Do you plan your meal rich in all nutrients? are you one of them who suffered from micro nutrients deficiency? then this presentation will help you in knowing the importance of diet to combat nutrient deficiencies like Vitamin B12, calcium, Iron.

1. Nutrient DeficienciesKnow How To Combat!

2. Vitamin D

Vit. D is a fat soluble vitamin
and its synthesized in the
body

1 billion people worldwide
have Vit D deficiency or
insufficiency

96.7% Asian-Indian patients
have Vitamin D deficiency
and are fragile hip fracture (J
Assoc Physicians India. 2010 Sep;58:539-42)

3. Function Of Vitamin D

Calcium absorption in the intestines and is required
for the efficient utilization of dietary calcium.

Involved in cellular growth, differentiation and
apoptosis.

Simulates insulin secretion.

Modulates the immune system.

Reduces inflammation.

Muscle development

4. Diagnostic Test

Measurement of 25(OH) vitamin D serum levels
best reflects the vitamin D status of an individual.

Normal : >30 ng/ml (>75 nmol/L)

Insufficiency : 20-30 ng/ml (50-75 nmol/L)

Deficiency : <20 ng/ml (<50 nmol/L)

5. Symptoms

Usually asymptomatic until severe

Musculoskeletal pain

Fractures

Weakness

6. Causes

Decreased sun exposure/sunscreen
◦ SPF 15 decreases vitamin D3 synthesis by 99%

Decreased intake of foods rich in vitamin D

Impaired absorption due to air pollution

Chronic kidney disease

7. Vit. D Deficiency Leads To….






Rickets in Children
Osteoporosis
Obesity
Diabetes
Cancer risk
Cardiovascular disease (including MI)

8. Recommended Dietary
Allowance
Age
0–12
months*
1–13
years
Male
400 IU
(10 mcg)
600 IU
(15 mcg)
Female
400 IU
(10 mcg)
600 IU
(15 mcg)
14–18
years
19–50
years
51–70
years
>70 years
600 IU
(15 mcg)
600 IU
(15 mcg)
600 IU
(15 mcg)
800 IU
600 IU
(15 mcg)
600 IU
(15 mcg)
600 IU
(15 mcg)
800 IU
Pregnanc
y
Lactation
600 IU
(15 mcg)
600 IU
(15 mcg)
600 IU
(15 mcg)
600 IU
(15 mcg)

9. Sources

Regular supplementation of atleast 2000 IU/day of
vit. D supplementation to maintain normal vit. D
levels.
JAPI • november 2011 • voL. 59

11. Toxicity

Chronic ingestion of 50 to 100 times normal
physiologic requirement of Vit D (> 40,000 IU/day)
ie. 25 OH levels of >150 ng/ml can leads to
◦
◦
◦
◦
Renal calculi
Hypercalcemia
Renal insufficiency
Fatigue and weakness
JAPI • november 2011 • voL. 59

12. Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin

Vitamin b12 is one of the most important vitamin
required for growth and division of cells.
It is responsible in other important body functions.
Recommendation:
Man,women-1.0 μg
Children(1-18) – 0.2-1.0 μg
Lactating mothers- 1.5 μg

13. Diagnostic Test

Normal : 200-900 pg/mL

Deficiency : <20o pg/mL

Toxicity : >900 pg/mL

14. Symptoms





Weakness, tiredness or light-headedness
Pale skin
Sore tongue
Easy bruising or bleeding gums
Stomach upset
In sever case:
 Tingling or numbness in fingers and toes
 Difficulty walking
 Mood changes or depression
 Memory loss, disorientation, and dementia

15. Causes

Perenicious anemia and atrophic gastritis

Surgery of the stomach or small intestine

Crohn's disease, celiac disease, bacterial growth, or a
parasite

Excessive alcohol consumption.

Graves' disease

Long-term use of acid-reducing drugs

16. Vit. B12 Deficiency Leads To….

Hyperhomocysteinemia

Cognitive function

Depression

Diabetic neuropathy

Fatigue, Joint pain (elbow)

Sickle cell disease

17. Recommended Dietary
Allowance
ge
Male
Female
0–6
0.4 mcg
0.4 mcg
months*
7–12
0.5 mcg
0.5 mcg
months*
1–3 years
0.9 mcg
0.9 mcg
4–8 years
1.2 mcg
1.2 mcg
9–13
1.8 mcg
1.8 mcg
years
Pregnanc
y
Lactation

18. Sources

Fatty fishes like cod, salmon,
tuna, sardines, liver, beef,
chicken and eggs.

Milk and milk products.

Fortified fruit juices and
cereals

19. How much will meet the
requirement??

Sheep liver provides 91.9μg of
Vitamin B12 whereas goat
liver provides 90.4 μg

100ml of cow’s and buffalo’s
milk gives 0.14 μg of B12

The raw yellow part of hen
eggs has got most of the
vitamin B12. It provides 1.8 μg
of B12 / 100gm

Mackerel is the best amongst

20. Calcium

Most important mineral for Bone and teeth health

Calcium helps in normal muscle contraction, blood
clotting, contraction of heart muscles

Expert groups say the number of osteoporosis
patients at approximately 26 million (2003 figures)
with the numbers projected to increase to 36
million by 2013
Ref: http://www.outlookindia.com 2004
Ref:Osteoporosis Society of India (2003) Action Plan Osteoporosis: Consensus
statement of an expert group. New Delhi

21. Requirements
Daily requirement:
Normal man&women400mg
Children(13-18yrs)- 600mg
It increases in pregnancy, adolescent age

22. Dairy Products

It is world wide known that all dairy products are
high in calcium.

Milk, curds, cheese, etc.Having low fat dairy
products will be more beneficial for overall health.

Cheese is the highest source of calcium which
gives 1376mg/100gm.
Having a cheese cube in 2 weeks is accepted.

23. Ragi
 Amongst all Cereals Ragi is the
richest source of Calcium

It provides about 344mg
of calcium every 100gms

Having Ragi 2-3 times
a weeks considered
beneficial

24. Nuts And Oilseeds

Sesame seeds provide most calcium when roasted
or dried. One tea spoon of sesame gives almost 88
mg of calcium

Almonds provide around 230mg /100gm and also
rich source of Omega3 acids

25. Soyabean

Soy products are naturally high in calcium, it also
contains boron and magnesium which are
Important for bone health

Soy contains isoflavones which inhibit the
breakdown of bones

Thus, soybean is beneficial in post menopausal
women for their bone health

Soy milk, Tofu are good in calcium

One needs to check for soy allergy

26. Fish

Enjoy having Fishes like Salmon not only for their
high calcium content but also for heart healthy
Omega3 fatty acids.

Having Fish 2 times a week shows wonders.
Remember method of cooking is important. Try
grilled, steamed instead of fried.