4. What causes Topography?
WATER – The sun heats water, and it
evaporates into the atmosphere. This water
then falls back to the ground in the form of
rain. When it rains at any elevation above
sea level, the water then flows from high
elevation down to sea level. The water then
groups together and forms rivers (or any
body of water) which cut the ground and
wash loose dirt down.
5. What causes Topography?
WIND – In areas where there is no water (the
desert) the wind is the primary erosion
factor. The wind picks up small particles of
sand and hurls it through the air and smacks
it into rock, which breaks off small particles.
6. Landforms
• Natural shapes or features of
the earth.
• There are many different types
of landforms found on the
earth.
8. MOUNTAIN
• A mountain is a place on Earth’s
surface that is much higher
than the land around it.
• A mountain is the highest kind of
land.
• Taller than a hill.
33. OCEANS
• Largest bodies of water on earth.
• Made of salt water that surrounds a continent
• Cover more than two-thirds of the Earth's
surface
– Pacific Ocean
– Atlantic Ocean
– Indian Ocean
– Southern Ocean
– Arctic Ocean
34.
35. • Pacific Ocean – separates Asia from the Americas.
• Atlantic Ocean – separates the Americas from
Europe and Africa.
• Indian Ocean – washes upon southern Asia and
separates Africa and Australia.
• Southern Ocean – sometimes considered an
extension of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian
Oceans, which encircles Antarctica.
• Arctic Ocean – sometimes considered a sea of the
Atlantic, which covers much of the Arctic and
washes upon northern North America and
Eurasia.
37. Marianas Trench
• Known as the deepest point on
earth’s surface.
• It is located in the western Pacific
Ocean, to the east of the Mariana
Islands.
• 35,840 feet deep
38.
39. Puerto Rico Trench
• Located on the boundary
between the Caribbean Sea and
the Atlantic Ocean.
• The deepest point in the Atlantic
Ocean.
• 28,232 feet deep
40.
41.
42. Java Trench
• Also called Sunda Trench.
• Located in the northeastern Indian
Ocean.
• This trench is the deepest part of
Indian Ocean.
• 23,376 feet deep
43. Eurasian Basin
• Deepest trench in the
Arctic Ocean.
• 20th deepest part of any
ocean in the world.
• 17,881 feet deep
44.
45. SEA
• Large body of salty water that is
often connected to an ocean.
South China Sea
Caribbean Sea
Mediterranean Sea
49. In the history of humankind, the
first civilizations emerges along river
– valleys. These include:
River – valleys of Tigris –
Euphrates
Indus River
Yellow River (Huang Ho River)
Nile River
50. River – valleys of Tigris – Euphrates
• The longest and
the most
historically
important rivers
of Western Asia.
51.
52. Indus River
• A major river which flows
through Pakistan.
• It has courses through
western Tibet (in China)
and Northern India.
53.
54. Yellow River (Huang Ho River)
• The second-longest river in China
after the Yangtze and the sixth-
longest in the world at the estimated
length of 5,464 kilometers.
• “The cradle of Chinese civilization"
55.
56.
57. Nile River
• Generally regarded
as the longest river in
the world.
• It is 6,650 km (4,130
miles) long.
58. LAKE
• Large body of water surrounded
by land on all sides.
• Really huge lakes are often called
seas.
