設計研究方法-觀察法 by Judy Liu & 陳羿蓓

1. 18032113 18032116
Observation
Method

2. ľȇ Ƚ© ǙDŽ Ŋɀ
aɃ
Ȧs
U×
Ė×
ÄP
ǘÃŔ
Observation
Method

3. ľȇ Ƚ© ǙDŽ Ŋɀ
aɃ U×
Ė×
ÄP
ǘÃŔ
Observation
Method
RȦ

4. Observation Method
@)
+nƄǘÃș€—fȷ£ƦɅ
ð¼ðǗ£ƦɄĮ3ǑŢǕǗ êƫ£Ʀ
2/44

5. Observation Method 3/44
@)
C
ƕ¹ëƄǘÃāƏƚƳÈ:ūŴǶƄǀȀɄ§Ƽť¸§ƄļF.Ʉı
ƤƩƄņǕ:ūƂŸƄȒƖƿ@WƄ‹ôƨķɆıƇƄ%ıǞwƄE@
ƄðǗ ¼ǘÃɄıĩȰX|ƕ¹` ȏnjɄȲ_Żð¼ƢŸÃǗ:ūƴÓ
)ıƇƄ%ıǞž*āĒǡǞƏƚG~ɄÈǘÃłĵ%ơ¥%ļFšğŔ[ĥƑƄǔơšȕđ

6. @)
1S
ǘÃƳȰÈ÷ǘÃ3ȼı«ĵ8ǚɄıĥƑǘÃƇƄãɄǘÃ
ĩǑ¿ǘƣƑɄ1ǧƧǠȠƿǘÃƇƄƉȤƄ:ÄɄĮµ”ĩqźŦƉ%
Ƞȴ%ȠÞƟ` Ȇ|
Observation Method 4/44

7. Observation Method 5/44

8. 3
)ıƇƄ%ıǞž*āĒǡǞƏƚG~ɄÈǘÃłĵ%ơ¥%ļFšğŔ[ĥƑƄǔơšȕđ
Observation Method
@)
1S3
ıƇƄ%ıïDZƄǘÃƿƏƚ
1
Ƒ½ĸVŴǶäEƂŸƄļF
ǧƧČȇ÷ǘÃƄŴǶ
2
ƕ¹ëmĶ1ǬĥƏƚłĵ
6/44

9. @)
1SOM
ǡǞƏƚȺªƄǘÃSźOĥƌƂŸƄ:ÄŴǶšƎǗ‹ôɄ
ĕȸŻ³Ȝ¿ǘ:Ä2Ʉȕđl“¾Ƅk©łĵ%ļF%ĩȣ%¨
Ƀ‡ȏnjǘÃɄEƏƚk©:ūƄŴǶƿiƂŸȒƖ
ǘÃ}MôƵŤĠ3ȼɄĆȧÕēɄ/ŢiCŴǶ÷mĚɄȬ2§ƪȕđ
Ƅłĵ-ɄùƺŰäȹijƄƏƚõĖ
Observation Method 7/44

10. @)
1S#W
ƑTǘÃĨ§Ƽť¸§ļF.ȏnjɄ/ƺÞȵǏǘÃÈǶ%@ö:ūƄÔñ
1
ǡŔ/ǴǘÃÈǶÃǗrň§ǏǘÃ
2
ƋÄǠȠíœɄ/ıðíDŽÝ%ZǓƿV@žµ
Observation Method 8/44

11. @)
1S#W
ƑTǘÃĨ§Ƽť¸§ļF.ȏnjɄ/ƺÞȵǏǘÃÈǶ%@ö:ūƄÔñ
3
ǏǘÃ:FȰțǐlŴɄĆȧŸ+ŴǶƄ/¿ǘë
ȡij%ȎƮ%‹ǒ¨ȏnjǘÃɄEŰƋÄŴǶ
4
Observation Method 9/44

