Taxonomy of living organisms

1. ARISTOTLE
Taxonomy of living organisms
SUBMITTED TO, SUBMITTED BY,
DR. GEORGE VARGHESE JIJI SHAJI
ASSISTANT PROFFESOR FIRST YEAR B.Ed.
MOUNT TABOR TRAINNING COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
PATHANAPURAM MOUNT TABOR TRAINING COLLEGE,
PATHANAPURAM

2. ARISTOTLE
(384 – 322 B.C.)
▪ One of the most prominent philosophers and polymath during the classical
period of Ancient Greece.
▪ Given significant contributions to every aspects of human knowledge from
logic to biology to ethics and aesthetics.
▪ Contributions to education are found in the 7th and 8th books of his
monumental publication ‘Politics’

3. LIFE SKETCH
 Aristotle was born in 384 BC in Macedonia ( Northern Greece)
 His father was physician to the king of Macedonia.
 At the age of 7, he went to study at Plato’s Academy.
 Began as a student, became a researcher and finally a teacher.
 Was considered one of Plato’s best students.And he was the tutor of Alexander the Great
 Aristotle founded the Lyceum(Institution of higher education).
 In 322 BC , Aristotle died in Euboea.

4. Philosophical Thoughts
REGARDING LIFE
 3 possible types of life
Lowest type : Sensuous life
Higher type : Life of warriors and politician
Highest type : Life of self- sufficient philosophers contemplating the eternal truth.

5. REALISM AND IMPLICATIONS
 Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism.
 Develop the view that ideas may be important but a proper study of matter could lead us to better and more
distant ideas.
 He never considered man to be completely evil.
 He divide soul of man into two parts.
Rational and Irrational
.The Rational part is composed of two subparts Calculative part and scientific part.
.The Irrational part is composed of two subparts Vegitative part and Desiderative part.
 He advocated the doctrine of golden mean.

6. Taxonomy of Living Organizations
 Aristotle was one of the first taxonomist to organize living things.
 Aristotle taxonomy of living organisms divided all known organism into two groups
PLANTS and ANIMALS (Kingdom plantae and Kingdom Animalia)
 He then divided each of these main groups into three smaller groups.
Animal Subgroups: Land, Water, Air
Plant Subgroups: Small, Medium, Large
 Animal subgroup was again classified into two
Animals with blood Animals without blood
Mammals Insect
Birds and Fish Shelled
Non shelled
 Plants subgroup was again classified
Herbs
Shrubs
Trees

7. Contribution to Education
 According to Aristotle “ Education implies creation of a Sound Mind in a Sound Body.
 The aim of education was not only the attainment of knowledge but also the attainment of happiness or
goodness in life.
 He give more emphasis on making an individual a good human being.
 Considers education as branch of political Science or Politics.
 Aristotle dealt with the individual rather than social aspects of Education.

8. Three Stages in the Development the individual
1) The period of physical growth
2)The period of Irrational appetite or passions
3)The period of reason
Three Aspects of Education:
1) Education of body
2) Education of Character
3) Education of Intellect

9. Curriculum
 Aristotle prescribed the following curriculum:-
a) Gymnastic & Drill: For development of sound bodily condition.
b) Inculcation of good habbits: Cultivation of character
c) Music: "Music is able to modify the Character of the Soul".
d) Study of biology and natural history.
e) Art and literature , science and religion.
 Curriculum for different Stages
1) First Seven Years :- Stress on Physical Education
2) Seven to fourteen years :-Reading & Writing, Music etc
3) Fourteen to twenty one years :-Arithmetic, Biology, Geometry, Metaphysics and so on
4) After twenty one years of Age :-Politics, Religion & Psychology for administrative work, war & peace.

10. Methods of Teaching
● Through experience, discussion,
● From known to unknown
● Inductive and deductive method
ADVANTAGES
 Aristotle education is made up from his
studies of Natural World & is based on
experience.
 According to him things exist for a
Reason
DISADVANTAGES
 Aristotle method of education is
unreliable because experience changes
from person to person.
 All things doesnot exist for a reason.
Some things happen by Chance

11. CONCLUSION
 Aristotle was undoubtedly the greatest among the pioneers of human knowledge
 His philosophy included almost all Sciences and Humanities such as logic, Mathematics,
Physics,Biology, psychology, metaphysics, ethics, politics and aesthetics
 His position in the history of philosophy is unique and Aristotle is the "Master of those
who know".