Indicators for Aquaculture

1. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean
Comisión General de Pesca para el Mediterráneo
Regional workshop on the identification of reference
points for economic, environmental, social and
governance indicators on aquaculture
Spanish Case Study

2. Table of contents
FOESA Foundation
• Stage 1: Definition of sustainability indicators
• Phase 2: Indicators for Mediterranean sea cage aquaculture
• Phase 3: Assessment of sustainability of aquaculture in Spain
• Phase 4: Sustainability Strategy for Spanish Aquaculture
• Phase 5: Strategic Plan
Considerations
Javier Remiro, Director
Cristina Garcia, Technician
(2010- 2013)
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
The process: studies and stages

3. Governing Board: Public Foundation
Main Goals!
 Platform to analyse and monitor the aquaculture
development in Spain.!
 Reference point to the scientific, technology and
industry community. !
 Promote Spanish aquaculture internationally.!
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
 Promote aquaculture image and its products
through the social community.!

4. According to FOESA
definition
….Regarding that a sustainable system or process must
take into consideration future generations
development…!
interactions based on best practices and the use of
responsibly resources, encourages socio-economic
development where it is being developed, integrates
harmoniously with other activities and generates
employment,
e n s u r i n g
its
v i a b i l i t y
and
sustainability over time."
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
sustainable aquaculture considers environmental

5. The process: stages and document
Definition of Sustainability Indicators in
Mediterranean Aquaculture
•
2
Sustainability indicators for floating cages in
the Mediterranean Marine Aquaculture
• 3 Assessment of Sustainability
of aquaculture in Spain
• 4 Strategy for Sustainable
Development of Aquaculture
Spanish (EDSAE)
5
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
•
1

6. "Defining sustainability indicators in the field of
Mediterranean aquaculture.”
Sustainable indicators are defined in order to conduct an assessment on the
sustainability of Mediterranean aquaculture, but testing firstly in Spain.
•
This assessment is based on reduced indicators covering the environmental, economic
and social dimensions of aquaculture, all dimensions are under the eye of
governance.
•
In total 3 indicators per dimension with their reference number have been obtained.
•
The group of indicators has been selected based on a set of criteria independent of
area, species and time (wide range of application now and in the future).
•
The indicators are defined for 3 levels orientated to farmers, (regional) or countries and
the Mediterranean region.
•
The selection of indicators was agreed by a group of experts on several workshops
and meetings.
•
Indicators were tested in Spain using surveys straight focused to all policy
stakeholders/civil servants and main producers associations.
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
•

7. 3l x 3d x 3in!
Multidisciplinary
workshop:
economic,
environmental &
social groups!
Once identified
indicators
criteria and
principles were
selected (EVAD,
InDAM)!
*Rey-Valette, H., Clement, O., Aubin, J., Mathé, S., Chia, E., Legendre, M., Caruso, D., Mikolasek, O., Blancheton, J.P., Slembrouck, J.,
Baruthio, A., Rene, F., Levang, P. & Morissens, P. 2008. Guide to the co-construction of sustainable development indicators in aquaculture.
EVAD project, Cirad, Montpellier (France), 144 p.
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
PCI
methodology*
formula &
standard with
scores!

8. PRINCIPLE!
Strengthen4consumer4responsive4
a n d4 m a r k e t4 o r i e n t e d4
ECONOMIC!
aquaculture!
CRITERION!
Level4of4markeCng4and4
promoConal4acCviCes4!
Improve4 risk4 management4 Level4of4product4
capabiliCes!
diversificaCon!
S t r e n g t h e n4 t h e4 fi n a n c i a l4 L e v e l4 o f4 e c o n o m i c4
management4of4the4company!
performance!
INDICATOR!
1. Market4oriented4aquaculture!
2.4DiversificaCon4of4goods4and4
services!
3.4EvoluCon4of4the4exLfarm4price4!
1. Food4Conversion4RaCo4(FCR)!
ENVIRONMENTAL! Maintain4the4goods4and4services4
that4the4ecosystem4provides4to4
aquaculture!
Level4of4ecological4
footprint!
2.4ImplementaCon4of4an4
Environmental4Monitoring4
Program4(EMP)!
3.4Fulfilment4of4codes4of4good4
pracCce!
1. Perdurability4or4employee4
Quality4of4the4employment!
turnover4rate4!
Transparency4and4
2.4CommunicaCon4effort!
communicaCons!
Use4of4best4pracCces!
Strengthen4corporate4social4
responsibility!
SOCIOLTERRITORIAL! Strengthen4the4role4of4producer4
organizaCons4in4improving4the4
image,4social4awareness4and4
responsibiliCes4!
Level4of4transparency!
3.4RelaCons4between4employees4
and4management4!
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
DIMENSION!