12. ľȇ Ƚ© ǙDŽ Ŋɀ
aɃ U×
Ė×
ÄP
ǘÃŔ
Observation
Method
RȦ

13. Observation Method
T
WG(+!4
1 ƨĿǘà 2 ȪŃǘÃ
ƤƩëƄǘÃɄŢǩDZ:ūĵǼöǔ
âɄqźð¼ö` ɄÈ÷ȕƄŬ½ǘ
ÃÈǶɄËŬ½țɃȏnjıǞw%ƇƄ
ƄǘÃ1M¡ĺǧƧƄȜǠȠ
ȪŃƼƂëƄǘÃɄǘÃƇƄ/ĥƑɄ
ţŬ½ƄǘÃÈǶɄǠóƿĨĩȣĦı
ǫÑɄţŔǑőiƋÄëɆ±źOǮ
ĹÈ:ÄŴǶ÷äƄƎǗ‚Ƕ
)ıƇƄ%ıǞž*āĒǡǞƏƚG~ɄÈǘÃłĵ%ơ¥%ļFšğŔ[ĥƑƄǔơšȕđ
11/44

14. T
WG/??F4
1
2
½ijǘÃ
ȡijǘÃĤǠŔ%^ǠŔ
ǝ½ǘÃŇĜƿŎŇǘÃ4ĩȣȡ×Ʉ
§Ŭ½ĩŌȏnjǘÃ
§ȅȡƄĩijdȏnjıƤƩƄǘÃɄ+
ǂȡrĜħij%Ĝİ%öĜÖ
#Ÿū¹ÀȓŨĝ
«ĠCď6ÊűŭNjǁƖĩɄĭÅ.ǿȒ
+LJȶƄǘÃĤǠ!
Ǻ
Ğ¢dž¤ãmĶiƨķċÉlşǯɄ
ƴlŪ'ūƗŝ·(

15. +Ĭ
Observation Method 12/44

16. T
WG,4
1 eȳëǘÃ 2 țɃëǘÃ
ǘÃǡǞ@›§+½ĩijdå:ǡǞŖ
}ĩɄßʼn4ȣƄ;}ȤS
řŠÎȳØɄǘÃĩȣȡ
Ë÷ȕ3ȼɄƥȠǏǘÃÈǶ§+½
ĩijdȏnjĸŖ}Ʉ?öǦŖ}ȒƖ
2ƄĸŶƠöĜVŶƠ4njŢ
Observation Method 13/44

17. T
WG
4
1
2
ƤƩ4ƼťǘÃŔ
§+½ĩijdɄȡij0ıƤƩ¨ǘÃǏ
ǘÃÈǶ§Ƽťí®.[l4gȢnjŢɄ
1mȷƥȠinjŢ%ƥȠƟ
qź)ýÆûǍ*Projective technique
ǑőǏǘÃÈǶEƝ,@ƘƄğÚê
ƲɄĘȇ§ǘÃƳǡ½í®.ǦƝ,ƳƄ
njŢ
3 Yǡñ×
āŗǏǘÃƳÄMŬ½G~ɄċǯǏǘ
ÃÈǶñ×ɄiƒŻÄMǢíï
Observation Method 14/44

18. T
WG 4
1
2
Ĩ–ȉȒ2AūȏnjǘÃɇ
ƈĉǘÃɅƪŻð¼§:ãƂŴ­ƈĉǘÿɁ
ȣĉǘÃɅð¼ȉȒ` ǘÿɁɄöÈĸ:ƂŸãż.ƄƁȂɄ¶ŦũšȠÞƟɄȏnj
ċŜëƄǘÃ
ǘÃƳĨ–ˆƿǘÃÈǶƄŖ}ɇ
ˆƿǘÃɅ{cǘÃÈǶƄ¦Ɂ2ɄˆƿǘÃÈǶĤÔŖ}Ʉ1ǠȠinjŢƿŖ}ȒƖ
ȲˆƿǘÃɅ/ˆƿÈǶƄŖ}?/ÕȹiƂÍdzɄ¿ǘǘÃ1ǠȠinjŢƿŖ}ȒƖ
3 ǘÃƄÈǶƿŶ®Ĩ–ıļFĊsɇ
ÄȿǘÃɅÈǘÃŶ®%ÈǶ%™¥ļFƟdzȷġ{ĸƖ×ƄĊsɄĈŀށğÚǘÃ
ƼťǘÃɅÈǘÃÈǶ/{ĊsɄ§»eƼťļF.ǘÃ
Observation Method 15/44

