2. 2
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SEED INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
⢠1947-1961 â No independent seed production and distribution system
⢠1961 â F&A Commission - West Pakistan Agricultural Development Corporation
(WPADC) was created for procurement and distribution of seeds
⢠1972 - WPADC dissolved
⢠Provincial Govt. - Seed production, multiplication, procurement and distribution
Seed Act, 1976
⢠Government of Pakistan initiated âSeed Industry Development Projectâ on the
recommendation of World Bank Appraisal Missionâs Report (23 Million $) which
provided legislative support through Seed Act, 1976
⢠This enactment provided regulatory mechanism for controlling and regulating the
quality seed through setting up of necessary institutional infrastructure;
- National Seed Council (NSC)/ Provincial Seed Councils
- *Federal Seed Certification Agency (FSCA) & *National Seed Registration Agency
(NSRA)
- *FSCA & NSRA were merged together as Federal Seed Certification & Registration
Department (FSC&RD) in 1997 for austerity measures
3. 3
Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock
(MINFAL) Islamabad
PrSC PrSC PrSC PrSC FSC&RD
Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Islamabad
PSC SSC DOA DOA
PrSC = Provincial Seed Council
PSC = Punjab Seed Corporation
SSC = Sindh Seed Corporation
DOA = Department of Agriculture
FSC&RD = Federal Seed Certification & Registration Department, Islamabad
National Seed Council (NSC)
4. 4
FUNCTIONS OF FSC&RD
(Section 6 of Seed Act, 1976)
1. Controlling the quality of seeds
2. Registering growers in such manner and subject to such condition as may
be prescribed
3. Certification of seeds
4. Field inspection of the crops of registered varieties and released varieties
intended for sale as basic seed or certified seed
5. Sampling and testing of seed lots intended for sale in order to as certain
their purity, viability, germination capacity and health status in the
prescribed manner
6. Issuing certificates in respect of seed which meet the prescribed standards
of particular category of seeds
7. carrying out post-control trials on pre-basic, basic and certified seeds
8. Sampling and analyzing seed lots delivered to the processing plants to
establish a basis for the purchase of such lots
9. Arranging training courses for Seed Certification Officer and
10. Providing technical and specialist advices and assistance to the National
Seed Council in the performance of its functions
(Continued)
5. 5
FUNCTIONS OF FSC&RD
(Section 8 of Seed Act, 1976)
11. Conduct pre-registration checking of varieties submitted for the
purpose of:
⢠determining suitability for registration as a variety
⢠providing definitive botanical description of crop varieties and
⢠providing information on genetic suitability and adaptability of
varieties
⢠register seed varieties after conducting pre-registration checking
under clause (i)
⢠publish a list of registered seed varieties and
⢠perform such other functions as the National Seed Council may
entrust to it
6. 6
FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL SEED COUNCIL (NSC)
1. Advice on policy for development, operation and regulation of provincial
seed industry
2. Direct initiation of provincial seed projects
3. Protect/ensure investment in seed industry, approve/ sanction seed
standards, regulate inter-provincial seed movement, advice on seed
imports
FUNCTIONS OF PROVINCIAL SEED COUNCIL (PSC)
1. Advice on policy for development, operation and regulation of provincial
seed industry
2. Recommend changes in seed law, advice on seed standards and quality
control, advice on maintenance, multiplication, supply of pure and
healthy seeds of new varieties, advice on development of seed
production farms, recommend and preparation of selected new
varieties, recommend or withdrawal of certain deteriorated varieties
7. 7
REGISTRATION OF SEED COMPANIES
(Economic Coordination Committee 31-12-1979)
An âInter-ministerial Working Groupâ has been constituted
that is responsible for evaluating the proposals and
registration/ deregistration of new seed companies in all the
provinces of the country.
The Working Group Comprises of the Following:
. Agriculture Development Commissioner (ADC), MinFA (CM)
. Secretary, Agriculture of each province.
. Secretary Agriculture, AJK
. Chief Food & Agriculture- Planning Division
. Managing Directors, Punjab & Sindh Seed Corporations.
. Director General, Federal Seed Certification & Registration
Department.
