Hundred years war

1. HUNDRED
YEARS
WAR

2.  The Hundred Years War was a conflict
between England and France that lasted, on
and off, from 1337 until 1453.
 The war is often broken up into three phases:
The first or "Edwardian" campaign lasted
from 1337 until 1360, and went well for the
English. The second or "Caroline" phase of the
war lasted from 1369 until 1389 but was
mixed up with several other wars in the
region and resulted in a loss of much of the
territory previously gained by the English. And
the “Lancastrian” lasted from 1415 until 1453
which saw the slow decline of English
fortunes after the appearance of Joan of
Arc in 1429.

3. CAUSES
OF
HUNDRED
YEARS
WAR

4.  Longstanding problem of French
territory held by English Kings.
 English economic interest in the
woolen trade with Flanders led
England to support the frequent
attempts of Flemish burghers to
rebel against French rule.
 The war involve a succession dispute
over the French crown itself.

5.  When the last Capet king died without an
heir, Edward III, whose mother was the
daughter of the French king, claimed the
throne. The Salic laws, prohibiting
succession through a female line
prevented this, and Philip IV, the first
Valois king was placed on the throne.
Edward did not at first assert his rights,
but after ten years of minor conflicts
between the two kingdoms, he eventually
launched a full scale attack.

6. EDWARDIAN
PHASE
AND THE
BATTLES/
OUTCOME

7. • Edward III was one of the longest reigning kings
in English history and like his grandfather, Edward
I, was a brilliant military leader as well as an
effective administrator.
• First battle was a exceedingly decisive naval battle
at Sluys which effectively destroyed the French
navy.
• The victory at Cressy so demoralized the French
that they were unable to raise the subsequent
siege of Calais, and one of the largest and most
important port cities on the coast of France fell
into English hands, where it remained for over
200 years.

8. • BATTLE OF SLUYS
• English defeated
French
• Fought on June 24,
1340, when the
English fleet of 250
sail, under Sir Robert
Morley and Richard
Fitzalan, attacked the
French fleet of about
200 sail, under
Hugues Quieret,
lying in Sluys
Harbour.

9. • BATTLE OF CRESSY
• English defeated French
• First major engagement
of Hundred Years War.
• Fought on August 26,
1346, when a very
inferior force of English
under Edward III defeated
the French under Philip
VI.
• The French losses were
11 princes, 1,200 knights,
and 30,000 of lesser
ranks, a total exceeding
the whole English force.

10. • SIEGE OF CALAIS
• English defeat
French
• Siege was laid to this
fortress in August
1346 by the English
under Edward III. The
citizens made a
gallant defense,
holding out for nearly
a year, but at last
were forced to
surrender August 4,
1347.

11. • BATTLE OF POITIERS
• English defeat French
• Second major
engagement of
Hundred Years War
• Fought September 19,
1356, between 8,000
English, under Edward
the Black Prince, and
80,000 French, under
King John of France.

12. • BATTLE OF CADSAND
• English defeat French-
Flemish
• Fought November 10,
1357, between 2,500
English under the Earl
of Derby, and 5,000
Flemings in the French
service. The Flemings
were defeated with a
loss of 1,000 men.

13. THE COMMANDER
• Edward III of England
 Reigned for nearly 50 years. Invaded France, and won
the Battles of Crecy and Calais
• Philip VI of France
 French King who contended against Edward III in the
Hundred Years War.
• Edward the Black Prince
 Excellent general and leader who ruled alongside his
father, Edward III. Victor at the Battle of Poitiers.
• King John of France
 French King who was captured by the Black Prince at
the Battle of Poitiers, and died in captivity.

14. CAROLINE
PHASE
AND THE
BATTLES/
OUTCOME

15. • Although France and England were officially at
peace with each other for ten years after the Battle
of Poitiers, there was still much fighting in the region.
• France and England took opposite sides of two
ongoing wars of succession going on at the time.
• A king in Castile (Pedro the Cruel) had been deposed
and requested help from the Black Prince to regain
his throne, and at nearly the same time, the Blois
and Montfort families were fighting it out for control
of the Duchy of Brittany. Two of the major battles
fought during the 1360's, first the Battle of Auray in
the north, and then the Battle of Navarette in the
South, had to do with these wars of succession.