19. ƤƩǘÃɅıƇƄ%ıǞžšǔâ¨ǘÃƿƥȠŬ½ĩȣdǘÃÈǶƄnjŢ
ȪŃǘÃɅť0ţƇƄ%Ǟž¨ƂŴ:Ä19EƥȠǘÃǺĞŢũȳ/»ěƄ‰ţƤ
ƩɄƕ¹ëK
Observation Method
T
WG 4
4
5
Ĩ–ıƇƄöǞžȏnjǘÃɇ
ǘÃƄĩijƿȻųɇ
þłǘÃɅ³ĜȜłĵƄōɁ2þŒDžÕłĵȏnj½•ǘÃɄ€ÿĩȣ%­÷šȨŌþł
ȈȃǘÃɅÈǘÃÈǶƄƂÍƿşdzȒƖȏnjȡij½ȷǘÃ
)ıƇƄ%ıǞž*āĒǡǞƏƚG~ɄÈǘÃłĵ%ơ¥%ļFšğŔ[ĥƑƄǔơšȕđ
16/44

20. ľȇ Ƚ© ǙDŽ Ŋɀ
aɃ U×
Ė×
ÄP
ǘÃŔ
Observation
Method
RȦ

21. WG
āǘÃƳƿǏǘÃÈǶţȤɄÈĠǏǘÃÈǶƄnjŢƿ:FƄƂ
Í/´{GLÞȵ7/ˆƿGLŖ}Ʉ£ƴƺŰäȲÔƋÄƄƝ+øǺĞ
Observation Method 18/44

22. 5H
ǘÃƳ/•ǏǘÃÈǶȉȱƼÒĨƏƚƳƄȄmɄNJŻǖƼˆƿǏ
ǘÃÈǶ÷ȏnjƄŖ}Ʉ§ĢLjĨǘÃrǏǘÃÈǶ4’ȷnjŢ
Observation Method 19/44

23. WG5H
ǘÃƳ•ǏǘÃÈǶȉȱƼÒƏƚƳƄȄmɄ1NJŻˆ{Ŗ}ȒƖ
ȏnjǘÃɄƨķǘÃrƄ:ūːƺ/²k©
Observation Method 20/44

24. 5HWG
ǘÃƳ•ǏǘÃÈǶȉȱƼÒƄȄmɄ1ƿǏǘÃÈǶeƖh”
ˆƿŖ}Ʉ§;ƉàƄŖ}2ȏnjǘÃ
Observation Method 21/44

25. ľȇ Ƚ© ǙDŽ Ŋɀ
aɃ U×
Ė×
ÄP
ǘÃŔ
Observation
Method
RȦ

26. V
ǘÃŔ€—åǘÃŞ]ǾƈƽŰäǘÃƨķƄeȘȒƖɄǡǞƏƚģĨǐȮ
ƄƓįƏƚŖ}ɄǑňƑŒeȳ¨ąĎƏƚȒƖ1/ÁĦɄƴǘÃŖ}‰Ĩ
i2ljȬƀv:ÄƄǃğ
Ƒ½dÁ vưŞ]ÏM ǘí÷Ƅȕđƿȏc
ȕ½ơ¥
ǘÃƿǠȠdÁ ěŵǘÃƨķɄÙƛŅĻ ǺĞmĶƿǤȚ ĐÅǘì˜
Observation Method 23/44

27. V
K,
ǘÃƄƇƄ§ĠǘÃĥȾƄnjŢdzŠ/”ÄȿdzĜůƛdzĜ
ŐŞŮœ÷ÛǾƄ‹ôdzĜƉQdzĜ4dzíÜɄ19ǧƧ
ƄƥȠ£3ȼ/”ɄǘÃdÁįı÷ÑpɄȋԐmŢɅ
1
ǪǜnjŢ ȲǪǜnjŢ 3 ȤSŮœ
ǏǘÃÈǶ§rļFȦs
ãɄ÷ǎŴlÈ:ūƄǪǜ‹
ôŠiźEǎȓƄǣǪ
2
ǏǘÃÈǶ§rļFtšã
ƄǎŴɄĨEÜɁŢ3Ƅ}M
njŢ
ǏǘÃÈǶ§rļFtš
ãɄ÷ǎŴlƄ@ƿ@%@ƿ
:%@ƿūƄȤSŮœšĔdz
Ɩ×
Observation Method 24/44