8. 8
FIELD/REGIONAL LABORATORIES SETUP OF FSC & RD,
1. Lahore.
2. Bahawalpur.
3. Bahawalnagar.
4. Bhakkar.
5. D.G.Khan.
6. Faisalabad.
7. Gujranwala.
8. Khanewal.
9. Multan.
10. R.Y.Khan.
11. Sahiwal.
12. Sargodha.
13. T.T.Singh.
14. Vehari.
REGIONAL DIRECTOR
PUNJAB
Deputy Director
Seed Cert. Officer/
Seed Analyst
REGIONAL DIRECTOR
BALOCHISTAN & SINDH
Deputy Director
1. Hyderabad.
2. Karachi.
3. Larkana.
4. Mirpur Khas.
5. Sakrand.
6. Sukkur.
1. Quetta
2. Dera
Allahyar
.
REGIONAL DIRECTOR
KPK
Deputy Director
Seed Cert. Officer/
Seed Analyst
Seed Cert. Officer/
Seed Analyst
1. Peshawar.
2. Abbotabad.
3. D.I.Khan.
4. Mingora
(Swat)
DIRECTOR GENERAL
ISLAMABAD
Seed Cert. Officer/
Seed Analyst
1. Gilgit-Baltistan
Total No. of Labs. 28
27 (Field)
01 (Hqr.)
9. 9
SEED SECTORS AND SEED & PLANTING MATERIAL
(Conventional, Hybrid, Transgenic seeds)
Seed
Sectors
Categories Crops/Seeds
Formal
Sector
Public Sector Wheat, Cotton, Maize, Rice, Gram, Vegetables,
Fruit and Nursery Plants
Private Sector
a. National
Companies
Wheat, Cotton, Maize, Rice, Gram, Vegetables,
Fruits and Nursery Plants
b. Multi
Nationals
Hybrid Maize, Sunflower, Fodder and Forages
c. Seed
Importers
Maize, Sunflower, Fodder and Forages, Potato
and Vegetables
Informal
Sector
Farmers Own
Source
Wheat, Cotton, Rice etc.
10. 10
SEED GENERATION SYSTEM
CATEGORIES/ CLASSES/ PRODUCTION/ IDENTIFICATION OF SEEDS
Category
/Class
Agency Involved Identification
Breeder
Nucleus Seed
(BNS)
The purest seed of a particular variety
prepared by the breeder of a particular
research station/institute
Not certified by FSC&RD so labels are
not issued. Identified by Seed Testing
Report/Certificate
Pre-basic
Seed
Progeny of Breeder/Nucleus Seed (BNS),
highest genetic purity seed produced by the
respective research institutes/breeders
White color labels with diagonal violet
line issued by FSC&RD
Basic Seed Progeny of pre-basic seed and produced by
an organization set up by the provincial
government
White color labels issued by FSC&RD
Certified
Seed
Progeny of basic seed and is produced with
the registered growers of the seed producing
agencies
Blue color labels issued by FSC&RD
Approved
Seed
Seed true to species as approved by the
FSC&RD
Yellow color labels issued by FSC&RD
Truthfully
Labeled Seed
As imported by the importers under Seed
(Truth in Labeling Rules, 1991) and assurance
of the quality lies on the importers
Pink color labels of importing agency
11. 11
TRADITIONAL VARIETY APPROVAL SYSTEM
⢠Selection of best performing strains by the plant breeder in Micro-
Varietal Trials (MVTs)
⢠Performance and Adaptability testing through Zonal Varietal trails
(ZVTs)
⢠National Uniform Yield Trials (NUYTs) by concerned National Crop
Coordinator of PCCC for cotton and NARC/PARC (other crops)
⢠Receive application, Spot examination, evaluation for performance,
quality and resistance etc. by Technical Experts Sub-Committees
(TESCs)
⢠TESCs recommend to Provincial Seed Councils (PrSC) for
approval/rejection of the variety
⢠Respective PrSC then Approves the Variety
⢠NSC finally notifies the variety as Released/Approved
⢠Registration of the variety by FSC&RD on the basis of VCU
recommendations by PCCC/PARC and DUS tests for at least two
consecutive seasons/years
12. NOTIFICATION
PARC PCCC FSC&RD
VEC VEC DUS
PROVINCIAL SEED COUNCIL
APPROVAL & RELEASE
NATIONAL SEED COUNCIL
2 YRS2 YRS
FSRC
VARIETY
REGISTRATION
SUBMITS
MICRO VARIETAL TRIALS
ZONAL VARIETAL TRIALS
SELECTS PROMISING STRAIN
SUB-STATIONS
GOVT. FARMS
ENLIGHTENED
FARMERS
BREEDER MAKES CROSSES
SELECTS PROMISING STRAIN
BREEDING
STATIONS
PARC PCCC
GERMPLASM GERMPLASM
ALL CROPS EXCEPT COTTON ONLY COTTON
MINFAL
14. 14
SEED LAWS/ RULES IN PAKISTAN
Sr Title of Seed Act/Rule Date of
Notification
