2. The term psychology comes
from the Greek roots psyche
meaning soul or mind and
logos meaning word or study
3. PSYCHOLOGY=
Science of behavior and
mental processes
Behavior:
*Overt can be directly observed
*Covert cannot be directly observed
Mental Processes:
Internal experiences such as sensations, dreams,
thoughts, and feelings.
4. TO DESCRIBE (What is Happening?)
-Observing a behavior and taking note of
everything that is happening.
TO EXPLAIN (Why is it happening?)
-Behavior is being understood by explaining it.
TO PREDICT (Will it happen again?)
-Determining what will happen in the future
TO CONTROL (How can it be changed?)
-To change a behavior from an undesirable
one to a desirable one.
THEORIES: General explanation of a set of observations or
facts
5. 387 B.C.
Plato believed in innate ideas,
suggest that the brain is the
seat of mental processes.
335 B.C.
Aristotle argued that the heart
is the seat of mental processes.
430 B.C.
Hippocrates believed that mental illness
is caused by the four major bodily
liquids. Black bile
Yellow bile
Phlegm
Blood
6. (1649) Rene Descartes- pineal
gland as a seat of the soul.
John Locke- “Mind at birth
is a blank slate”
Franz Gall-
Phrenology-shape of
a person’s skull reveals
mental faculties and traits
7. 1848
Phineas Gage suffers from brain
damage that alter his personality.
1859
Charles Darwin- On the
Origin of Species by means
of Natural Selection
1869
Francis Galton-
Hereditary Genius
8. Structuralism
-EDWARD TITCHENER
It is focus on studying the
building blocks/structure
of the mind.
Introspection - careful, systematic observations
of one’s own conscious experience
Wilhelm Wundt (1879)
First Experimental Psych
Lab in Leipzig Germany
9. Functionalism (1890)
-William James
Claimed that searching
for building blocks was a
waste of time because brain and
mind are constantly changing.
Focus on looking more at what was
going on in the person’s interaction
with the outside world.
10. This school of thought
emphasized the influence of
the unconscious mind and
childhood experiences on
behavior.
Psychoanalysis: Freud’s method for
treating people with emotional
problems (free association).
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud
11.
12. Ivan Pavlov used
conditioning of dogs to
show that behavior is
learned.
The dogs were
conditioned to salivate
when a tone was
sounded.
13.
14. “The whole is different from the sum
of its parts”.
These theory attempt to describe how
people tend to organize visual
elements into groups or unified
wholes when certain principles are
applied
16. This is bcuseae the
huammn mnid deos
not raed ervey lteter
by istlef, but the word
as a wlohe. Amzanig,
huh?
17. It is focused
on observable behavior
Behaviorist’s believe
people are
controlled by their
environment.
John B. Watson
“I can take a child and
make him into anything, a
beggar, a doctor, a thief.”
18.
19. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
Human Potential: Everyone striving
to reach their highest potential.
Client centered approach
20. (1952)
APA: Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders
(1963)
Albert Bandura’s bobo doll study
was conducted.
Hinweis der Redaktion
We need theories to support our conclusion
concept of Dualism, viewed mind and body as interactive machines.
He focus on what the mind does and how behavior functions
Inspires by the work of charles darwin : how we people adapt to the environment
Unconscious-- Slips of the tongue. Includes the urges, desires and instincts.. Mga nirepressed sa memories
To understand behavior, one must observe it.
Behaviorist school of thought emphasized the environment (nurture), rather than innate biological predispositions (nature)