28. V
OL9
1
ĩȣŒł ­ªŒł 3 ȨŌŒł
ǘÃŬ½ĩȣd÷Ƃ
ŸƄnjŢŴǶ
2
ǘÃŬ½­ª2lŴ
ƄnjŢŴǶ
ȝÈĸ+ȨŌĩȣơ
¥ɄȏnjŬ½ƄǘÃ
4 ȈȃǘÃŒł
ÈǘÃłĵȏnjȡij
ë%ƤƩëǘÃɄE
8ǚiƂÍƄ»ěȒ
Ɩ
Observation Method 25/44

29. V
BA8
1 ǘÃÏj 2 ǡǞǘÃǠȠǎ
ǡǞƏƚ2ÔÔNźŴDƄ`
Ȇ|ǘÃ4ȏnjƿƥȠ
觀察內容
時間取樣
場面取樣
對象編號
行為、現象表現
ǘÃƥȠǎnj:ǑƢĥ%ƨĿśĽ%
ĦĠNź
Observation Method 26/44

30. V
WG:OMH
1 ȕđǘí÷ 2 ȏcǘí÷1ŰäǏǘÃÈǶƄUǽ
ƆȜȕđŒäǵÂǺĞ%ƏƚƳ
ȔźƄǘí÷Ɇ7ƲòȕđƼ
Ò/áŧìƄǘí÷ɄETĀė
ȞƄðǗ
§ȕ½ǘí÷EãɄƏƚƳǑŒ½ELƗǙDŽȏc
ǘí÷ĨƏƚƳ§ȊğȳƄõzɄŒŒĠƏƚ
ƳƄƪȿƿȪŃôdzƄĵȺ
Observation Method 27/44

31. V
WGH2P,
ǘÃƏƚƄ«ĵÏjĨƞǠŠÄ¨ǘÃĤǨɄ1QǘÃíœNźȆ|ÏjŠ
ŀŞǠȠǎ{çǠȠȌ×[µǠȠƄŬŋûÐǬĥ¶.
1 /ǑȒĠƉUƼÒƄǠóy 2 mŌƥȠ 3 ƥȠ+nƧƠ
Observation Method 28/44

32. :FƂŸƄƹī%ĩȣ%¨Ƀƿ3Ǒ@ū4ƥȠ
Ŗ}2Ƅ3Ǒ@ū4ǺǟɄŷƽŢŎVțǑ@ūŸůǡƛŅĻ
Observation Method 29/44
V
N6WG=%
R0
ǘÃãƆçěŵǘÃǠȠɄŢ8úlƺƄǡǞŁÚƿ:ūŠ§Ƅ
ïƱɄȰǑÙƛƄŅĻƗȽɄôQĒƏƚëǼŠǺĞmĶƄȰǑƴ½ŅĻ
ƗȽ+ǂEmŢȽ
1
ƹīŅĻ
2
@ūŅĻ
3 ĝŲŅĻ
ƏƚȒƖ2÷NźƄ+nǺĞ4ƇȠ
4 ƈĉŅĻ
ƏƚƳÈŴ­íīƄČȇɄƿƷrƄÈǥ4jɁdÁ
5 mĶëǺĞ
ƏƚƳ§ǘÃȒƖÈ:ū%:Fö@ūƄmĶɄöƳÈ’ƗȤS÷jıƄïƱƄŵǚ

33. V
E.HDU
ƏƚƳȰǑ§ǠȠ÷äǺĞ2ɄĂćlƉ”ɃšÑſɃɄEijƺÈǏǘ
ÃÈǶƄnjŢMleȳ0ŞƑƄČȇ
ƏƚƳȰƆƺQÈǏǘÃƄ:ū%:Fö@ūȤSƄŵǚMŢ«ƒɄ[¿
ǘǬĥŠǤȚ+ǂƴǜÈǘÃǺĞƄǤȚmŢ,VŊɀȏnj
ÇǺĞdÁ1ư ǤȚǺĞdÁ 3 ǤȚ%îŔƿǘèƄƶƭ
ȏnjƬ•ƿń•Ƅŏȅ
1
ÈǺĞǻ9ȔƀƄƓį
šęƸïƱ
2
ÇiǤȚ%îŔƿǘèƶƭɄ
EeȳüĎƂŸƄíœ%ºW
÷ÍŴƄȤSŠïƱ
Observation Method 30/44