1 Seed Act, 1976 1976
2 Seed (Registration) Rules, 1987 1987
3 Amendments in Seed (Registration) Rules, 1987 5-6-2003
4 Procedures, Directions and Seed Standards, 1988 1988
5 Pakistan Fruit Plants Certification Rules, 1998 28-2-1998
6 Amendment in Pakistan Fruit Plants Certification Rules, 1998 6-5-2003
7 Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991 12-3-1991
8 Amendment Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991 19-1-1998
9 Amendment Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991 12-10-1993
10 Seed Amendment Bill â 2009 Under process
11 Plant Breeders Rights Bill - 2009 Under process
15. 15
SEED (AMMENDMENT) BILL â 2009
To broaden scope of regulation business, enhance participation and
investment of private sector in seed industry and safeguard farmers
interest
1. Availability of Pre-basic seed to the private sector
2. Establishing Accredited Seed Testing Laboratories in private sector
3. Registration of Seed Companies/ Dealers and Processing Plants
4. Enhancement of penalties/fines for effective seed act enforcement
5. Restriction on unapproved/banned varieties and misbranding
6. Registration of the seed related Persons/ Organizations
7. Every Seed Dealer shall clearly display at his place of business the
sale prices of different crop seeds held by him including the
opening and closing stocks on a daily basis.
16. 16
PLANT BREEDERS RIGHT BILL - 2009
1. To encourage plant breeders/ seed organizations/multinational seed
companies to invest in research and plant breeding
2. Development of superior varieties of field, vegetable and
ornamental/horticultural crops
3. Healthy competition for variety development in public and private
sector
4. To facilitate an access to protected foreign varieties
5. Protection of local varieties abroad
6. Encourage state plant breeders through financial incentives as royalty
on their protected varieties and revenue generation for research
institutes
7. Discipline in seed industry
17. 17
NUMBER OF REGISTERED SEED COMPANIES IN PAKISTAN
(1980-2011)
Category Punjab Sindh KPK G.B B.tan Total
Public Sector 1 1 1 1 4
Private â
National
600 91 20 02 7 720
Private â
Multinationals
4 1 - - 5
Total Active 605 93 21 02 08 729
Cancelled 129 14 07 0 150
TOTAL
734 107 28 02 08 879
* Multinationals : Monsanto, Pioneer, ICI, Syngenta and Bayer
Source: FSC&RD, Islamabad
22. 22
CONSTRAINTS IN VEGETABLE SEED CERTIFICATION
SYSTEM
⢠There is lack of professional strength and incentives
to the vegetables research institutes
⢠Lack of efficient breeding programs, commercially
released varieties are either introduction or selection
from imported exotic germplasm
⢠poor availability of high quality early generation seed
in public sector for multiplication to basic and
certified seed by private sector
23. 23
ACTION PLAN FOR VEGETABLE SEED
PRODUCTION
1. Arrangement of elite germplasm from
International research institutes (AVRDC etc)
2. International cooperation in research for hybrid
vegetable seed research and production
technology
3. Trainings (3-4/anum) on vegetable seed
production technology, seed processing,
packaging, storage etc.
4. Joint ventures of national and foreign seed
companies for vegetables seed production
35. 35
FRUIT NURSERY PLANTS
⢠There is no fruit plant certification programme in the country except
KPK where a proactive programme of registration of fruit nurseries
and certification of fruit plants specifically of pome and stone fruits
has been initiated
⢠Three Germplasm Units (GPUs) for certification of fruit plants/
propagating material were set up in KPK for certification of tropical
(D. I. Khan), sub-tropical (Dargai, Swat), and temperate fruits/pome &
stone fruits (Baikan, Swat) shift to Haripur.
