Life Education of Rizal

1. SHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS
AT
ATENEO De MANILA

2.  4 months after the execution of Gom-Bur-Za
and with Doña Teodora still in prison
 Jose, was sent to Manila
 He studied in the Ateneo Municipal
 Under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits
 Bitter rival of the Dominican-owned
College of San Juan de Letran

3.  Formerly Escuela Pia (Charity School)
 Established by City Government in 1817 for
poor boys in manila
 1768 Jesuits expelled from Philippines
 Returned to Manila in 1859
 Later, became Ateneo de Manila

4. Rizal Enters the Ateneo
 June 10, 1872 - Entrance Exam
 Father Magin Ferrando, College Registrar
 Manuel Xerez Burgos, (nephew of Father Burgos)
 He use “Rizal” as his surname instead of Mercado
 Boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on Caraballo
Street, (25 mins. away from college)
 Titay (a spinster) owned the boarding house, and owed
the Rizal’s family the amount of P300

5. Jesuit System of Education
 Promotes physical culture, humanities, and scientific studies
 Vocational courses on agriculture, commerce, mechanics and surveying
 Religiously operate the school
- mass every morning
- classes/subjects are open & close with prayer
 Students were divided into two:
Roman Empire – Internos (boarders)
Carthaginian Empire – Externos (non- boarders)

6. Each empires had its Ranks:
 Best Student – Emperor;
 2nd Best – Tribune;
 3rd Best – Decurion;
 4th Best – Centurion;
 5th Best – Standard Bearer;
 Student could challenge any officer in his “empire” to answer questions on
the day’s lesson
 Failure to answer correctly (3) times, an officer could lose his position

7.  Uniform
“hemp-fabric trousers” and
“striped cotton coat”
 Coat material was called “rayadillo” –
famous uniform of Filipino troops
during the 1st Philippine Republic

8. Rizal's First Year in Ateneo (1872 - 1873)
 June, 1872, first day of class in Ateneo
 Fr. Jose Bech, first professor of Rizal
 He was an externo and was assigned to Carthaginians
 At the end of the month he became "emperor"
 He was the brightness pupil in the whole class
 He took private lessons in Santa Isabel College and paid three pesos for extra
Spanish lessons
 He placed seconds at the end of the year although his grades were marked
"Excellent"

9. Summer Vacation (1873)
 March 1873, Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation.
 His sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought him to Tanawan to cheer him up
 Visited his mother in prison at Santa Cruz without telling his father
 After vacation, he returned to Manila for his 2nd year term in Ateneo
 He boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes Street
 Dona Pepay was his landlady, an old widow with a widowed daughter and 4
sons.

10. Second Year in Ateneo (1873 – 1874)
 He repented having neglected his studies the previous year
because he was offended by the teacher’s remarks.
 Rizal studied harder, and once more he became an
“emperor” after losing his class leadership
 He had 3 classmates from Binan who had also been his
classmates in the school of Maestro Justiniano
 At the end of the school year, he received excellent grades
in all subjects and a gold medal
 With such honors, he triumphantly returned to Calamba in
March, 1874 for the summer vacation

11. Teenage Interest in Reading
 During the summer vacation in Calamba (1874)
 1st favorite novel of Rizal “The Count of Monte Cristo” by
Alexander Dumas
 A voracious reader
 Cesar Cantu’s historical work entitled “Universal History”
 “Travels in the Philippines” by Dr. Feodor Jagor, a German
scientist-traveler (1859 – 1860)

12. 3rd Year in Ateneo (1874 – 1875)
 Shortly after the opening of classes, his mother
was released from prison.
 In the previous years, Rizal did not make an
excellent showing in his studies
 He failed to win the medal in Spanish because his
spoken was not fluently sonorous
 March, 1875 Rizal returned to Calamba for
summer vacation

13. 4th Year in Ateneo (1875 – 1876)
 June 16, 1875
 He became an interno in Ateneo
 Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez inspired
him to study harder and write poetry
"model of uprightness, earnestness
and love for the advancement of his pupils"
 Rizal won five medals

