MAPEH 10 Arts Lesson 1.pptx

MAPEH 10
(ARTS)
Modern-Art: An Analysis of Art
Elements & Principles in the
Production of Work from the Various
Art Movements

Introduction
• In any work of art, elements and principles will
be present, but others will be more obvious.
When engaging in formal analysis, you should
select the elements you feel most strongly
represented in the piece you are analyzing.
• An excellent place to start the analysis is to
look at a work of art and note how your eye
moves around the object. Where does your eye
go first, and why were you attracted to that part
of the image? What colors, textures, and
shapes appear in the image? What did the artist
include in the composition? To guide your eye
or direct your gaze to a specific part of the
picture.

PICTURE ANALYSIS
Starry Night: by Vincent Van Gogh

PICTURE ANALYSIS
“I and the Village”: by Marc Chagall

PICTURE ANALYSIS
“The City” by Fernand Léger

Objectives:
1. Identify the different art elements and principles in the production of work
following a specific art style from the various art movements.
2. Analyzes artworks in different styles and art movements using the art
elements and principles.
3. Show awareness to art elements and principles in the production of work
following a specific art style from the various art movements by creating
artwork from a still life image.

The Influence of Delacroix
• As with emerging art movements, impressionism
owed its inspiration to earlier masters. One
significant influence was the work of French
painter Eugéne Delacroix.
• Delacroix was much admired and emulated by
the early impressionists. His use of expressive
brushstrokes emphasizes movement rather than
on clarity of form, and most of all, his study of
the optical effects of color.

Delacroix’s painting, The Barque of Dante,
• Contained a then-revolutionary
technique that profoundly influenced
the coming impressionist movement.
And it involved something as simple
as droplets of water.
• The painting is about a fictional
scene from Dante’s Inferno, showing
Dante and the poet Virgil crossing
hell’s River Styx. At the same time,
tormented souls struggle to climb
aboard their boat. It is the drops of
water running down the bodies of
these doomed souls (see enlarged
detail below)painted in a manner
rarely used in Delacroix’s time.

EDOUARD MANET (1832 -1883)
• Was born on January 23, 1832 Paris, France
• Died on 30 April 1883 (aged 51) Paris, France
• Was one of the first 19th century artists to depict
modern-life subjects. He was a crucial figure in the
transition from realism to impressionism.
• A number of his works considered marking the
birth of modern art.
• He was known for his artworks like:
•The Luncheon on the Grass (Le déjeuner sur
l'herbe), 1863
•Olympia, 1863
•A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (Le Bar aux Folies-
Bergère), 1882
•Young Flautist or The Fifer (Le Fifre), 1866

• Luncheon on the Grass, or
Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe in
his native French, is not
only one of the most
famous paintings by
Édouard Manet, but it is
also one of the all-time
great works, in art
history. The Luncheon on the Grass (1863)
• The painting was particularly
unusual in that it had a
particular limitation in flatness.
• This is a painting of a naked woman
surrounded by fully dressed males at the
Salon des Refusés. It was considered an
embarrassment at the time, not only
because of the woman’s nakedness in
comparison to the males but also because
Manet used recognizable models for the
figures in the painting.

• This is a painting of a
naked woman in a leisure
position with a servant
delivering flowers. It’s
regarded as one of the
most scandalous famous
paintings by Édouard
Manet, because of Manet’s
rethinking of the classic
topic of female nudity and
his technical execution.
Olympia (1863)
• The criticisms of Olympia had
less to do with the model’s
nakedness and more to do with
the subject matter’s reality. The
painting’s subject was very likely
a prostitute.

Music in the Tuileries (1862) Berthe Morisot with a
Bouquet of Violets
(1872)
The Café-Concert (1878)
The Races at Longchamp (1864) Boating (1874)

CLAUDE MONET (1840 -1926)
• Oscar-Claude Monet was born on 14 November 1840
Paris, France
• He died on 5 December 1926 (aged 86)
Giverny, France
• The following are his notable works
• Impression, Sunrise
• Rouen Cathedral series
• London Parliament series
• Water Lilies
• Haystacks
• Poplars
• List of paintings
• was one of the founders of the impressionist movement along with
his friends. Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frédérick Bazille.
• He was the most prominent of the group; and is considered the
most influential figure in the movement.
• Monet is best known for his landscape paintings, particularly those
depicting his beloved flower gardens and water lily ponds at his
home in Giverny..