⢠More than 62 nurseries have been registered while about 27,000
certified plants were distributed through these nurseries during
2006-07
⢠Punjab Province has also initiated this project on citrus, peaches,
mango and date palm etc and has established 4 GPUs i.e. Khanewal
(Mango).
36. 36
GPU OF PUNJAB/GILGIT-NA/NWFP
PUNJAB
Sr.No GPU Name Location Varieties
1- Sub-tropical Fruit
GPU-Citrus
Mother Block, Mohammad Nagar Arif walla ,Agri-
Farm
36
2- Tropical Fruit
GPU-Mango
Mother Block, Khanewal Farm ,Agri-Farm 12
3- Sub-tropical Fruit
GPU-Citrus
Mother Block,SodiJai Wali Sargodha 25
4- Peaches GPU Mother & Multiplication Block. Horticulture Sub -
Research Station Khatwai Sargodha
12
Gilgit-NA area
1 Temperate Fruit GPU Mother & Multiplication Block
Agriculture Research Gilgit
Rootstock
Plantation(44)
NWFP-Province
1- Tropical GPU Mother+Multpication Block, Agri-Research
Ratakulachi D.I.Khan NWFP
2- Subtropical Fruit
GPU(Citrus)
Mother+Multpication Block, Agri-Research
Sherkhana âDargai NWFP
3- Subtropical Fruit
GPU(Citrus)
Mother+Multpication Block,Purrain Agri-farm
Haripur NWFP
44
4- Temperate Fruit GPU Agriculture Research Station Bafa Manshera 56
38. 38
⢠ACTION PLAN/ STRATEGIES
Establishment of an independent seed act enforcement wing, with all requisite infrastructure
is suggested, to effectively control sub-standard seed business activities and promote
certified seed business.
â Seed (Amendment) Bill 2009 and Plant Breeders Bill â 2009 are required to be promulgated to
accommodate the private sector for investment and research and seed industry.
To meet the modern era challenge we need to develop our human resource capacity through
foreign trainings especially in plant variety Registration , Plant Variety Protection Systems,
Fruit Certification System, GMOs Testing, Accreditation of Laboratories etc
Hybrid seed production projects of maize, sunflower, canola, fodders (sorghum-Sudangrass
hybrid, mazenta hybrid, bajra-napiergrass hybrid, hybrid Pearlmillet etc.) and vegetables etc.
should be initiated. Joint ventures of public research institutes and private sector seed
companies are a good option to promote hybrid seed
â Production of biotech seeds of various crops on local basis independently as well as through
joint ventures with foreign stakeholders should be promoted to encourage and popularize the
biotech seed industry
Fruit seed certification system should be extended throughout the country for production
and distribution of true to type and disease free fruit plants of improved varieties
39. 39
ContinueâŚ.
⢠The Testing results of such R&D based seed companies as official Testing
and be evaluated by some designated team visiting their trials.
⢠Seed dealers of multinational seed companies keep the record of their sale
in register to stop the black marketing and to avoid the role of middle man.
⢠Plant Quarantine laws/Rules be revised keeping in view the latest
requirements of international seed business and SPS measures.
⢠Provincial and Federal Research Institutes Facilitation for access to genetic
resources to R&D based seed companies under MTA.
40. 40
NATIONAL SEED POLICY
⢠National Seed Policy need to be developed to establish road map for Public
Private Partnership or Consortium model as develop by ICRISAT, India, where
private seed companies can jointly fund research that results in publically
available Inbred lines/ Parental material. ICRISTA is emphasizing more on
Pub-Pvt Partnership due to effectiveness of Private sector for transferring
results to farmers.
⢠National seed policy can define for contractual research by Public Sector
Research Institute and availability of inbred lines on exclusive rights basis.
⢠Public Sector Seed Corporation should confine to seed multiplication of high
volume and low value crops along with production of pre-basic seed to cater
the requirements of private sector.
⢠Restriction to MSC to transfer hybrid technology to Pakistan as was done in
India (3 years).
⢠It should facilitate acquisition of genetic resources from abroad by public
sector organization, evaluation in the country and then availability of targeted
germplasm to R&D based seed companies.