14. Last Year in Ateneo (1876 – 1877)
 June 1876, last year of Rizal in Ateneo
 He was truly "the pride of the Jesuits"
 Obtained highest grades in all subjects
Graduation with Highest Honors
 "Excellent" scholastic records from 1872 to 1877
 March 23, 1877, Commencement Day
 Received the degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest honors

15. Extra-Curricular Activities in Ateneo
 An "emperor" inside the classroom and campus leader
outside
 Secretary of the Marian Congregation
 Member of Academy of Spanish Literature and the
Academy of Natural Sciences
 Studied painting under the famous Spanish painter Agustin
Saez (left photo)
 Sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus (right photo), noted
Filipino sculptor
 Engaged in gymnastics and fencing
 Father Jose Vilaclara advised him to stop communing
with the muses and pay more attention to practical studies
such as philosophy and natural science

16. Sculptural Works in Ateneo
 Carved an image of The Virgin Mary on a piece of
“batikuling” (Philippine hardwood)
 Father Lleonart requested him to carve an image of the Sacred
Heart of Jesus
 The old Jesuit forgot to take the image with him to Spain
 Ateneo boarding students placed the image on the door of the
dormitory and remain there for many years

17. Anecdotes of Rizal
 Felix M. Ramos – one of Rizal’s
contemporaries in Ateneo
 Manuel Xerex Burgos – whose house Rizal
boarded shortly before he became an interno
in Ateneo
Poems Written in Ateneo
 Mi Primera Inspiration (My First
Inspiration) – the
first poem Rizal probably wrote during his days
in Ateneo.

18. In 1875, inspired by Father Sanchez, he wrote more poems such as:
 Filicitacion (Felicitation)
 El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes
(The Departure Hymn to Magellan’s fleet)
 Y Es Espanol: Elcano, the first to circumnavigate the world)
 El Combate: Urbiztondo Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo,
Terror of Jolo)

19. In 1876, Rizal wrote poems on various topics:
 Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblu (In Memory of My Town)
 Alianza Intima Entre la Region Y La Buena Educacion (Intimate Alliance Between
Religion and Good Education)
 Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre La Patria (Through Education the Country
Receive Light)
 E Cultivero Y El Triunfo (The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and
the Imprisonment of Boabdil)
 La Entrada Triuntal de Los Reyes Catolices en Granada (The Triumphal Entry of
The Catholic Monarches into Granada)

20. My First Inspiration”
Why falls so rich a spray
of fragrance from the bowers
of the balmy flowers
upon this festive day?
Why from woods and vales
do we hear sweet measures
ringing
that seem to be the singing
of a choir of nightingales?
Why in the grass below
do birds start at the wind's noises,
unleashing their honeyed voices
as they hop from bough to bough?
The reason, dear mother, is
they feast your day of bloom:
the rose with its perfume,
the bird with its harmonies.
And the spring that rings with
laughter
upon this joyful day
with its murmur seems to say:
"Live happily ever after!"
And from that spring in the grove
now turn to hear the first note
that from my lute I emote
to the impulse of my love.
Why should the spring that
glows
its crystalline murmur be tuning
to the zephyr's mellow crooning
as among the flowers it flows?
Why seems to me more
endearing,
more fair than on other days,
the dawn's enchanting face
among red clouds appearing?

21. Dramatic Work in Ateneo
 Father Sanchez, his favorite teacher ask him to
write a drama based on the prose story of St.
Eustace the Martyr
 Summer 1876 in Calamba, he wrote the religious
drama in poetic verses
 June 2 1876, finished the manuscript
 He submitted the finished manuscript entitled
“San Eustacio, Martir” (St. Eustace, the
Martyr) to Father Sanchez in his last academic
year in Ateneo

22. First Romance of Rizal
 16 years old, experienced his first romance
 Segunda Katigbak, a pretty 14 years old
Batanguena from Lipa
 Sister of his friend Mariano Katigbak
 His sister Olimpia was a close friend of
Segunda in La Concordia College

23. First Romance of Rizal
 Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz
 His first romance was ruined by his own shyness and reserve
 Segunda returned to Lipa and later married Manuel Luz
 Rizal remained in Calamba, a frustrated lover, cherishing
nostalgic memories of lost love