• One of the most famous French
painters of all time is Claude Monet.
Born, Oscar-Claude Monet in 1840,
he is known for fathering the widely-
practiced art form, at the time, known
as Impressionism.
• Monet was known for his unique
painting style and the ability to capture
the same subjects in different light,
color, and seasons.
• He was a master of landscapes and
often painted scenes of nature in the
outdoors as he witnessed them to
truly bring out the general
“impression”.

• Water Lilies is one of
Claude Monet’s best
paintings and the most
famous which he
worked on for 30 years
before his death.
• In 1893, Monet bought
a piece of land in front
of his house in Giverny
and decided to build a
Japanese-style flower
garden featuring a
pond surrounded by
water lilies.
• Secluded from the
outside world, the
artist was inspired by
its beauty and started
working on his water
lily series focusing on
many elements of the
Water Lilies (1896 –
1926)
• But later, he decided to
dispense with the
surroundings and
focus only on the
beautiful lilies, thus
creating a series of
Water Lilies that
constitute around 250

• Impression, Sunrise is
another one of Claude
Monet’s famous
paintings, if not the most
famous! The painting
depicts the port of Le
Havre which was
Monet’s hometown.
• Although he painted a
series of paintings on the
port of Le Havre,
Impression, Sunrise
became the most
famous.
• Monet painted this
beauty in a single sitting
as he captured the
glorious sunrise and the
anchored ships right
Impression, Sunrise (1872)
• Though it’s commended
for its use of colors to
portray depth while still
showcasing all the
details, it’s the fact that it
inspired the name of
the impressionist
movement that made it
famous worldwide.

• In 1893, Monet
purchased land with a
pond near his property in
Giverny, and he built
here his water lily garden
with a Japanese bridge
spanning the pond at its
narrowest point.
• In 1899, he began a
series of eighteen views
of the wooden footbridge
over the pond,
completing twelve
paintings, including the
present one, that
summer. The vertical
format of the picture,
unusual in this series,
gives prominence to the
water lilies and their
reflections on the pond.
Bridge over a Pond of Water
Lilies

Wild Poppies Near Argenteuil
(1873) Poplars (1891) San Giorgio Maggiore At
Dusk (1908 – 1912)
Woman With A Parasol (1875) Red Boats Argenteuil (1875)

• Pierre-Auguste Renoir - 25 February 1841 – 3
December 1919) was a French artist who was a
leading painter in the development of
the Impressionist style.
• As a celebrator of beauty and
especially feminine sensuality, it has been said
that "Renoir is the final representative of a
tradition which runs directly
from Rubens to Watteau.
• Along with Claude Monet, was one of the
impressionist movements' central figures. His
early works were snapshots of real life, full of
sparkling color and light. By the mid-1880s,
however, Renoir broke away from the
impressionist movement to apply a more
disciplined, formal technique to portraits of
actual people and figure paintings.
AUGUSTE RENOIR (1841 - 1919)

• One of his most famous masterpieces is called Bal du Moulin
de la Galette and depicts a Sunaday afternoon in an area of
Paris called Moulin de la Galette. While the larger version is
housed in museum in Paris, there’s also a smaller painting
which was sold to a Japanese businessman in May 1990 for
what was then the second largest sum ever paid for a work of
art of its kind.
Bal du Moulin
de la Galette,
Pierre-Auguste
Renoir – $143.3
million

The Dancer (1874)
A Girl with a Watering Can (1876)

Irène Cahen d'Anvers (1880)
Luncheon of the Boating Party (1881)

• Born on 19 January 1839
Aix-en-Provence, France
• Died on 22 October 1906 (aged 67)
Aix-en-Provence, France
Notable works:
• Mont Sainte-Victoire (1885–1906)
• Apothéose de Delacroix (1890–1894)
• Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier (1893–
94)
• The Card Players (1890–1895)
• The Bathers (1898–1905)
• He was a French artist and post-
impressionist painter. His work
exemplified the transition from late 19th
century—paving the way for the next
revolutionary art movement known as
expressionism.
PAUL CEZANNE (1839 -1906)

Completed: 1900
Style: Post-Impressionism
Genre: Painting
Location: Philadelphia Museum of
Art, Philadelphia, United States
Completed: 1895
Style: Post-Impressionism
Genre: Still life
Location: Art Institute of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
The Bathers (French: Les
Grandes Baigneuses)
Basket of Apples

Mont Sainte-Victoire (1895)
The Card Players (1892)
Pyramid of Skulls (1901)
The tiny, oil-rich nation of Qatar has purchased a
Paul Cézanne painting, The Card Players, for
more than $250 million. The deal, in a single
stroke, sets the highest price ever paid for a
work of art and upends the modern art market. If
the price seems insane, it may well be, since it
more than doubles the current auction record for
a work of art.

VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853 – 1890)
• Vincent van Gogh, in full Vincent
Willem van Gogh, (born March 30,
1853, Zundert, Netherlands
• Died on July 29, 1890, Auvers-sur-
Oise, near Paris, France),
• Dutch painter, generally considered
the greatest after Rembrandt van
Rijn, and the finest of the Post-
Impressionists.
• He was a post-impressionist painter
from the Netherlands.

• His works were remarkable for their
robust and heavy brush strokes,
intense emotions, and colors that
appeared to almost pulsating with
energy.
• Van Gogh’s striking style was to have a
far-reaching influence on 20th-century
art, with his works becoming among the
most recognized in the world
• Van Gogh’s art became astoundingly
popular after his death, especially in the
late 20th century, when his work sold
for record-breaking sums at auctions
around the world and was featured in
blockbuster touring exhibitions.

• Starry Night depicts a dreamy interpretation of the artist's
asylum room's sweeping view of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.
Though Van Gogh revisited this scene in his work on several
occasions, "Starry Night" is the only nocturnal study of the
view.
The Starry Night meaning is usually
associated with Van
Gogh’s deteriorating mental
health. The blues he used in this
painting are a return to the colors he
used previously during his struggles
with mental illness. The swirling
brushstrokes may also indicate his
mental state.
The estimated cost of The Starry Night by Van Gogh is $100 million.
This makes The Starry Night one of the most valuable paintings on the planet.
Van Gogh’s The Starry Night is one of the most recognizable paintings in the
world.
The Starry Night, 1889

• In The Bedroom at Arles this movement is sustained by a
delightful, inventive play of scattered objects. As we follow
the converging lines of the floor and bed to an unmarked
point, we come to a rival perspective system in the dark lines
of the casements, of which the repeated angles occur again in
a series of surrounding objects of different color and
complexity: the distant chair and table, the picture wires, the
ceiling corner, and the inclined pictures at the right.
To Van Gogh this picture
was an expression of
'perfect rest', or 'sleep in
general'. The bright,
cheerful little room has
become a field of rapid
convergences, sharp
angles, and contrasts of
high color. The Bedroom At Arles, 1888

• It is build up in great bands that traverse the entire space.
The tall dark cypress trees at one side offer a powerful
contrast to the prevailing horizontals, which they resemble in
form. The oppositions of warm and cool, the proportioning of
parts, the relative height of sky and earth on the two sides,
the horizontal intervals which we can measure on the
silhouette of the distant mountain, twice broken by trees - all
these are perfectly legible and well balanced.
A Wheat Field, with Cypresses by
Van Gogh in the National Gallery
Symbolism: Van Gogh used his
paintings to express his ideas of
the meaning of life. The wheat
fields represent the cycle of life,
where people celebrate their growth,
but at the same time are susceptible
to the powerful forces of nature
Wheat Field With Cypresses, 1889

Head of a Peasant
Woman, 1885
The Starry Night Over The Rhone,
1888
Sunflowers, 1888

Expressionism: A Bold New Movement
The early 1900s is a period of Western art known
as expressionism. Expressionist artists created
works with more emotional force. The use of
realistic or natural images is evident. Distorted
outlines applied intense colors and exaggerated
forms. They worked more with their imagination
and feelings than with what their eyes saw in the
physical world.

Among the various styles that arose within the
expressionist art movements were:
Neo-primitivism was an art style that incorporated
elements from the native arts of the South Sea
Islanders and the wood carvings of African tribes,
which suddenly became popular. Among the Western
artists who adapted these elements was Amedeo
Modigliani, who used the oval faces and elongated
shapes of African art in his sculptures and paintings.

