Description and portability of cloud services with USDL and TOSCA

Description and portability of
cloud services
with USDL and TOSCA
Jorge Cardoso
Dept. Engenharia Informatica/CISUC
University of Coimbra
Coimbra, Portugal
jcardoso@dei.uc.pt

// 22 August 2012 //

Department of Informatics
IT Management & Consulting
University of Hamburg, Germany

2012 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 1

Topics
• Motivation for business services

• Service modeling with USDL

• Portability of services with TOSCA

• Putting together USDL and TOSCA


Research on services
• Software and IT perspective
– SOA, ITIL, WSDL…

• Sales, communications and business
models perspective
– Marketing, pricing, channels, …

• Design perspective
– Blueprinting, personas, customer journey, …


Software and IT perspective
• Service architectures
– SOA and SoaML

• Best practices
– ITIL and CMMI for Services

• Service description languages
– WSDL , OWL-S, and WSMO

• Business-oriented descriptions
– e3value, e3service, business models

SoaML

OWL-S
WSDL
Services as _functions_
Services as _business_

ITIL
e3value

_Business services_

Consulting IT Services Cloud services

Manual Semi-automatic Fully Automated

IT Service modeling

• Service Strategy
• Service Design
• Service Transition
• Service Operation
• Continual Service
Improvement

Project with Portugal Telecom: _Plug-and-Process_
Services driven by ITIL processes


Service Engineering


Service Engineering
/2013/ _New Master degree on IS/IT Service Management

• Service modeling
• People-centric services
• Product-centric services
• Process-centric services
• Service level
• X as a Service
• Orchestration and
choreography
• Service networks
• …


Driving forces

2012 Unified Service Description Language 10

Why Standards?

⇦ Defined Contracts
General Requirements Standards benefits

⇦ Speed through Reuse
 Outsourcing

⇦ Insurance against Failure
 Agility

⇦ State-of-the-Art Services
 Cost Savings

⇦ Vendor Neutrality
 Quality

⇦ Interoperability
 Vendor Neutrality
 Interoperability

Adapted from Cloud computing, Bala Rajaraman, IBM Distinguished Engineer,


Seeing services as products?
_Paradigm shift
_Models,
_Laws and
_Specs

1. Business perspective adopts a service-dominant logic
2. ICT perspective adopts service-oriented modeling to
enable automate


Modeling services
• Common vocabulary
• Structure for vocabulary
• Multidisciplinary
• Complex
• People, information and technology
• Service system
• Internal and external

• USDL
– Unified Service Description Language


*-USDL family
• a-USDL/2009
– Initial version of USDL ready in 2009.
– Later renamed to a-USDL (pronounced alpha-USDL).
– http://www.genssiz.org/research/service-modeling/alpha-usdl/

• USDL/2011
– A W3C Incubator group was created USDL was adapted and
extended based on industry feedback at the end of 2011.
– http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/usdl/

• Linked-USDL/--
– In order to make the specification gain a wider acceptance, a version
called Linked-USDL emerged using Semantic Web principles Iits
development is still in progress.
– http://linked-usdl.org/


WSDL vs USDL

Made for c omputers (S O A) Made for people (IoS )

Addres s P rovider P rotocols
P ort C ons umer Addres s
T ec hnic al
Arguments B undling P orts
D ata type Marketing us ines s
B T ec hnic al …
WS DL L egal US DL
…
…
O perational O perations
F unctionality
R es ources
…


http://www.genssiz.org

http://www.genssiz.org/research/service-modeling/alpha-usdl/

/Data model/
/Schema/
/Vocabulary/


http://www.linked-usdl.org/

www.internet-of-services.com


Example http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/


:pricing_EC2_Small_EU_Windows_ReservedInstance_Light_1yr a price:PricePlan ;
dcterms:description "Price plan for a 'Small' EC2 Reserved Instance in Europe with Windows, light utilization and a one year
contract duration."@en ;
price:hasContractDuration
@prefix price: <http://www.linked-usdl.org/ns/usdl-pricing#>
[ a gr:QuantitativeValue ;
gr:hasValueInteger "1" ;
gr:hasUnitOfMeasurement "ANN" ] ;
price:hasBillingCycle
[ a gr:QuantitativeValue ;
gr:hasValueInteger "1" ;
gr:hasUnitOfMeasurement "MON" ] ;
price:hasPriceComponent
:priceComponent_Small_EU_Windows_ReservedInstance_Light_1yr_General_Upfront ,
:priceComponent_Small_EU_Windows_ReservedInstance_Light_1yr_General_Hourly ,

:priceComponent_Small_EU_Windows_ReservedInstance_Light_1yr_General_Upfront a price:PriceComponent ;
dcterms:title "General costs upfront"@en ;
dcterms:description "One-time fee for general usage of the instance."@en ;
price:isLinkedTo
…
price:hasPrice
[ a gr:UnitPriceSpecification ;
gr:hasCurrency "USD" ;
gr:hasCurrencyValue "69" ;
gr:hasUnitOfMeasurement "C62" ] .

