...It's a typo... it's actually "2012-2013"...

1. Department of Health & Medical Services Dubai Medical College
LogBook
2011–2012
Name: Jumana Haider
ID: 20100124

2. Group No.:8
Health Care Center:
Al-Twar Health Care Center
Members of The Group:
Jumana Haider
AmalLahib
BashayerAbdullah
Nastran
RaghdaSaeed
Name of the Co-ordinators:
Dr. Shaima
Dr. Ashraf

3. Introduction to Communication Skills
Date: 25/9/2012
Dr. Shaima
A doctor should always start with introducing himself or herself to the patient, to gain more of
their trust. Eye contact throughout the entire session is important, as well as listening to what the
patient has to say to show them that the doctor cares.
Gaining the patient’s trust makes the history taking process much easier, which will help in writing
a better report.
Asking open-ended questions helps in taking better history but due to the limited time dedicated
for each patient (about 12 minutes) one can guide the patient to tell exactly what they are
suffering from.
There are many theories on History Taking, one of which includes S. Davis’ Theory:
1. Cause of attendance
2. Management of attendance
3. Management of acute problem
4. Health education
Cause and Management of Attendance:
After the greetings and introductions, the cause of attendance of the patient must be made
clear for the doctor to know how to proceed from then on. If required, the doctor might perform
some examinations on the patient, after taking their consent.
For Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, it is important to ask about smoking history.
Management of Acute Cause:
After all signs and symptoms are clear for the doctor, drug(s) may be prescribed as well as home
remedies, if available.
Health Education:
The doctor can educate the patient better about the disease they are suffering from, to raise
awareness about what they can do to limit its’ side effects and live a better life.
Other issues may be brought up, for example, if the patient is obese or a smoker, the doctor can
ask if the patient knows of its’ side effects on their daily life. If the patient is aware and
comfortable with the way they are, the topic is left to some other time; but if they mention that
they previously tried to stop it and improve their lifestyle, the doctor may include more
educational tips or even refer them to a specialist who may be able to help. This known as
“Opportunistic Health Education”.
Another theory for managing a patient, is the ICE theory:
I – Idea: of the patient about what they may be suffering from.
C – Concern: the patient’s concern regarding the disease [worrying over whether it would
develop, etc…]

4. E – Expectations [and Effects]: prescribing the medication, referral to other departments [if
required].
There’s also something known as “House Keeping”, where the patient is asked to visit again,
within 2-3 days, if their condition worsened. The Signs and Symptoms must be mentioned to warn
the patient.
The center follows the SOAP method:
S – Subjective: complaint of the patient as well as history taking
O – Objective: what the doctor sees on examination.
Proper examination must be done, as per the condition.
A – Assessment: Diagnosis
P – Plan: the doctor’s plan for the best treatment for this case. [Management, referral,
education]
Patient 1:
A 45-year-old female came suffering from the flu, with cough, watery eyes.
Previously she was given Zinat IV and some antibiotics which did not work. Other cough syrups
did not show any effect either.
She developed allergies to certain types of food, but her eye allergies go “way back”.
On examination, she had:
o Congested throat,
o Heart beast are normal,
o No abnormal lung sounds
o Ears are normal
o No lymphoid enlargement
Treatment:
o The patient was provided with an inhaler. She was told that if her symptoms improved,
then those are mainly signs of allergies.
o Home remedies: with breakfast, she can prepare a cup of warm water with 1 tablespoon
of honey and ½ a squirted lemon.
o She was also asked to prepare water and salt gargles.
o An anti-histamine was also provided
Patient 2:
A middle-aged female, came suffering from a sore throat along with headache and vertigo but
no cough, or a tingling sensation in throat.
She took Adol and her symptoms improved. But today, all symptoms relapsed.
She also suffered from earache, itching and blurred vision.
On examination:
o Tender lymph nodes
o Heart beat is normal
o Pus accumulation on eardrum.

5. Treatment:
o The patient was given an anti-histmaine o Cholesterol drug refill
o Anti-fungal cream o Vitamin D check up
o Gargles o Referred to an ENT specialist
o Adol o And was given a sick leave for the day.

