Historical development of education and pedagogy

2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION
Education begin in the
earliest prehistory
Adults trained the young in the
knowledge and skills deemed
necessary in their society.
PRE-LITERATE SOCIETIES (BEFORE
WRITING):
Educational goals: to teach
survival skills and group
harmony
Students: Children Instructional
Curriculum: Practice hunting,
fishing, songs, poems,
dances.
Methods: Informal and children
imitate adults
Agents: Parents, tribal elders,
religious leaders
Influence on education:
Informal, transmission of skills

3. EGYPT
Schools existed in Egypt at the
time of the Middle Kingdom. The
priests were the most highly
educated segment of society.
ANCIENT GREECE
It contributed a lot to our
way of thinking about the
concept of education.

4. PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE
SOCRATES
He developed a method of teaching
called the Socratic method, whereby
the teacher asks a series of questions
that lead the student to a conclusion
PLATON
ARISTOTLE
He believed that the aim of education
was to develop an individual's
abilities to better serve society.
He believed that knowledge exists
independently in the world as
opposed to Plato's belief that ideas
are the ultimate reality

5. THE DARK AGES
It was a period of little progress in
human learning, at least in the
western world.
The Church sought to control the
education of the common people
and denounced the study of
philosophy as contradictory to its
teaching.
It began in northern Europe and Italy
and spread throughout the rest of the
Western world.
RENAISSANCE
It signaled a renewed interest in
the Greco-Roman traditions of art,
literature and reviving classical
learning known as humanism.

6. Age of Enlightenment
The 18th century became
known as the Age of
Enlightenment or Reason
because of a rebellion of the
intellectuals against superstition
and ignorance
VOLTAIRE
He helped elevate formal
education and bring about
a new interest in learning.
PHILOSOPHERS
DESCARTES
He influenced the
development of
education because of his
belief in human's ability
to achieve truth through
reasoning

7. 20th CENTURY EDUCATION 21th CENTURY EDUCATION
• Education in the fields of psychology and
sociology increased
• Education started being considered as a field
• In 1920s in America individual education was
emphasized, in the east socialist education was
popular (Marx influence)
• Since 1980s constructivist, multiple intelligence,
brain based learning and life based humanist
learning gained importance.
A 21st century education is about giving
students the skills they need to succeed in
this new world, and helping them grow the
confidence to practice those skills.
SKILLS
Ability to
collaborate, work in
teams
Critical thinking skills
Ability to use
technology
Ability to conduct
research to learn about
issues
Chance to learn
about new career
opportunities
Oral presentation
skills

8. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY
ORIGEN
Pedagogy made its appearance on the
educational scene to improve
techniques and methods to transmit
knowledge
Primitive communities used pedagogical
ideas, when they applied techniques and
methods to obtain provisions
The oldest teaching methods are found in
the Ancient East (India, China, Persia,
Egypt) as well as Ancient Greece.

9. ANCIENT GREECE ROME
Roman methods on which education
was based:
Trivium: grammar,
rhetoric, logic
Quadrivium:
arithmetic,
astronomy,
geometry, music
The role of ‘teacher’ can be traced
back to Ancient Greece, with
Socrates in the 5th Century BC as
the keystone of what we now
consider to be modern education.

10. TRADITIONAL PEDAGOGY
"Traditional" pedagogy
began in France in the
17th and 18th centuries.
This is characterized by
the consolidation of the
presence of the Jesuits in
the school Institution
It was founded by San
Ignacio de Loyola.
Latin was the spoken
language
School was the first social
institution
Galileo Galilei, Rene Descartes, Isaac Newton
and Rousseau exerted a powerful influence on
pedagogy

11. MODERN PEDAGOGY
IDEALS OF MODERN
PEDAGOGY
1. The collaboration between teacher
and student
2. Outdoor school
3. Incursion of women in educational
activities
JOHN DEWEY
Dewey talks about how children learn
best when they interact with their
environments and actively participate
with the school curriculum

12. CONTEMPORARY PEDAGOGY
The different pedagogical approaches could be
broken down into four categories: behaviourism,
constructivism, social constructivism, and
liberationist.
BEHAVIOURISM CONSTRUCTIVISM
SOCIAL
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Behaviourist pedagogy is
the theory that the
teacher should be the
sole authority figure, and
leads the lesson
Constructivism is a
theory that people learn
through experiences
and reflection.
It is based on the
pedagogical research of
Piaget
Vygotsky developed
social constructivism
The pedagogy of social
constructivism could be
considered a
combination of two
priorities: teacher guided,
and student centered.
It came from pedagogical
research by Thorndike,
Pavlov and Skinner

13. Liberationism is a critical
pedagogy developed by the
Brazilian educator, Paulo Freire
A liberationist approach is
one where the student voice
is placed at the centre, and a
democracy is put into the
classroom.
LIBERATIONISM