Presentation Slides

1. Construction
Technology I
• Aaron Yong
• Chang Meiga
• Khoh Seek Yan
• Koh Boon Kiat
• Siew Kha Yee
• Yew Jin Ming

2. A client is proposing to construct a 3-
storey shop-house with 2-storey of
basement. The shop-house is located in
town, the subsoil condition is cohesive
and the water table is far below the
surface. However, there are some factors
that need to be considered before
constructing the building which involves
cost.
a) List FIVE (5) choices that may influence
the cost involved.
b) Discuss the characteristics of all the
FIVE (5) choices listed above.

3. Client requirement
- Construct a 3-storey shop-house with 2-
storey of basement
Site Condition
- Located at town
- Cohesive subsoil
- Water table far below surface

4. 5 choices that may influence the cost involved
Cost of the design
Site investigation and clearance
Construction tool
Choice of material
Temporary work

5. COST OF THE

6. Size Of The Plan
• Size influence the amount of materials needed.

7. Shape Of Plan
• The simpler the shape of a building, the lower the unit cost.
Building A Building B
 Simple
 Rectangular
 Regular
 Complex shaped
 Angular

8. Fullness Of The Plan
• Increase in the “fullness” of a design will also increase the cost per
meter square.

9. Wall to Floor Ratio
• The lower the ratio, the more economical will be the proposal.
50,000:100,000 40,000:100,000

10. Storey Height
• A comparison of the unit rates for a single storey and multi-storey
buildings will show substantial differences.
Single storey Multi storey

11. Duration Of The Plan
• If the clients want the project to complete in shorter time, he will
required more worker to work
• Cost will increase

13. ACCESSIBILITY AND TRANSPORTATION
• Temporary road could be build if necessary.
• Narrow and congested roads.
• Narrow for temporary roads or blocking
off roads for use of transport of materials.
• Deliver materials at night.
CITIES TOWN
• MORE PACKED WITH CARS • LESS PACKED WITH CARS
• HIGHER CHANCE TEMPORARY ROAD
NEEDED
• LOWER CHANCE TEMPORARY ROAD
NEEDED

14. Facilities
• Nearby facilities.
• E.g : School, Hospital, Shops, etc.
• Dangerous for passers-by to be near the
site.
• SOLUTION
• Fencing and erect hoardings.
• Plant warning signs around the site.
• Create a zone.

15. Site Clearance
• Demolition of existing building (Hand tools).
• Removal of plantings and trees.
• Removal of soil to reduce level.
• Excavation needed for construction of basement.
• Ensure that all hazards such as live wire has been
removed (Schneider, 1998).

16. Water Table
• Water Table is level at which groundwater
pressure is equal to atmosphere pressure
• Groundwater exists below the water table,
which divide unsaturated soil and rock from
saturated
• Water table will affect the stability of the
building
• In our case this will be ignore the additional
construction cost cause water table is far
below the building site

17. Subsoils
1. Subsoil is the upper layer of the earth surface, we need to determine the nature of
the soil because the bearing capacity will affect our building stability
2. Three board group of soils are non-cohesive soils, cohesive soils and organic soils
• Ideal subsoil
• Strong and easily drained
• Good foundation
• High excavation cost
• Loose
• Subject to movement
• Good bearing capacity
• Does not drain well
• Take the foundation down at least 1m below ground level

18. Underground Services
• Related department should be
contacted to confirm the position of
gas pipes, main water pipes, sewage,
surface drainage pipes, electricity and
phone cable
• If damage occur during construction,
cost need to be bear

20. Machineries & Equipment
Crawler excavator Wheel loader
• Excavators – Crawler excavator, Wheel excavator
• Loaders – Wheel loader, Backhoe loader, Skid-steer loader

21. Wheel excavator

22. Labour
Other workers:
1) Safety guards
2) Workers in charge
of accommodations &
meals
Decisions:
1) Number of workers needed
2) Amount of pay in order to
employ
3) Who should be employed
more?
Depends on budget &
planning of the project!
Additional costs:
i) Overtime pays
ii) Insurance & health
care

25. Why choose a right materials?
The building materials choose will affect
the overall look of building or house
Choose the right materials for the
project in order to save cost
Prevent part of the buildings replace
frequently in the future

26. Most Common Material used in construction
Steel Cement Bricks

27. Materials that can be use in the project
Plastic TimberMetal GlassConcrete Bricks
• Can be moulded
in any shape or
any form
• Light
• Cost effective
• High durable
• Heat resistance
• Heavy weight
• Water resistance
• Low maintenance
• Light
• Electric resistant
• Allow entry of
sunlight
• Beautification
• High thermal
stability
• Durable

28. Comparison part of the building by using different
material

29. Wooden Door
• Heavy weight
• Sound absorption
• High maintenance
• Higher cost
Glass Door
• Energy efficient material
• Allow the room become bright
• Lower cost
• Cant corrode
• Easier to dirty

30. Glass wall
 Heavy
 More durable
 Required high skill of workers
 Long construction duration
 High cost
 Light
 Short install duration
 Allow entry of light
 Low cost
 Easy to crack
 High maintenance
Brick wall

31. Metal roofing
• Light weight
• Fire and wind resistance
• Simple installation
• Prone to dent
Concrete roofing
• High resistance to moisture
• Resistant to cracks and bending
• Require more time install
• High cost

33. Temporary Work
• Fencing And Hoarding
- Prevent public from going into the site.
- Defines the limit of site and compound.
- Protect the materials and plants in the site.

34. Differences between
Fencing and Hoarding
• Hoarding
(a) Vertical hording- resist wind loads
(b) Fan hoarding- give protection from falling
object
• Fencing
- Less advantages if compare to hoarding.
- More expensive if compare to hoarding.

35. • Fencing or hoarding should be 1.80
meter high above ground.
• Less security guard will be needed when
there is hoarding.
• There will be lockable barrier or gate.

36. Accommodation For Worker

37. Material and Plants Storage
• Storage of plants and materials depends on:
- Durability
- Vulnerability to damage
- Vulnerability to theft

38. • Ways to store plants and materials
- Store inside a container (cement, plaster)
- Leave it outside (bricks)

39. Scaffolding
• Types of scaffolding
- Putlog scaffolding
- Independent scaffolding
- Mobile access tower
• Material mainly used in scaffolding
- Tubular steel
- Tubular aluminium alloy
- Timber

40. Mobile Access Tower
• Partially supported by the
building
• Able to stand on its own • 4 legs is fitted with caster
• Can move manually on ground
Putlog Scaffolding Independent Scaffolding