotuses and orchids.