6. Diabetic Clinic
Date: 17/10/2012
Dr. Alsheikh
I. Definition
 Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or cells
stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed
into the cells of the body.
 HBA1C level should be <7
 If >9 then the patient must be hospitalized
II. Types
 Type 1(Insulin Dependent)-Complete Lack of insulin
 Type 2(Insulin Independent)-insulin resistance
 Secondary (due to any other disease in the body, e.g. pancreatic and endocrine
diseases or may be drug induced).
 Gestational diabetes
III. Complications

7. IV. Treatment/Management
 Diet and lifestyle modifications(less sugar in diet and exercise)
 Regular Fundoscopy
 Foot care and foot examination
 Regular Screening of levels of HbA1C
Tests:
I. Diabetic Foot Check:
 Must inspect foot for any infection, ulceration, callus, swellings
 Check in between the toes for any abnormalities
 Ask the patient if they suffer of any pain
 Use the monofilament [for sensation], it must bend, try it on all toes, back
of the foot and sole of the foot
 Use the tuning fork to check for the vibration sensation
II. Glucose Blood Test:
1. Clean finger tip with alcohol and wait for it to dry
2. Take a new strip, unwrap, insert into the machine and make sure not to touch the end
where blood sample is to be put
3. Hold the tip of the finger till a good amount of blood collects [it turns red]
4. Prick the lateral side of the finger
5. Place blood drop on the strip
6. Note the reading
Normal Readings:
 Random: 80 – 120 mg/dL
 Fasting: 70 -110 mg/dL

8. Anatomical Landmarks
Dr. Ashraf
1. Neck:
Carotids; External/ internal jugular veins; Sterno-claido-mastoid muscle.
2. Chest:
- Heart and its valves, sternum & it parts (body, maniburumsterni, xyphoid process), ribs,
Clavicle.
- Midclavicular line, angle of Louis, axillary lines, jugular notch.
3- Abdomen:
- Regions (divide & check imp. Of each)
To examine; we need to make sure:
1- we are standing on the right side of the patient.
2- you must warm your hands

10. Vital Signs and General Examination
The Nurse in charge taught us about the vital signs and we later on, tried them among ourselves.
I. Pulse:
Quantity: Measure the rate of the pulse (recorded in beats per
minute). Normal is between 60 and 100.
Regularity: Is the time between beats constant?
Volume: Does the pulse volume (i.e. the subjective sense of
fullness) feel normal?
II. Blood Pressure:
 It is measured by using a sphygmomanometer
 The normal Bp
o Systolic (90-140mmHg)
o Diastolic (60-90mmHg)
III. Temperature:
 This is generally obtained using an oral thermometer that provides
a digital reading when the sensor is placed under the patient's
tongue or in the axillary area.
 Temperature is measured in either Celsius or Fahrenheit
 Fever defined as greater than 38-38.5 C or 101-101.5 F.
 Rectal temperatures, which most closely reflect internal or core
values, are approximately 1 degree F higher than those obtained orally.
IV. Respiratory Rate:
 Respirations are recorded as breaths per minute.
 They should be counted for at least 30 seconds.
 Try to do this as surreptitiously as possible so that the patient does not consciously alter
their rate of breathing.
 This can be done by observing the rise and fall of the patient's hospital gown while you
appear to be taking their pulse.
 Normal is between 12 and 20.
V. BMI:
The BMI is calculated as weight in kg divided by the square of height (in meters). The World
Health Organization has established guidelines for normal (18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-
29.9 kg/m2) and obese (>30 kg/m2) adults.

11. VI. WAIST AND HIP RATIO:
 A waist circumference (88 cm) in women and (102 cm) in men is associated with higher
cardio metabolic risk.
 Landmarks include:
1) the umbilicus,
2) the midpoint between the lowest rib and the iliac crest, and
3) just above the iliac crest.
 The waist is measured at the narrowest part of the waist, between the lowest rib and iliac
crest, and the hip circumference is taken at the widest area of the hips at the greatest
protuberance of the buttocks. Then simply divide the waist measurement by the hip
measurement.
 The WHO defines the ratios of >9.0 in men and >8.5 in women as one of the benchmarks
for metabolic syndrome.

