QUALITY ASSURANCE

1. NURSING ADMINISTRATION
GROUP 9 ASSIGNMENT

2. MEMBERS
1)Cheptoo Sharon - BSN-1-8210-2/2019
2)Griffins Makwere -BSN -1-8164-3/2018
3)Clare Koech - BSN -1-8608-2/2019
4)Amina Guyo-BSN-1-8811-2/2019
5)Florance mogeni-BSN-1-8236-2/2019
6)Titus Ngetich -BSN -1-8265-3/2017
7)Lynne chemutai BSN-1-8793-3/2018

3. QUALITY MANAGEMENT
 Quality management is the act of overseeing all activities and tasks that must be
accomplished to maintain a desired level of excellence.
 Quality management stresses the prevention of client/patient care problems.
 Quality management stresses the prevention of client/patient care problems. It
focuses on client instead of the provider. The goal of quality management is to
improve the system not to assign blame and strives to prevent errors. Managers
and workers must be committed to quality improvement

4. Definition of Quality
 Over the years, concern about Quality of Nursing Care has gradually increased and the assurance
of quality is one of the major issues facing the health care system today in Kenya and World wide
 Definition: Quality is defined as a degree of excellence.

5.  Quality Care has always been an important issue and one of the concerns among
professionals.
 As nurses we have a commitment to give the best service We can in solving
problems in health care delivery based on educational preparation. Similarly We
are expected to provide acceptable level of care to the people We look after.
 In order to develop, implement and maintain Quality Management Systems, there
is need to have standards.

6. It has four main components :
 It has four main components :
 quality planning
 quality assurance
 quality control
 quality improvement

7. PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
 Engagement of people - involves openly discussing issues and sharing knowledge
and experience with your team to fully benefit
 Focus on your customer and their needs – know your customers needs by
gathering their feedback
 Leadership - Develop a strong management team. Strong leadership means you
have a clear vision of your organizations future. Communicating this vision
effectively will ensure your whole team works towards the same objectives, giving
your organization a shared sense of purpose. This can then help to increase
employee motivation and productivity
 Process approach - promote a process-driven culture across your organization by
ensuring you plan, resource and manage your processes and their interactions
effectively.

8.  Improvement - quality management system and should be your organization’s core
objective. Implementing processes for identifying risks and opportunities, spotting
and solving non-conformities, and measuring and monitoring your efforts means
that you will be able to find ways to improve and make your organization even
stronger.
 Evidence-based decision making – simply involves basing your decision on facts .
Acute and reliable data is essential for decision making
 Relationship management – create mutual beneficial relationships to build trust.

9.  As professional nurses we need to have standards for our practice.
 They provide assurance to patients that their stated or implied needs will be met on
time, every time.
 Importance of standards:
 Provide a common base or unifying force in this diverse profession.
 Standards are set for the purpose of maintaining a high level of quality in the practice of
nursing.
 Standards identify the elements of nursing that must be met to ensure quality care.
 Provide a baseline for measuring the quality.
 Standards delineate the characteristics of patient care evaluation programs.


10. Standards
 The challenge of Nursing today is to become a profession which sets its own
standards of performance thereby resulting in effective assurance of quality.
Definitions of standard
 A standard is:- A specific set up established by authority as a rule for the measure
of quantity, quality, extent and weight.
 Yardstick with which to compare your own care. One of the main building blocks in
any quality assurance activity.
 Some value specifies by experts against which reality can be compared when the
criterion value is measured.

11. Who Sets or Formulates Standards
 It should be owned by the nurses who deliver the care.
 Expertise is important to make sure that the nurses are qualified to set the
standards.
 There should be Considering of Representatives of everyone who will be working
with the standards. More than one discipline should be represented in standard
setting.Involvement of the practitioners is also important even if they are not
concerned with actual writing of standards
 Willingness – all members should be willing to take part in standard setting.

12. FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN
SETTING STANDARDS
 A Source of Concern- Something in the ward that Is a cause of concern eg.
Infection that is higher than should be.
 An area of interest-Particular area of interest in something which should be also
shared by other staff.
 An area of quality improvement -An area of performance which requires to be
improved

13. FORMULATING THE STANDARD
STATEMENT AND CRITERIA
 Standard Statement – A broad objective of what you want to achieve.
 It should be a guide to the criteria that you will write to achieve the standard.
 Criteria : These are crucial active elements of the standard. Criteria are the ones
that are measured.

 The information you need to formulate the criteria can be obtained from:
 Professional experience eg. May want to change some aspects of practice in order
to improve.
 Values and beliefs eg. Individualized care.

14.  Policies, procedures and guidelines for practice.
 Legal requirements eg. Confidentiality.
 Management., mission statements, learning objectives
 Types of Criteria
 There are 3 types of criteria used to evaluate the quality of care.
 Structure Criteria
 Process criteria
 Outcome Criteria

15. 1. Structure Criteria
 These are statements about the environmental elements, setting and conditions under which
nurse-patient relationship occurs.
 It Describe resources in the systems which are essential for successful completion of task under
review.
 Examples Of this include
 Philosophy and objectives of the organization.
 Characteristics and goals of staff.
 Physical facilities and equipment.
 Policies and procedures
 Rules and regulations.


16. 2. Process criteria
 This focuses on the activities and behaviors of the nurse as she interacts with
patients in order to achieve certain results.
 Measures what the nurse does for the patient, and how done and also what she/he
fails to do.
 Examples of this include
 Assessment techniques and procedures
 Nursing actions in implementing or monitoring care.
 Methods of giving information- patient education

17. 3. Outcome Criteria
 These are desired effect of nursing care. They measure change in patient/client
behavior.
 Examples Includd
 level of knowledge, health status and satisfaction.

18. Points to be Considered When Formulating
Criteria
 Points to be Considered When Formulating Criteria
 It should be;
 1 Relevant – describe exactly what is desired to be achieved.
 2 Understandable – clear, simple and not ambiguous.
 3.Measurable – concise and specific in order to measure.
 4.Behaviorally stated – Reflect things which need to be provided or carried
 out in order to achieve a standard.

19.  5 Achievable – avoid unrealistic expectations
 It should be validated After development so that to be certain that they are accurate and relevant
and that they reflect the realities of the nursing practice in the Institution.

20. QUALITY ASSURANCE
 The challenge of nursing today is to become a profession which sets it’s own standards of
performance thereby resulting in effective assurance of quality.
 Definition Quality Assurance is the new formal method developed to monitor the quality of
patient care.It is the method used to determine effect and evaluate the quality of care.
 It involves integration of all functions and processes at all levels in an organization in order to
achieve continuous improvement of the quality of services.
 Quality assurance in health Sector; refers to the accountability of the care giver for the quality
of the care they provide to their patients this implies that the patient is given a formal guarantee of
a degree of excellence.

21.  Quality Assurance Programme ( QAP)
 This is a formal, systematic programme by which care rendered to patients is
measured against established criteria.
 QAP is a management programme by means of which we assure ourselves and
others of the quality of work for which we have a responsibility as nurses.

22.  Consideration to be successful in quality assurance
 >Quality must be seen as a key priority.
 >It must be comprehensive - Covering all staff groups starting from the top manager to the lowest
level.
 >It must be an on-going process.
 >Each quality initiative must have regard for other elements of the care process.
 >A pro-active approach is required –quality must become an inherent part of the planning and
management framework

23. Functions of quality assurance
 Identification of problems in patient care.
 Designing activities to overcome those problems.
 Performing follow up monitoring to ensure that no new problems have been
introduced and that corrective action has been taken and is effective.

24. Quality Assurance Process
 Quality assurance process must go hand in hand with what has already been
researched on as an area of concern or improvement.
 Firstly the mission statement, philosophy and objectives of the institution,
department or unit must be considered.
 The next step is- defining the principal functions of the unit/ward which must
include the central activities you are responsible for.
 Finally the process involves selecting the critical components or what should be
monitored or evaluated.