24. CHAPTER 5
Medical Studies
at the
University of Sto. Tomas

25. ATENEO
• Rizal had completed his vocational course in
Surveying which he graduate with highest honors
• Run by Jesuits
UST (1877-1882)
•
• He transferred to medical course where he won
more literary Laurels; had other romances with
pretty girls; and fought against Spanish students
who insulted the brown Filipino students.
Run by Dominicans

26. MOTHER’S OPPOSITION TO HIGHER EDUCATION
Doña Teodora
• Opposed the idea of sending Rizal to University to pursue higher
education because she was aware what happened to Gom-Bur-Za
and feared of what might happen to Rizal.
Rizal was surprised by his mother’s opposition, who was a woman
of education and culture.
Despite her mother’s opposition, don Francisco told Paciano to
accompany Rizal to manila.

27. RIZAL’S ENTER THE UNIVERSITY
April 1877
• Rizal enrolled at UST, taking the course of Philosophy and
Letters.
Reasons:
1. His father liked it.
2. He was still uncertain to what career to pursue.
Fr. Pablo Ramon
• Rector of theAteneo

28. 1877-1878
• Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics,
Theodicy and history of philosophy during his
first year term.
1877-1879
• Rizal took the medical course upon the advised
of Ateneo’s rector to study medicine.
Reason:
- to be able to cure his mother’s growing blindness.

29. FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO (1878)
• While Rizal was studying at UST, he is also studying at Ateneo. He took
vocational course leading to the title of “Perito Agrimensor” (Expert Surveyor)
• He excelled in all subjects in the surveying course obtaining gold medals in
Agriculture and Topography.
• Vocational Courses:
1. Agriculture
2. Commerce
3. Mechanics
4. Surveying

30. • At the age of 17, he passed the final exam in surveying
course but could not be granted the title as surveyor
because he was under age.
November 25, 1881
• The title as surveyor to Rizal.
Extra-Curricular Activities:
1. President, Academy of Spanish Literature.
2. Secretary, Academy of Natural Sciences.
3. Secretary, Marian Congregation

31. ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS
•
•
•
Segunda Katigbak
Miss L
- fair with seductive and attractive eyes.Reasons:
1. The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart.
2. His father does not like the family of Miss L.
Leonor “Orang” Valenzuela
- a medical student from Calamba, Laguna
- a charming daughter of Captain Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela.
- tall girl with a regal bearing
- Rizal sent Leonor a love notes written in invisible ink.

32. •
studying.
Leonor Rivera
- Rizal’s cousin from Camiling.
- Born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867
- A student of La Concordia College where Rizal’s sister Soledad was then
- frail, pretty girl and tender as budding flower with kindly wistful eyes.
• Taimis – Leonor’s pseudonym in order to camouflage their intimate relationship from
their parents and friends.
•
Rizal lived in:
Casa Tomasina
No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros
Antonio Rivero
- Rizal’s landlord uncle
- father of Leonor Rivera

33. VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY
One dark summer vacation night of 1878 in
Calamba when Rizal was a freshman Medical student at
the University of Sto. Tomas. He was walking in the
street and dimly perceived a figure of a man while
passing hi not knowing that the person a lieutenant of
the Guardia Civil. He did not salute and not say a
greetings. With a snarl, he turned upon Rizal, whipped
out his sword and brutally slashed his back.

34. Rizal reported the incident to General Primo de
Rivera, the Spanish governor general of the
Philippines at that time but nothing came out because
he was an indio and the accused was a Spaniard.
Later in a letter to Bluementritt dated March 21,
1887, he related, “ I went to the Captain-General but I
could not obtain justice; my wound lasted two weeks.

35. TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH
• Liceo Artisco-Literano (Artistic-Literary Lyceum)
•
•
A society of literary men and artists.
Held a literary contest and offered a prize (silverpen,
feather-shaped decorated with gold ribbon) for best
poem.
“ A La Juventud Filipina ( To the Filipino Youth )
• Rizal’s prize-winning and inspiring poem of flawless for.

36. Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from the lethargy; to
let their genius mind fly swiftly the wind and descend with art and
science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of the
people.
Reasons why Rizal’s Poem was a classic in Philippine Literature:
1. It was great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino, whiose
merit was recognized by Spanish Literary Authorities.
2. It expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the
Filipinos were the “ Fair hope of the Fatherland”

37. “THE COUNCIL OF THEGODS”
• Artistic-Literary Lyceum
• Opened another literary contest ( to both Filipinos and Spaniards)
to commemorate the 4th centennial death of Cervantes
Cervantes
• Was a Spain’s glorified man-of-letters and famous author of Don
Quixote.
Rizal submitted an allegorical drama entitled “ El Consejo de los
Dioses” ( The Council of the God’s ).

38. • The Council of the Gods
• Was based on the Greek classics.
• Aided by Fr. Rector of Ateneo
Prize: Gold Ring engraved the bust of Cervantes
Winners:
1st Place : Jose Rizal (19yrs old )
2nd Place D. N. Del Puzo ( Spanish )
- Because of its literary superiority

39. OTHER LITERARY WORKS
• Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig)
- (Zarzuela) staged by the Ateneans on December 8, 1880 of the annual
celebration of the Feast day of Immaculate Concepcion (Patroness ofAteneo)
• AFilipinas
- ( a sonnet, 1880) Rizal urged all Filipino artists to glorify the Philippines.
• Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma
- (poem 1879) was declaimed by an Atenean, Manuel Fernandez on the
night of December 8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness.

40. • Al M. R. P.Pablo Ramon
• ( a poem, 1881 ) Rizal wrote a poem as an expression of affection to Father Pablo
Ramon, the Ateneo Rector, who had been so kind and helpful to him.

41. RIZAL VISIT TO PAKILAND PAGSANJAN
• Summer of May 1881
•
•
•
•
Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria
de los Dolores
He was accomplished by his sisters --- Saturnina, Maria, and Trinidad and their
female friends.
They took a casco ( flat-bottom sailing vessel ) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna and
stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, whose son Nicolas was
Rizal’s friend in Manila.
Rizal and his companions were fascinated by the famous Turumba ( people dancing
in the streets during the procession in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los
Dolores)
• Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl colegiala, Vicenta Ybardolaza, who skillfully
played the harp at the Regalado’s home.

42. • Reason why Rizal and his company made side trip to the
neighboring town of Pagsanjan:
•
•
It was the town of Leonor Valenzuela
To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls.

43. CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
•
•
•
•
Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their fights
against the arrogant Spanish students.
In 1880, Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in the
University of Sto. Tomas called “Compañerismo” (Comradeship),
whose members were called “Companions of Jehu.” after the valiant
Hebrew general who foughtArmaeans.
Galicano Apacible ( Rizal’s cousin from Batangas) was the
secretary.
Fierce encounter near the Escolta in Manila where Rizal was
wounded on the head, and tenderly washed and dresses by Leonor
Rivera in his boarding house “ Casa Tomasina”

44. Rizal’s Scholastic Records in the UST (1879-1882)
 1877-1878 (Philosophy and Letters)
Cosmotology & Metaphysics --- Excellent
Theodicy --- Excellent
History of Philosophy --- Excellent
 1878-1879 (Medicine) – 1st Year
Physics
Chemistry --- Fair
Natural History --- Excellent
Anatomy I --- Good
Dissection I --- Good

45. UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST
1. The Dominican were hostile to him.
2. The Filipino students were racially discriminated by
the Spaniards.
3. The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
Result :
- Rizal, the most brilliant graduate of Ateneo failed to
win high scholastic grade.

46.  1879-1880 (Medicine ) – 2nd year
Anatomy 2 --- Good
Dissection 2 --- Good
Physiology --- Good
Private Hygiene --- Good
 1880-1881 (Medicine) – 3rd Year
General Pathology --- Fair
Therapeutics --- Excellent
Surgery --- Good
 1881-1882 (Medicine) – 4th Year
Medical Pathology
Surgical Pathology
--- Very Good
--- Very Good
Obstetrics --- Very Good

47. DECISION TO STUDYABROAD
 After finishing the fourth year of his medical course,
Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could no longer
endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and
hostility in the University of Sto. Tomas.
 He did not seek his parent’s permission and blessings
to go abroad; and even his beloved Leonor.

48. END OF CHAPTER 5