Membrane Structure Types

1. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

2.  spatial structures made out of tensioned membranes.  Membranes are also used as non-structural cladding  Membrane can support both tension and compression and thus withstand bending moment. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Membrane Structure

3. Membrane Structure MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

7. ANTICLASTIC AND SYNCLASTIC FOR MOMENT STRESS:  ANTICLASTIC – A FORM IN WHICH TWO DOMINANT AXES CURVE IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION  SYNCLASTIC – TWO DOMINANT CURVES BOTH MOVE IN THE SAME DIRECTION MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

8.  An air-supported (or air-inflated) structure is any building that derives its structural integrity from the use of internal pressurized air.  In practice, any inflated surface involves a double curvature.  Therefore, the most common shapes for air-supported structures are hemispheres, ovals, and half cylinders  Membrane can support both tension and compression and thus withstand bending moment. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE 1. Pneumatic Structure

9.  An air-supported (or air-inflated) structure is any building that derives its structural integrity from the use of internal pressurized air.  In practice, any inflated surface involves a double curvature.  Therefore, the most common shapes for air-supported structures are hemispheres, ovals, and half cylinders  Membrane can support both tension and compression and thus withstand bending moment. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE 1. Pneumatic Structure

10. Envelope • They can be made up of different materials. • Cannot be used as one continuous material. • Material are seamed together by sealing, heat bonding or mechanical jointing. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE System Components

11. Cable System • They act as the supporting system. • They experience tension force due to the upward force of the air. • Can be placed in one or two directions to create a network and for better stability. • They do not fail since they are pulled tight enough to absorb the external loads. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE System Components

12. Pumping Equipment • It is used to supply and maintain internal pressure inside the structure. • Fans, blowers or compressors are used for constant supply of air. • The amount of air required depends on the weight of the material and the wind pressure. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE System Components

13. Entrance Doors • Doors can be ordinary doors or airlocks. •Airlock minimize the chances of having an unevenly pressurized environment. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE System Components

14. Foundations •Pneumatic structures are secured to ground using heavy weights, ground anchors or attached to a foundation. •Weight of the material and the wind loads are used to determine the most appropriate anchoring system. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE System Components

15. 2 Types of Structures  Air Supported Structures -They have air higher than the atmospheric pressure supporting the envelope. -Air locks or revolving doors help to maintain the internal pressure. -These systems are provided with low pressure air; hence have to be provided with continuous supply of air. -They are either anchored to the ground or to a wall so that leakage is prevented. -They have relative low cost and they can be installed easily. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE 1. Pneumatic Structure

16.  Air Infalted Structures -Supporting frames consist of air under high pressure. -Internal pressure of building remains at atmospheric pressure. -There is no restrictions in no. and size of openings. -They have potential to support an attached structure. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE 1. Pneumatic Structure

24. •Wind and Snow loads are the primary loads that are acting on pneumatic structures. • As pneumatic structures are tensile, the envelope has the ability to gain stiffness in order to withstand the loads acting on them. •Wind loads produce a lateral force on the structures and snow load causes downward forces on envelope. • Pneumatic structures are designed to withstand wind load of 120 mph and a snow load of 40 pounds/yard. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Loadings

25. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Loadings

26.  A structure where the exterior shell is a fabric material spread over a framework.  The fabric is maintained in tension in all directions to provide stability. 2. Cable & Tensile Structure MEMBRANE STRUCTURE  Discussed by the previous group (Tensile)

27.  Also known as the “ Tension Domes”  A tension dome is a structural system that uses the tensile strength of materials rather than the compression qualities of usual domes.  was first proposed by David Geiger and first employed in the roofs for the Olympic Gymnastics Hall and the Fencing Hall in Seoul.  A typical cable dome consists of ridge cables, diagonal cables, hoop cables, vertical struts, an inner tension ring and an outer compression ring. 3. Cable Domes MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

28.  Also known as the “ Tension Domes”  A tension dome is a structural system that uses the tensile strength of materials rather than the compression qualities of usual domes.  was first proposed by Geiger and first employed in the roofs for the Olympic Gymnastics Hall and the Fencing Hall in Seoul.  A typical cable dome consists of ridge cables, diagonal cables, hoop cables, vertical struts, an inner tension ring and an outer compression ring. 3. Cable Domes MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

33. WHAT IS THE WORLD’S FIRST PERMANENT MEMBRANE STRUCTURE?  SPORTS PAVILION AT LA VERNE COLLEGE, CALIFORNIA  FROM 1973 TO PRESENT  1993 – TEST RESULT:  MINIMAL DETERIORATION MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

34. WHAT IS THE WORLD’S LARGEST MEMBRANE STRUCTURE?  MILLENIUM DOME IN GREENWICH, UK  COMPLETED IN 1999 MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

35.  To be discuss by the next group (Geodesic) 2. Cable Domes MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

Membrane Structure Types

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Membrane Structure Types