This is one of a series of radically simplified
heads with elongated faces and stylized
features that Modigliani made between 1911
and 1913. He was inspired by art from
countries such as Cambodia, Egypt and
Ivory Coast, which he saw in Paris’s
ethnography museum. His patron Paul
Alexandre recalled how Modigliani worked
in this period: ‘When a figure haunted his
mind, he would draw feverishly with
unbelievable speed… He sculpted the same
way. He drew for a long time, then he
attacked the block directly.’
Head
1911–12

This painting, Portrait of Pablo Picasso, was
painted on 1915. Modigliani got to know Pablo
Picasso when he was in Paris in 1906 and lived in
Le Bateau-Lavoir artistic community. They both
shared an interest for African art, which
influenced them in different ways in their art
work.
They used to be good friends and hang out
together. Picasso used to make this comment:
"Modigliani is the only man in Paris knows how to
dress". He also tried to help Modigliani to get a
dealer. But they drifted apart later, probably
because Picasso does not like Modigliani's life
style.
Portrait of Picasso,
1915

Fauvism was a style that used bold,
vibrant colors and visual distortions. Its
name was derived from les fauves (“wild
beasts”), referring to the group of French
expressionist painters who painted in this
style. Perhaps the most known among
them was Henri Matisse.

Woman with a Hat (French:
La femme au chapeau) is an oil
painting of Matisse’s wife,
Amelie.
It was painted in 1905 and
displayed at the Salon
d’Automne that autumn,
among works by André Derain,
Maurice de Vlaminck, and
numerous other “Fauves”
painters.

Henri Matisse’s Dance, easily
identifiable as one of the most
famous works of contemporary
art, is known for its creative
character as well as the disputed
method in which it was
developed.
The French art establishment
first responded badly to Dance
because of its primitive form and
use of just three colors, which
was emblematic of the Fauvist
movement.

Dadaism was a style characterized by dream
fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks
and surprises—as in the paintings of Marc
Chagall and Giorgio de Chirico below. The
works appeared playful, but the movement
arose from the pain during World War 1. They
chose the child’s term for hobbyhorse, dada, to
refer to their new “non-style.”

I and the Village is a
"narrative self-portrait"
featuring memories of Marc
Chagall's childhood in the
town of Vitebsk, in Russia.
The dreamy painting is ripe
with images of the Russian
landscape and symbols from
folk stories.

The Birthday was painted by
Chagall in 1915 just a few weeks before
he and Bella married. The painting is
a wonderful expression of the
amazing, flowing and powerful love
these two shared. Chagall is pictured
flowing and dream-like, floating above
Bella. His head is unrealistically
craned upside down and backward as
he twists around to kiss his future wife
on the mouth.

Surrealism was a style that depicted an illogical,
subconscious dream world beyond the logical,
conscious, physical one. Surrealism came from the term
“super-realism,” with its artworks clearly expressing a
departure from reality—as though the artists were
dreaming, seeing illusions, or experiencing an altered
mental state.
Many surrealist works depicted morbid or gloomy
subjects, as in those by Salvador Dali. Others were quite
playful and even humorous, such as those by Paul Klee
and Joan Miro.

The Persistence of
Memory is a 1931 artwork by
Salvador Dali that is well
recognized as a masterpiece
of Surrealism.
The artwork was first
presented at the Julien Levy
Gallery in 1932 and has been
in the collection of the
Museum of Modern Art
(MoMA) in New York
City since 1934, when it was
given to the museum by an
unidentified donor.
It is well-known and regularly mentioned in
popular culture, and is occasionally
referred to by more descriptive terms such
as “Melting Clocks,” “The Soft Watches,”
or “The Melting Watches.”

Completed in 1922, Senecio is a
manifestation of Paul's sense of humor and
African culture. The simple colors and
shapes, Paul makes use of various shades of
orange, red, and yellow to reveal portrait of
an old man. Artistic use of shapes gives the
false impression that one eye browse is
raised. His left eye brow is represented by a
triangle while the other one is made of a
simple curved line. The portrait is also
called Head of a Man Going Senile and
intentionally mimics children's artwork by
using ambiguous shapes and forms with
minimal facial details. Senecio, 1922 by Paul Klee

Social Realism expressed the artist’s role in social
reform. Here, artists used their works to protest
against the injustices, inequalities, immorality, and
ugliness of the human condition. In different periods
of history, social realists have addressed various
issues: war, poverty, corruption, industrial and
environmental hazards, and more—in the hope of
raising people’s awareness and pushing society to
seek reforms.

Pablo Picasso's Guernica is known as the most
monumental and comprehensive statement of social
realism against war brutality. Filling one wall of the Spanish
Pavilion at the 1937 World's Fair in Paris, Picasso's outcry
was against the German air raid of Guernica's town in his
native Spain.
Created in the mid-1900s, Guernica combined artistic
elements developed in the earlier decades with those still to
come. It made use of the exaggeration, distortion, and
shock technique of expressionism. At the same time, it had
elements of the emerging style that would later be known as
cubism.

