Mapping and monitoring water and sanitation infrastructure
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Presentation from mWater co-founder, John Feighery, to the World-Wide Human Geography Working Group in May 2020.
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Mapping and monitoring water and sanitation infrastructure
- 1. Mapping and monitoring water and sanitation infrastructure John Feighery, PhD john@mWater.co Webinar - May 20, 2020 World-Wide Human Geography Data Working Group
- 2. Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 • Accessible on premises • Available when needed • Safe - free of contamination
- 4. We need to move away from costly, inconvenient, and unsafe private infrastructure…
- 5. …to well-managed public infrastructure and sustainable services.
- 6. Safely managed water (SDG6.1) means moving from Water Points to Water Systems…
- 7. Water and sanitation services are stuck in a ‘spiral of decline’ in many countries Gains made in access to improved water and sanitation are at risk due to poor sustainability of services, urbanization, and global climate change. The global WASH sector does not have enough funding to meet the 2030 SDG targets for safely managed water and sanitation. To attract new sources of finance and provide sustainable services, we need to: • Manage public assets and resources better • Professionalize operations and maintenance • Identify innovative new models for delivering services at lower cost • Collect fees and demonstrate financial accountability All of this requires data Lack of revenue due to poor service quality Service quality decreases Users invest in private infrastructure instead Revenue decreases Adapted from Galaitsi et al. 2016
- 8. The mWater approach: Data-driven management of water and sanitation services Over 73,000 users in 175 countries use mWater to map, monitor, and manage infrastructure and services. 7 million sites mapped and 400k surveys submitted per month.
- 9. The mWater technology platform Free and easy-to-use mobile data collection, analytics, and mapping • Mobile App (Android / iPhone / web) • Web portal for survey design, data cleaning, and visualization • ‘No-code’ custom web and mobile app- building tools for developing Management Information Systems Fully hosted in secure cloud servers, with no setup or maintenance required Data is private by default and owned by users Optional features to share some or all data for collaborative sector monitoring 9
- 10. Open access business model • All software features are free to the end user with costs supported by revenue from paying clients • Large organizations and programs invest in new features that become available to everyone • No ongoing software fees, hardware to maintain, or IT specialists required • Sustainable data systems handed over to governments and stakeholders at the end of program mWater investors include:
- 11. Tanzania: Mara BasinWater Abstraction and Permitting (link1, link2)
- 12. Permitting enables management and allocation planning
- 13. Malawi: National water point asset inventory
- 14. Malawi: National database used to coordinate emergency cyclone response (link)
- 15. Haiti: COVID-19 Emergency Response • DINEPA reassigned water technicians (TEPACs) who were previously trained to use mWater mobile app to monitor public hygiene stations across the country • WASH in health care facilities rapid assessment • Minimal travel required by the network of local technicans • Data automatically analyzed according to theWHO / UNICEF WASHFIT indicators
- 16. Kenya, Ethiopia, andTanzania: UNICEF / LIXIL sanitation market shaping partnership monitoring system • Call center in each country makes monthly calls to suppliers to gauge sales • Youth citizen volunteers (college- educated under-employed local youth) carry out on-demand data collection in their own communities in exchange for a stipend • Indicators reported in real-time through public facing website: unicef-lixil.mwater.co Community Health Volunteers Customer Satisfaction Centre Youth Citizen Reporters Suppliers Registered Customers Mobile surveys Mobile surveys Phone calls
- 17. Challenges faced in mapping and monitoring water infrastructure • Status quo in 2020: • Monitoring tends to be donor-driven and NGO-led • Top-down rather than ground-up • Technology focus leads to hype cycles – big data, AI, machine learning, block chain… • Technology is not the limiting factor – we need to build human capacity -> people and processes • Funding for monitoring is lacking due to unfunded policy mandates and lack of fee collection • Lack of data collection and use by service providers leads to loss of revenue and poor service
- 18. Future directions for mWater Commercial Accounting OperationsMaintenance Asset management Knowledge and training Data systems for service providers and management authorities Building knowledge and skills for a data-driven culture Local community-based and remote data collection
Hinweis der Redaktion
- We all know what the aspiration expressed in SDG6 is: piped water into homes.
- But unfortunately, due to the pressures of rapid urbanization, the water services that billions of people are faced with are expensive, inefficient, inconvenient, and unsafe. Bottled water services such as the example from Haiti, on the top left, are popular because in general they are much safer than other local alternatives. But this comes at a high cost. And people use the costly bottled water for drinking and cooking only, while continuing to use unsafe water from wells or springs to wash their hands, bathe, and clean the dishes. Most cities in developing countries already have a piped water network, but due to lack of investment and maintenance, many systems leak more water than they deliver, and most are rationed according to a schedule. This requires people to store large amounts of water, which is expensive and leads to contamination. And in places where groundwater is available, millions of women and girls still spend a large part of their day collecting and transporting water to their homes. These surface water sources are very unsafe due to the lack of adequate sanitation. In recent surveys 70-80% are contaminated with fecal bacteria.
- Poor countries can build, operate, and maintain high quality public services. That’s how the United States, Europe, and more recently Korea and Japan built their water and sanitation systems – with public investment in infrastructure, paid for by user fees and public finance. Everyone in this slide has a full-time job providing a vital service to their community. Note that everyone in the last slide had at least a part-time job providing water for their own family.
- In the beginning of the mobile data revolution, the sector was mostly focused on water point mapping. But often these national mapping efforts ignored the piped water networks that existed in many cities. There were too many private connections to visit and it was difficult to get accurate up to date data from under-resourced water utilities. But we have been working with our clients and our partners, including the ministry of water in Haiti, to create features in our mobile app for mapping piped water networks and monitoring the status of the pipes and the private connections. When you overlay this data on a water point map, you see a much different picture. Utilities in low income countries exist in many cities and towns but they usually only serve a small portion of the population, due to urbanization and lack of investment. In the third panel, we have overlaid the Facebook / CIESIN 30 meter population density grid. Now we begin to see what it will really take to get all of the people using safely managed water services. The utility might view all those grey squares where people live but aren’t connected as a potential source of new revenue, but only if they actually make money on each new connection. In reality, this utility and many in developing countries is operating at a loss. This brings us to the real problem preventing 2 billion people around the world from enjoying the benefits of a piped water connection into their home.