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1. Wind Energy I
Wind Energy I
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 1

2. Wind Energy I Basic information
Michael Hölling (Mike)
Email: michael.hoelling@uni-oldenburg.de
Room: W2-1-126
Phone: 798-3951
Office hours: Fridays 10:00 - 12:00
Prof. Joachim Peinke
Email: peinke@uni-oldenburg.de
Room: W2-1-129
Phone: 798-3536
Hendrik Heißelmann (Tutor for Exercises)
Email: hendrik.heisselmann@uni-oldenburg.de
Room: W2-1-122
Phone: 798-3643
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 2

3. Wind Energy I Basic information
Slides will be available on Stud.IP webpage and the corresponding link to this lecture shortly
after each class
https://elearning.uni-oldenburg.de
Literature:
E. Hau: Wind Turbines - 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin 2005 (also available in german, title
Windkraftanlagen)
T. Burton et al.: Wind energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001
J. Twele und R. Gasch: Windkraftanlagen, Teubner B. G. GmbH, 2005
J. P. Molly. Windenergie, Verlag C.F. Müller, Karlsruhe, 1990
On the internet:
http://www.windinformation.de/
DEWI: http://www.dewi.de/dewi/index.php
DEWI GmbH = Deutsches Windenergie-Institut (German Wind Energy Institute)
BWE: http://www.wind-energie.de (Bundesverband Windenergie e.V.)
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 3

4. Wind Energy I Class content
5 Wind turbines in
6 Wind - blades
general
2 Wind measurements interaction
7 Π-theorem
8 Wind turbine
characterization
3 Wind field 9 Control strategies
characterization
10 Generator
4 Wind power
11 Electrics / grid
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 4

5. Wind Energy I Class structure
Thursday 28.10.2010: 1st lesson - motivation for renewable energies
Monday 01.11.2010: Exercise I
Thursday 04.11.2010: 2nd lesson - wind measurements techniques - anemometers
Monday 08.11.2010: Exercise II
Thursday 11.11.2010: 3rd lesson - characterization of wind fields
Monday 15.11.2010: Exercise III
Thursday 18:11.2010: 4th lesson - wind power, Betz limit, power curves of WECs
Monday 22.11.2010: Exercise IV (skip or covered by someone else)
Thursday 25.11.2010: 5th lesson - (covered by Prof. Peinke) history of wind turbines, WEC design
Monday 29.11.2010: Exercise V (skip or covered by someone else)
Thursday 2.12.2010: 6th lesson - interaction of wind field with blade segments
Monday 6.12.2010: Exercise VI
Thursday 9.12.2010: 7th lesson - PI-theorem
Monday 13.12.2010: Exercise VII
Thursday 16.12.2010: 8th lesson - characterization of WECs using dimensionless quantities
Monday 20.12.2010: Exercise VIII Christmas
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 5

6. Wind Energy I Class structure
Thursday 06.01.2011: 9th lesson - WEC control - different strategies and operation points
Monday 10.01.2011: Exercise IX
Thursday 13.01.2011: 10th lesson - WEC electrics / generator
Monday 17.01.2011: Exercise X
Thursday 20.01.2011: 11th lesson - WEC electrics / generator
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 6

7. Wind Energy I Energy and Power
What is energy ?
kg · m2
Energy [Joule]: 2
= [J]
s
Different forms of appearances of energy, for example:
mechanical energy (work)
potential energy
kinetic energy
electrical energy
...
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8. Wind Energy I Energy and Power
Conservation of energy !
Energy can NOT be created or destroyed, it can only be
converted in another form of appearance.
E J
Power: P = = [W ]
t s
therefore
Energy: E = P · t [W · s]
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 8

9. Wind Energy I Energy and Power
Different units of energy and their conversion factors
from / to Joule Kilowatt hour Electron volt Kilopondmeter Calories
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 9

10. Wind Energy I Energy and Power
Numbers can become very big and very small
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 10

11. Wind Energy I Power consumption
Worldwide power demand: 15T W = 1.5 · 10 W , considering
13
6 billion people on earth leads to a power consumption of 2.5kW
per person
GDP = Gross Domestic
Product
German:
Bruttoinlandsprodukt
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 11

12. Wind Energy I Energy consumption
A power demand of 1.5 · 10 W in one year13
1a = 8760h = 3153600s
corresponds to an energy demand of
E = 1.5 · 10 W · 31536000s = 4.73 · 10 J = 0.473ZJ
13 20
Expressed in tons of coal as a unit for energy
1 ton coal = 29.3GJ = 29.3 · 10 J 9
Expressed in tons of coal as a unit for energy
4.73 · 10 /29.3 · 10 = 1.6 · 10
20 9 10
tons coal
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 12

13. Wind Energy I Power production
Resources for power production
year
Wind still < 1%
(worldwide)
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 13

14. Wind Energy I Resource oil
From “Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources 2005”, BGR annual report
BGR : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
Cumulative production : 143 Gt
Reserves : 161 Gt
Resources : 82 Gt
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 386 Gt
Remaining potential : 243 Gt
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 14

15. Wind Energy I Resource gas
From “Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources 2005”, BGR annual report
BGR : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
Cumulative production : 81 Tm3
Reserves : 179 Tm3
Resources : 207 Tm3
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 467 Tm3
Remaining potential : 386 Tm3
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 15

16. Wind Energy I Resource lignite (brown coal)
From “Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources 2005”, BGR annual report
BGR : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
Accumulative output : 45 Gt
Reserves : 207 Gt
Resources : 1024 Gt
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 1276 Gt
Remaining potential : 1234 Gt
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 16

17. Wind Energy I Resource hard coal
From “Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources 2005”, BGR annual report
BGR : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
Accumulative output : 204 Gt
Reserves : 746 Gt
Resources : 4079 Gt
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 5029 Gt
Remaining potential : 4825 Gt
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 17

18. Wind Energy I Efficiency
How much energy is stored in ALL fossil resources on earth ?
Oil: 386Gt = 16 · 10 J, with 1toe = 42 · 10 J
21 9
Gas: 467T m = 16 · 10 J, with 1000m = 34.6 · 10 J
3 21 3 9
Lignite: 1276Gt = 37 · 10 J, with 1ton coal = 29.3 · 10 J
21 9
Hard coal: 5029Gt = 147 · 10 J, with 1ton coal = 29.3 · 10 J
21 9
This adds up to 216 · 10 J = 216 · 10 W · s
21 21
that is (roughly) stored in all fossil resources.
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 18

19. Wind Energy I Future of resources
Quo vadis ?
?
?
?
year
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 19

20. Wind Energy I Energy consumption
10 to 20% is used for electricity
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 20

21. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
Jan. 2007: 383ppm
27% above the max
value of the last
400.000 years
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 21

22. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
more than 25%
above the max
value of the last
400.000 years
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 22

23. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
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24. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
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25. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
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26. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
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27. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
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28. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
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29. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
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30. Wind Energy I Environmental issues
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