Guernica shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it inflicts upon
individuals, particularly innocent civilians. This work has gained a
monumental status, becoming a perpetual reminder of the tragedies of war,
an anti-war symbol, and an embodiment of peace. On completion Guernica
was displayed around the world in a brief tour, becoming famous and widely
acclaimed. This tour helped bring the Spanish Civil War to the world's
attention.
Probably Picasso's most famous
work, Guernica is certainly his
most powerful political statement,
painted as an immediate reaction
to the Nazi's devastating casual
bombing practice on the Basque
town of Guernica during the
Spanish Civil War.

Abstractionism
Another group of artistic styles emerged at
the same time as the expressionist
movement. It had the same spirit of freedom of
expression and openness that characterized
life in the 20th century. Still, it differed from
expressionism in specific ways. This group of
styles was known as abstractionism.

The abstractionist movement arose from the
intellectual points of view in the 20th century. In
science, physicists were formulating a new view of
the universe, which resulted in the concepts of
space-time and relativity. This intellectualism was
reflected even in art. While expressionism was
emotional, abstractionism was logical and rational. It
involved analyzing, detaching, selecting, and
simplifying.

In previous centuries, works of art were a reflection of
the outside world in one way or another. In the 20th
century abstractionism, natural appearances became
unimportant. Artists reduced a scene into geometrical
shapes, patterns, lines, angles, textures, and
swirls of color. The works ranged from
representational abstractionism. It means it depicts
still recognizable subjects to pure abstractionism. In
this style, there is no identifiable theme.

Oval Still Life (Le Violon)
George Braque, 1914
Oil Canvas

Cubism. The cubist derived its name from the cube, a three-
dimensional geometric figure composed of strictly measured
lines, planes, and angles. Cubist artworks were, therefore, a
play of planes and angles on a flat surface. Foremost among
the cubists were Spanish painter/sculptor Pablo Picasso.
In earlier styles, subjects are in a three-dimensional manner,
formed by light and shadow. In contrast, the cubists analyzed
their subjects’ basic geometrical forms and broke them up
into a series of planes. Then they re-assembled these planes,
tilting and interlocking them in different ways.

Three Musicians,
1921 by Pablo
Picasso

Girl Before A
Mirror, 1932 by
Pablo Picasso

Futurism. The movement known as futurism
began in Italy in the early 1900s. As the name
implies, the futurists created art for a fast-paced,
machine-propelled age. They admired the
motion, force, speed, and strength of
mechanical forms. Thus, their works depicted
the dynamic sensation of all these—as can be
seen in the works of Italian painter Gino
Severini.

Mechanical Style. As a result of the
futurist movement, which became
known as the mechanical style
emerged. In this style, basic forms
such as planes, cones, spheres, and
cylinders fit together precisely and
neatly in their appointed places.

This painting is one of the artworks of
Fernand Léger. Mechanical parts such as
crankshafts, cylinder blocks, and pistons are
brightened only by primary colors.
Otherwise, they are lifeless. Even human
figures are mere outlines, rendered
purposely without expression.

Non-objectivism. A style from the logical
geometrical conclusion of abstractionism.
From the very term “non-object,” works in
this style did not make use of figures or
even representations of figures. They did
not refer to recognizable objects or forms in
the outside world.

New York City I, 1942 by Piet
Mondrian

Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Op Art
World events in the mid-20th century immensely influenced human life and, with the
course of art history. World War I (1913 – 1914) and World War II (1941-1945), in particular,
shifted the political, economic, and cultural world stage away from Europe and on to the
“New World” continent America.
The New York School. In the 1920s and 1930s, aspiring young American painters,
sculptors, and writers sailed to Europe to expand their horizons. But during the dark days of
World War II, a reverse migration brought European scientists, architects, and artists to
American shores. New York, in particular, became a haven for the newly-arrived artists and
their American counterparts.
The result was the establishment of what came to be known as “The New York
School”—as opposed to “The School of Paris” that had been very influential in Europe. The
daring young artists in this movement succeeded in creating their synthesis of Europe’s
cubist and surrealist styles. Their style came to be known as abstract expressionism.

Action Painting. One of the forms of abstract
expressionism. Jackson Pollock created through what
came to be known as “action painting.” Pollock worked
on huge canvases spread on the floor, splattering,
squirting, and dribbling paint with (seemingly) no pre-
planned pattern or design in mind. The total effect is
one of vitality, creativity, “energy made visible.”
Pollock’s first one-person-show in New York in 1943
focused worldwide attention on abstract expressionism
for the first time

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