34. V
JIWG;
eȘǘÃȒƖƿǘÊmĶ÷äƨǯɄȎ”ÙDzĐÅõ¬˜ɆĐÅĩɄƏƚ
ƳôȖb.oŮœɅ
3ǘZǓ
ǘÃƳƺįåƼÒǩŢıïƱƄğȳOǚȚǘÃłĵƄnjŢɄNƏƚƨ
ǯƯ5¿ǘë
†£ǫÑ
ǘÃƳƺįƢŸüĸ+V£ƦƀMŽ+V£ƦŹŸƄ†£ɄéŽ8ƺ
ȗıiC†£¸§ɄȊłįNƨǯƢŸ
Š§ǫÑ
ǘÃƳƺ_QĒǘÃǺĞƄmȽË[lƨǯɄ£ʼnôBƧņĹȜǎƄň
Ƒë
Observation Method 31/44

35. ľȇ Ƚ© ǙDŽ Ŋɀ
aɃ
RȦ
U×
Ė×
ÄP
ǘÃŔ
Observation
Method

36. QS
ƈĉë
ƈĉĉǛ÷ǘÃƄǺĞɄjıƋÄ0Ɲ+øƄǺĞ
í®ë
§ƼťŮñ.ÄġɄŰäƼťí®.ƄǘÃɄjı+½Ƅ¿ǘë
Šĩë
ƺĄărǏǘÃÈǶň§ƂŸƄŴǶɄ÷ŰǺĞƅŢƀ.ƂŸƄ
ƬǸë
ȅȡĩȣƄ‹ǒǘÃƿȈȃǘÃɄÈǶnjŢŠ}ñşdzɄȏnjƬǸëȁëmĶ
Īȑë
Ȕźơ¥³ɄØŕȐźƓį%Ƽťƕ¹Əƚ
Observation Method 33/44

37. *
ǏǘÃÈǶƄȦs
Ȕ“ǘð§ƄnjŢɄȅ/Ȕ“Zµ%ñ×%ïǓƟd§îŔƏƚ
ǘÃƳƄȦs
țǐǘÃ%æŵ£Ʀ%3ǘïDZƄÞȵɄáȯ[r¿ǘ
ǘÃơ¥ƄȦs
”ĩijłĵĜ/±ɄȔ“Êłĵ4ƏƚɄ‹4ȰǑ³Ȝłĵuȸ§/
”ĩȣ%¨Ƀȏnj±ŇǘÃ
ǘÃļFĊs/ǃĩĦÞȵ
§ƼťŮñ.ƄǘÃɄƯ5¡ǰļFƿţȤdzĜŚȮ2ɄȍõƨķZ
ÑɄNäU×ȥK
Observation Method 34/44

38. ľȇ Ƚ© ǙDŽ Ŋɀ
aɃ
RȦ
U×
Ė×
ÄP
ǘÃŔ
Observation
Method

39. $
U× $āȜÌƙ½ëƿ+ƾë
ŵǯ-G+JǡǞƏƚÏM§ƉHƄǘí÷ƿÈǶɄǘÃƏƚƨķ
ôǦƉH
Observation Method 36/44

40. -$
'7
dȘĖ׏ƺźȜŜğŔ×ȜłĵƄƖ×ɄǘÃƏƚ+ǂjıȅɂƄ
dȘĖ×
Observation Method 37/44

41. -$
'7
ǘÃƏƚƄ°ȘĖ×+ǂȅKɄȋԏƺÇǘÃƏƚƨķƄdȘĖ
×ɄȦ½§ǘÃƏƚƄÄȩơ¥4dɄƴ/ƺËǘÃƏƚƄƨķ[lıĖƄ
ċǯ°ȘĖק+½Ɩ×-ƿU×ıȤ
1
2
ǘÃƏƚƄƨķɄĨ«ĠV@ǘÃƿȜ×Ʉƨķ/”ƄǘÃƏƚƳ;Ɖč
l/ƉHƄǯɃɄ;ƉƍƊ10ȳƻǦEœƨǯŢ«Ş
ǘÃƏƚààĴĈŒþłƄȒƖɄ?/ŀށƄȜÌɄı=³ǔŁƄǘÃ
ƏƚȭťıþłɄ…±ĈȲŃųþłɄNōɁţŔ9E»ěƄ½Ʊ
Observation Method 38/44