9. PRINCIPLE!
CRITERIA!
INDICATOR!
1. EvoluCon4of4aquaculture4
Promote4a4market4oriented4
aquaculture4industry!
Increase4research4and4development4
capabiliCes4and4innovaCon!
Level4of4naConal4research4
competence4!
2.4Investment4in4RTD4and4
innovaCon4in4aquaculture!
Promote4sustainable4development4in4
the4sector!
ECONOMICS4
Market4approach!
Level4of4commitment4with4
sustainability!
3.4Security4of4investments4!
total4producCon4value!!
1. Existence4of4well4defined4
Strengthen4insCtuConal4capaciCes4in4 Level4of4naConal4recogniCon4of4
environmental4aquaculture4
policy,4program4and/or4
relaCon4with4sustainable4development! sustainable4development!
strategy4!
2.4Existence4of4common4criteria4
for4an4Allocated4Zone4for4
ENVIRONMENTAL4 Maintain4the4goods4and4services4that4 Level4of4aquaculture4
Aquaculture4(AZA)4or4site4
the4ecosystem4provides4to4aquaculture4! interacCons!
selecCon4process!
Minimize4the4global4impact!
Level4of4carbon4footprint!!
3.4Carbon4footprint4index!
Contribute4to4naConal4development4!
SOCIOL
TERRITORIAL4
Employment4and4working4
condiCons4in4the4aquaculture4
sector!!
1.4QuanCty4and4quality4of4
employment!
Strengthen4the4organisaCon4and4
idenCty4of4the4sector4!
Importance4of4training4in4
aquaculture4!
2.4NaConal4aquaculture4training4!
Strengthen4insCtuConal4capaciCes4in4 Level4of4naConal4recogniCon4of4 3.4Existence4of4aquaculture4
relaCon4with4sustainable4development! sustainable4development!
naConal4strategy!!
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
DIMENSION!

10. José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture

11. Sustainability indicators for floating cages
in the Mediterranean Marine Aquaculture
Main goals.
2.
To provide the decision makers and the aquaculture producers with a
technical tool and advice on the processes of sustainable aquaculture
development adapted to the Mediterranean context.
3. To increase awareness in the sustainable use and management of the
social, economic and environmental resources available in order to obtain
a sustainable balance in the management of the activity.
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
identification of
1. The definition and a farm/ business, indicators, capable of measuring
sustainable aquaculture at
national and Mediterranean level.

12. Methodology:
3(levels) x 3(ind) x 3(dimen)
3 indicators per dimension and level= 27 indicators
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
For each of these three levels, the
pillars or dimensions of
sustainability have been
considerate: Socio-territorial,
economic, environmental aspects.

13. José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture

14. José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
List of indicators used for assessment.
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture

15. DIMENSION!
PRINCIPLE!
CRITERIA!
INDICATOR!
1. EvoluCon4of4aquaculture4total4
ECONOMICS4
Promote4a4market4oriented4
aquaculture4industry!
producCon4value!
Market4approach!
2.4EvoluCon4of4the4aquaculture4products4
consumpCon4!
3.4Existence4of4market4tools!
Minimize4the4global4impact!
Level4of4footprint!
2.4Existence4of4naCve4and4lowLtrophic4
species!
3.4Ecological4and4carbon4footprint4index!
Strengthen4the4organisaCon4 Importance4of4
1. Mediterranean4Governance4and4Social4
and4idenCty4of4the4sector4!
iniCaCve4development!
Networks!
SOCIOL
TERRITORIAL4
Develop4informaCon4systems! Access4to4aquaculture4 2.4Existence4of4an4informaCon4system!!
informaCon4systems!
Contribute4to4Mediterranean4 Social4integraCon!
3.4Aquaculture4employment4diversificaCon!
development!
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
Maintain4the4goods4and4
Level4of4aquaculture4
ENVIRONMENTAL4 services4that4the4ecosystem4 interacCons!
provides4to4aquaculture!
1. Existence4of4common4criteria4for4an4
Allocated4Zone4for4Aquaculture4(AZA)4or4
site4selecCon4process!