12. Hypertension
I. Definition [according to the World Health Organization]:
It is a chronic disease of persistently high systemic arterial blood pressure. Based on multiple
readings, hypertension is currently defined as when systolic pressure is consistently greater
than 140 mm Hg or when diastolic pressure is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
 Normal blood pressure: less than less than 120/80 mm Hg
 Pre-hypertension: 120-129/80-89 mm Hg
 Stage 1 hypertension: 140-159/90-99 mm Hg
 Stage 2 hypertension: at or greater than 160-179/100-109 mm Hg
II. Causes:
 Unknown
 Alcohol intake
 Obesity
 Renal Disease
 Endocrine Disease (eg.Cushing Syndrome)
 Pregnancy
 Drug Induced
III. Risk Factors:
 Age over 60
 Male sex
 Race
 Heredity
 Salt sensitivity
 Obesity
 Inactive lifestyle
 Heavy alcohol consumption
 Use of Oral Contraceptives
IV. Complications:

13. V. Treatment/Management:
 Diet and life style modification(less salt and alcohol intake and physical exsercice)
 Regular cardiovascular screening
 Treat the underlying cause (if present)
 -Drug therapy:-
o Sympatholytics
o Alpha Blockers
o Beta Blockers
o ACEIs
o ARBs
o Calcium Channel Blockers

14. Bronchial Asthma
I. Definition:
a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by cough with mucus and difficulty in breathing.
II. Causes:
 Genetic predisposition (Family History)
 Triggering (environmental) factors
III. Diagnosis:
 History of cough, at night or, early morning
 Fever or, symptoms of any infections, history of allergy (eczema, rhinitis, family history, house
pets, environmental, drug induced)
IV. Examination:
-check for any lung wheezes
-reversibility test (peak flow meter), take deep breath then expire forcefully, if the reading is less
than 80% of the excepted so the patient is asthmatic, 3 readings of the test are done and a
standard is plotted according to the persons best.
V. Management and Treatment:-
 Avoid triggering factors
 Drug Therapy:-
o Bronchodilators (Beta Agonists,anticholinergics and Methyl Xanthines)
o Anti-inflammatory (Corticosteroids)
o Leukotriene Modifiers
o Mast Cell Stabilizers
 Provide an inhaler

15. Check for severity of Asthmatic Attack using:
Peak Flow Meter
1. Make sure the pt. is sitting with their backs straight or are standing [why?] to expand the
diaphragm.
2. Explain to the pt. [eg. They are new to this] what this “machine” is used for [check how
well their lungs function]
3. Ask the patient to take a deep breath
4. Make sure the patient’s lips seal the entry [so no gas escapes and to get a better
reading]
5. Ask patient to blow as hard and fast as possible
6. Ask patient to read the scale
7. Must repeat 3 times
8. Take the highest # of the 3
9. Compare results
Reading is compared to:
a. Personal reading
b. Expected reading
*Personal best is acquired after the pt. records readings for 14 days


16. Clinical skills Module Phase 2
Name of the center: Al Twar Health Clinic
Trainers: Dr. Shaima, Dr. Ashraf
To what extent this clerkship where useful:
very useful Average slightly useful Not useful
Were objectives clearly stated at the beginning of your training?
YesNo
Were the objectives achieved?
Fully Partially No
How well was the training program organized?
Excellent Very GoodGoodAverage
Please rate the trainer with respect to the following:
Excellent Very Good Good Average
A. Communication:
B. Capability/Knowledge:
C. Presence
D. Skills
What are the strengths of this Rotation?
The doctors in charge were very nice They explained everything we need to know and did
not complain when we visited the clinic on days other than those set/planned by the
college and I appreciate all the help they provided [to cover the objectives and to help with
our audit] and the extra effort they put in to help us make up on the rotations we missed.
What are the weaknesses of this Rotation?
The center was not aware of the purpose of our visits.
Recommendation for improvements