:priceComponent_Small_EU_Windows_ReservedInstance_Light_1yr_General_Hourly a price:PriceComponent ;
dcterms:description "Hourly fee for general usage of the instance."@en ;
price:isLinkedTo
:resource_EC2_DataCentre_EU ,
:resource_EC2_Windows ;
price:hasPrice
[ a gr:UnitPriceSpecification ;
gr:hasCurrency "USD" ;
gr:hasCurrencyValue "0.069" ;
gr:hasUnitOfMeasurement "HUR" ] .

Core


<#service_EC2_Small> a usdl:Service ;
dcterms:created "2012-05-18"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2012-05-22"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:title "EC2 instance 'small'"@en ;
usdl:hasNature usdl:Automated ;
usdl:hasProvider :provider_Amazon ;
usdl:hasLegalCondition :legal_Amazon ;
usdl:hasPartMandatory <#service_Support_Basic> ;
usdl:hasPartOptional
<#service_Support_Bronze> ,
<#service_Support_Silver> ,
<#service_Support_Gold> ,
<#service_Support_Premium> ;
gr:quantitativeProductOrServiceProperty
:resource_EC2_Small_MainMemory ,
:resource_EC2_Small_ComputeUnit ,
:resource_EC2_Small_Storage ;
gr:qualitativeProductOrServiceProperty
:resource_EC2_Small_IO ,
:resource_EC2_PrivateIP ,
:resource_EC2_PublicIP .

:resource_EC2_Small_MainMemory a cloud:MainMemory ;
gr:hasUnitOfMeasurement "4L" ;
gr:hasValue "1700" .

:resource_EC2_Small_ComputeUnit a cloud:CPU ;
gr:hasUnitOfMeasurement "A86" ;
gr:hasMinValue "1.0" ;
gr:hasMaxValue "1.2" ;
gr:valueReference
[ a cloud:NumberOfCores ;
gr:hasValue "1" ] .


SLA


:slp_Support_Silver a usdl:ServiceLevelProfile ;
dcterms:title "Bronze support service level profile" ;
sla:hasServiceLevel :slo_Support_Silver_ResponseTime .

:slo_Support_Silver_ResponseTime a sla:GuaranteedState ;
dcterms:title "Response time" ;
sla:serviceLevelExpression
[ a sla:ServiceLevelExpression ;
dcterms:description "Maximum period in which response
is sent."@en ;
sla:hasVariable :var_Support_Silver_ResponseTime ] .

:var_Support_Silver_ResponseTime a sla:Variable ;
rdfs:label "Fastest guaranteed response" ;
sla:hasDefault
[ a support:ResponseTime ;
gr:hasValue "4" ;
gr:hasUnitOfMeasurement "HUR" ] .


Legal @prefix legal: <http://www.linked-usdl.org/ns/usdl-legal#>

:legal_Amazon a legal:TermsAndConditions ;
dcterms:title "Amazon Web Services LLC's legal statements"@en ;
dcterms:description "Amazon Web Services LLC's legal statements are accessible at
'http://aws.amazon.com/legal/'. Please consult this website for further information"@en ;
legal:hasClause
[ a legal:Clause ;
legal:name "AWS Customer Agreement" ;
legal:text "http://aws.amazon.com/agreement"@en ] ,
[ a legal:Clause ;
legal:name "AWS Services" ;
legal:text "http://aws.amazon.com/serviceterms"@en ] ,
[ a legal:Clause ;
legal:name "AWS Acceptable Use Policy" ;
legal:text "http://aws.amazon.com/aup"@en ] ,
[ a legal:Clause ;
legal:name "AWS Trademark Guidelines" ;
legal:text "http://aws.amazon.com/trademark-guidelines"@en ] ,
[ a legal:Clause ;
legal:name "AWS Sites" ;
legal:text "http://aws.amazon.com/terms"@en ] ,
[ a legal:Clause ;
legal:name "Privacy Policy" ;
legal:text "http://aws.amazon.com/privacy"@en ] ,
[ a legal:Clause ;
legal:name "AWS Tax Help" ;
legal:text "http://aws.amazon.com/tax-help"@en ] .


Standardization
• W3C Standards
– HTML, Ajax, HTTP, XML, WSDL, …
– + USDL (?)
– http://www.w3.org/

• OASIS Standards
– TOSCA, USSI, WS-*, ebXML, …
– + USDL (?)
– http://www.oasis-open.org/

• OMG Standards
– BPMN, UML, CORBA, XMI , …
– + USDL (?)
– http://www.omg.org/


TOSCA


TOSCA Goal


TOSCA
• Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications

• Service Template
– Topology (structure) and the orchestration (invocation and
management behaviour) of an IT Service.