16. José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture

17. José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
A simple system as a traffic light type¡
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture

18. Available in Internet

19. Year 2011:
"Assessing sustainability of aquaculture in Spain.”
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
An important effort was made contacting every Spanish
policy stakeholder and civil servant spread into the 19
Spanish regions making sure they read and answered to
the indicators survey at national level.
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture

20. 1) Environmental: inputs/outputs, energy and fulfillment of
environmental standards;
3) Economic: ex-farm price per kg/total cost per kg produced, selfsufficiency and number of products on sale.
The results showed some of the economic indicators were difficult to
obtain as farmers are always reluctant to give economic data.
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
2) Social: existence of preventive policies, local employment and
existence of communication mechanisms;

21. Methodology: for national level
indicators used were:
1) Environmental: regulation of feed supply and the capture of seeds,
existence of EIA and fulfillment of environmental standards;
3) Economic: % of foreign capital in the aquaculture sector, investment
in RTD and number of licenses. Spanish aquaculture jurisdictions are
given to the regions, therefore legislation differs between them
depending on the level of aquaculture development.
…indicator scores up to 5 points:
-
5
-
4
-
3
-
2
-
1
sustainable,
nearly sustainable,
approaching sustainability,
far from sustainable and
unsustainable.
Final sustainability assessment can reach
a maximum of 45 points being:
- 0-45 sustainable,
4
- 0-35 nearly sustainable,
4
- 5-25 approaching sustainability,
3
- 25-20 far from sustainable and
- 20 unsustainable.
<
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
2) Social: quality of employment in aquaculture, degree of
associationism and existence of workers unions;

22. José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture

23. Year 2012:
Based on the work done before and the results achieved it was
developed the "Strategy for Sustainable Development of
Aquaculture Spanish" which includes an analysis of the initial
situation and industry developments on the horizon, 2030 is
undertaken and brand guidelines that will serve the development of
the national strategic plan of the Spanish aquaculture.
Strategic lines
Environmental
management
Actions
Strategic Plan
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
"Strategy for Sustainable Development of
Aquaculture Spanish"

24. •
•
•
Promote the sustainable development of aquaculture in Spain.
To contribute to the economic and social developmetn on rural
and coastal areas in which aquaculture is or could be developed in
the future.
To promote the protection of natural resources and ecosystem
values of those areas
MISSION
Spanish Aquaculture lead in 2030 aquaculture in the European Union in
terms of production and gain more weight in economic terms, reinforcing
its dynamic role in rural and coastal areas through job creation and ensuring
consumer products the highest quality and sustainable processes
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
Indicators and assessment of sustainability were the base to built the Plan.

25. Strategic4issues/Strategic4DirecCves(EU)
1. Simplification of
adminsitrative
procedures.
2. Coordinated Teritorial
planning
Training system
SOCIOTERRITORIAL
R+D+i
Organizational and
Legal Framework
Sectoral Planning
Health and animal
welfare
ENVIRONMENTAL
3. Strenght of
competitivenes.
Environmental
Management
4. Enancement of balanced
competition conditions.
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
Image of the sector

26. José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
Pluriannual Strategic Plan For Spanish Aquaculture
www.planacuicultura.es
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture

27. Main considerations
on indicators and their utility for assessment sustainability of
aquaculture¡¡…
 FOESA has developed four projects or stages to arrive to final output that was
Strategic Plan: from indicators to Strategic Plan.
 Regarding to INDICATORS, one of key topic in simplification in number of them and
dimensions considered.
 The methodology in data collection should be established in order to get real and
objectives results (interviews, questionnaires, on-line methods, etc)
 At the end, indicators will be use for agents or stakeholders as an assessment tool ¡¡
Regional workshop on the identification of reference points for economic, environmental, social and governance indicators on aquaculture
José Carlos Macias, Aquaculture Consultant
 The exercise to assessment the sustainability was a first pilot project to test the
indicators at country level, and the result show, among the others things, the path of
grow and the path to improve the sustainability of aquaculture in Spain.

28. teşekkürler