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“What is DNA?”
What was known about
        DNA?

• It could be found in almost
 all cells
• It contained phosphorus in
 the form of phosphate.
What was known about
          DNA?
•   It contained a sugar,
    deoxyribose.
•   It contained 4 forms of nitrogen
    containing bases; purines -
    adenine and guanine and
    pyrimidines - thymine and
    cytosine.
“#hat is the structure of DNA?”
Maurice Wilkins    Rosalind Franklin

        Kings College, London
James Watson and Francis Crick
  Cambridge College, London
Linus Pauling
Chemistry at California Institute of Technology
                   (Caltech)
Nucleotide
nucleotide monomer              nucleotide
(sugar, phosphate and nitrogen    polymer
        base A, T, C orG)          (chain)
Erwin Chargaff
                      calculated a “rough
                     equivalent” between
                     adenine and thymine
                    molecules and between
                     cytosine and guanine
                          molecules.




adenine   guanine        thymine    cytosine
X-ray Crystallography        right -hand
Rosalind Franklin’s photo 51   double helix
Complementary Base Pairing
      C-G and A-T
Watson and Crick
with their model of DNA
    double helix 1953
DNA Replication or
       Synthesis
•   enzymes separate or unzip
    the two strands (breaks the
    H bonds)

•   the two unwound strands
    each become a template for
    the new strands to be built

•   the new nucleotides are
    paired and inserted

•   enzymes “proofread the
    new strands and seals the
    base pair

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DNA Lecture slides

  • 2. What was known about DNA? • It could be found in almost all cells • It contained phosphorus in the form of phosphate.
  • 3. What was known about DNA? • It contained a sugar, deoxyribose. • It contained 4 forms of nitrogen containing bases; purines - adenine and guanine and pyrimidines - thymine and cytosine.
  • 4. “#hat is the structure of DNA?”
  • 5. Maurice Wilkins Rosalind Franklin Kings College, London
  • 6. James Watson and Francis Crick Cambridge College, London
  • 7. Linus Pauling Chemistry at California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
  • 9. nucleotide monomer nucleotide (sugar, phosphate and nitrogen polymer base A, T, C orG) (chain)
  • 10. Erwin Chargaff calculated a “rough equivalent” between adenine and thymine molecules and between cytosine and guanine molecules. adenine guanine thymine cytosine
  • 11. X-ray Crystallography right -hand Rosalind Franklin’s photo 51 double helix
  • 13. Watson and Crick with their model of DNA double helix 1953
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. DNA Replication or Synthesis • enzymes separate or unzip the two strands (breaks the H bonds) • the two unwound strands each become a template for the new strands to be built • the new nucleotides are paired and inserted • enzymes “proofread the new strands and seals the base pair