• Automation (semi)
– Creation and management of the service

• Decoupling
– Supplier creating the service from any particular cloud provider and
the technology hosting that service

• Goal
– Compose a service once and play on any cloud


Service Template
• Node Types
– Building blocks of application
– Management functions these
building blocks

• Relationship Types
– Relations between these building
blocks

• Plans
– Procedures to manage the
application

• Group Template
– Collection of node types and
relationship types
– For reuse purposes


Service Template
Topology Template Node Types
Node Type

Interfaces
type for

Properties
Relationship
Template
Relationship Types
Relationship Type
type for

Properties
Node
Template Plans

Group
Template


Plans » Nodes
• Task of a plan refers to Create Cluster
interface of a topology node … …

• Node specifies all interfaces
offered to manage it WebSphere Cell …
– Interface is bound to a
concrete implementation

• Implementation
– Available at providers side, or
Script
– Copied from somewhere, or --------------
--------------
--------------

– Standardized Cloud Interface
--------------
--------------

(Iaas, PaaS, SaaS) is used, or ...


Overview
Topology Orchestration (Plans)

How ...
----
----
With ...
OVF ---- ----
----
OVF
OVF
---- ----
BPEL EAR (EJBs,…) Scripts----
---- Workflows

The business logic of the The images of the (Existing) scripts used by (Existing) workflows used by
application, e.g. EJBs, middleware (DB2, task of plans to manage subprocess-tasks of plans
JSPs, JPEG,… Websphere,…) required the cloud application
to run the application
Tobias Kunze, Red Hat, TOSCA & The Government Sector

The Service Template
<ServiceTemplate …>

<Extensions/>?

<Import />*

<Types/>?

(
<TopologyTemplate/>
|
<TopologyTemplateReference/>
)?

<NodeTypes/>?

<RelationshipTypes/>?

<Plans/>?

</ServiceTemplate>


USDL & TOSCA

2012 USDL roadmap 40

The_Goal = /USDL + TOSCA/
4. Browse
and Select

6. Use
5. Provision

Service Instance

3. Publish

Service Template
2. Create

1. Create


TOSCA and USDL
Different conceptual goals

TOSCA USDL
Describes the structure of an Describes the functional and non-
application and its management functional requirements, capabilities,
(which is executable) and interfaces of an application

Goal: Goal:
Portability and full- Description of the interfaces and
automated management of properties of an application to make it
applications searchable, comparable, and
tradable


TOSCA and USDL

TOSCA USDL

Functions Pricing
Bindings Legal
Operations Service Level
… …
Topology Management Plans Interfaces & Non-functional
functional capabilities
capabilities


TOSCA and USDL

TOSCA USDL

Functions Pricing
Bindings Legal
Operations Service Level
… …
Topology Management Plans „New WSDL“
Interfaces & „New WS-Policy“
Non-functional
for any services
functional for any services (with
capabilities
capabilities domain-specific
Modules: Pricing,…)

TOSCA and USDL
Combination of both concepts

Functions
Interfaces &
functional Bindings
capabilities Operations
…

Pricing Topology Management Plans
Non-functional Legal
capabilities
CSAR
Service Level
…

2012 USDL TOSCA 45

TOSCA and USDL
Combination of both concepts
Declarative
Declarative Imperative
Functions
Interfaces &
functional Bindings
capabilities Operations
…
Declarative

Pricing Topology Management Plans
Non-functional Legal
capabilities
CSAR
Service Level
…

2012 USDL TOSCA 46

USDL to support TOSCA-based
marketplaces

TOSCA
Container

Cloud Provider
Marketplace

2012 47

<> rdf:type usdl:ServiceDescription ;
rdfs:label "SurgarCRM description" ;
dcterms:title "SurgarCRM description" ;
dcterms:description "Description of SurgarCRM (www.sugarcrm.com)
cloud-based system to show the integration USDL-TOSCA." ;
dcterms:contributor
[ a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name "Jorge Cardoso" ;
foaf:firstName "Jorge" ;
foaf:lastName "Cardoso" ] ;
dcterms:created "2012-08-14"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2012-08-18"^^xsd:date ;
owl:versionInfo "002" .

:SugarCRM_Edition a rdfs:Class , skos:Concept ;
rdfs:subClassOf gr:QualitativeValue ;
skos:prefLabel "SurgarCRM Software Packages Editions" ;
skos:editorialNote "SurgarCRM declares their editions as qualitative measure
in the categories: Professional, Coporate, Enterprise and Ultimate." ;
skos:narrower
:SugarCRM_Professional ,
:SugarCRM_Corporate ,
:SugarCRM_Enterprise ,
:SugarCRM_Ultimate .

:SugarCRM_Professional a rdfs:Class , skos:Concept ;
rdfs:subClassOf gr:QualitativeValue ;
skos:prefLabel "SurgarCRM Software Packages Edition Corporate" ;
skos:broader :SugarCRM_Edition ;
skos:narrower :SugarCRM_Corporate .

End


Description and portability of cloud services with USDL and TOSCA

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