42. ǘÃƏƚƄ„ǮĹšÄȿƏƚ/”ɆÄȿƏƚ„ǮĹ+ǂjıȅɂƄU×Ʉ
IiĖ×ȅKɆƴǘÃƏƚàà/jɂU×ɄĖ×…ȅɂ
ƚƜȕŒœ+ƗğŔɄäǕƏƚƳƄǭȼ%ƪǹ%ĩȣO[Œ½
Observation Method 39/44

43. ľȇ Ƚ© ǙDŽ Ŋɀ
aɃ
RȦ
U×
Ė×
ÄP
ǘÃŔ
Observation
Method

44. ƃǷg‘@ëǡǞ4Əƚ
xIJȫ
¤ƛɂȫƝ+ƕû³¹njȟƿŘȋǘƔ÷ɄƐ¯ǯĝ
L
Observation Method 41/44

45. ¿VvŠ
~£¦½l— mµŽ ]p‹Í±¿VvŠ
»¿VXÉ
œÊÒ[
¿V S
ÜX‹Í±Ð̹Œ¶ÏF¾'ÁÀ
àáç×¹¿V
£¦ç*i
(1)Ò[ÏF‹Í±Ð̹Œ
¿V£¦
(2)ÏF„¤©­¿V£¦
(3)œÊÏFag—ä_
¿V
A£¦¬
()Ò[ÏF‹Í±Ð̹Œ
¿V£¦¬
1.™yà¶ÐÌtÐÌ@à8‡6áç^E™yàŒ22$Þ
2.ÏF
72%‹Í±{µÐºçhj^E4çµÐº|8~9çÐÌ
t‰‘1:2
L
ƃǷg‘@ëǡǞ4ƏƚɈxIJȫ
¤ƛɂȫƝ+ƕû³¹njȟƿŘȋǘƔ÷ɄƐ¯ǯĝ 42/44

46. 3.——.¬Œ46%ç’ÛŒ49%
4.åQ^E¬§yàŒ51¥çА(7)-34.3%ç5±-
65.7%
5.ÏF
åQ×#(®ç™U_›’ ^E’ÉçÒ[0·w—;,ÑØW
_ ÓçÖfŠÝ/–•nore
()ÏF„¤©­¿V£¦¬
1.3œÊ!2ƒZk¤Ú¯zGŒag29.8%熌â‚26%çâÂ18.2%
2.k¤„ÃCb
çCÁÀ-90%çuNÁÀ-10%
3.DÕ%_vã:´LR8C
çˆL¶L5y#’±çzSx$ÕçJ
”ÁÀÝÅ‘zæQ}
c/ËÎR5C
m—VIPçåQ|ÔæÄ
¢ç²:C P—})18C
})1})/=¸«4zÙ
4T·C
çß+…Mž¨
«4zç²*¼ºÁÀ
ŠÈåQ|rÕÇ
L
ƃǷg‘@ëǡǞ4ƏƚɈxIJȫ
¤ƛɂȫƝ+ƕû³¹njȟƿŘȋǘƔ÷ɄƐ¯ǯĝ 43/44

47. L
()œÊÏFag—ä_
¿V£¦¬
1.˜dH¸Y¸—‰‘Œ1:4ç—H¸ÔY¸yàG6
2.˜dKa—^EyàŒ46¥çIdŒ90¥çªŒ1:2ç9°B`

48. HO/B I•
¹(³ŸÆ€¬¡š
3.»¿VXɘIagÁ¯‰‘Œ1:1.7ç4“Á¯‰‘eŒ1:3çq?yeÙ_Æs
‰‘
ƃǷg‘@ëǡǞ4ƏƚɈxIJȫ
¤ƛɂȫƝ+ƕû³¹njȟƿŘȋǘƔ÷ɄƐ¯ǯĝ 44/44

49. Thanks!