16. • BATTLE OF AURAY
ENGLISH(MONTFORT)
DEFEATED
FRENCH(BLOIS)
• Fought September
27, 1364, between
the partisans of John
de Montfort, and
those of Charles of
Blois, the rival
claimants to the
Dukedom of
Brittany.

17. • BATTLE OF COCHEREL
• French defeat
English(Navarre)
• Fought May, 1364,
between the Navarrese
under Jean de Grailli,
aided by a force of
English mercenaries
under John Joel, and the
French, 10,000 strong,
under Bertrand du
Guesclin. Du Guesclin,
who was executing a
strategic retreat, was
attacked by the English,
who were surrounded
and overpowered, Joel
falling.

18. • BATTLE OF NÁJERA
• English(Pedro)
defeated
French(Henry)
• Fought April 3, 1367,
between 24,000
English, under Edward
the Black Prince, and
60,000 French and
Spaniards, under
Bertrand du Guesclin
and Henry de
Trastamare.

19. • BATTLE OF
PONTVALLAIN
• French defeated English
• Fought 1370,
between the French,
under du Guesclin,
and the English, under
Sir Thomas Granson.
The French surprised
the English camp, but
the English rallied,
and a severe conflict
followed, in which the
French attack was at
first repulsed.

20. • BATTLE OF LA ROCHELLE
• Fought June 22, 1372,
when an English fleet,
under the Earl of
Pembroke, intended for
the relief of La Rochelle,
was intercepted by a
greatly superior Spanish
fleet, under Don
Ambrosio Bercenegra,
and after very hard
fighting was entirely
destroyed or captured.

21. THE COMMANDERS
• Simon de Montfort
 French nobleman who led resistance to
Henry III and laid foundations of English
Parliament.
• Charles Blois
 French noble who contended with the
Montfort family for control of Britany.
• Pedro of Castile
 King of Spain reputed to be a shifty and
murderous tyrant.

22. • Edward the Black Prince
 Excellent general and leader who ruled
alongside his father, Edward III. Victor at
the Battle of Poitiers.
• Bertrand du Guesclin
 French commander during the Hundred Years
war, who harassed the English rather than
seeking pitched battles.
• John of Gaunt
 Third son of Edward III, and father of Henry
Bolingbroke. Extremely influential 14th
century noble.

23. LANCASTRIA
N
PHASE
AND THE
BATTLES/
OUTCOME

24. • The final phase of the Hundred Years war began
with a tremendous victory for the English, against
great odds, at the Battle of Agincourt.
• In spite of their losses, the English were still
optimistic about their prospects in France, when in
1435, the Burgundians deserted the English and
allied themselves instead with Charles VII, the
hereditary king of France. This dramatically
changed the balance of power in the area, since
England had depended on their Burgundian allies
to hold territory that they had conquered.
Although in terms of military tactics, weapons, and
organization, England was clearly superior, France
was too large and heavily populated to be
occupied permanently unless England was allied
with local interests.

25. • BATTLE OF
AGINCOURT
• English defeated
French
• Fought October 25,
1415, between the
French, numbering
50,000, under the
Constable d'Albret,
and about 15,000
English, mostly
archers, under Henry
V.

26. • SIEGE OF ROUEN
• English defeated
French
• After a gallant
defense the garrison
surrendered January
15, 1419, the city
paying a ransom of
300,000 crowns.

27. • BATTLE OF BEAUGÉ
• French defeated
English
• Fought March 22,
1421, between the
English under the
Duke of Clarence, and
the Armagnacs, aided
by the Scottish
mercenaries,
resulting in one of the
few defeats sustained
by the English during
the French wars.

28. • BATTLE OF CRAVANT
• English defeated French
• Fought July 31, 1423. A
force of Armagnacs under
Buchan, Constable of
France, with some Scottish
mercenaries under Sir John
Stewart, was advancing
upon Craonne, the capture
of which town would
secure Charles VIIs
communications with
Champagne.

29. • BATTLE OF VERNEUIL
• English defeated
French
• Fought August 18,
1424, between 3,000
English, under the
Duke of Bedford,
and 18,000 French
and Scots, under the
Constable Buchan
and the Earl of
Douglas.

30. • SIEGE OF ORLEANS
• French defeated
English
• The turning point of
Hundred Years War
• In April, 1429, a
French force, 7,000
strong, under Dunois
and Joan of Arc,
succeeded in entering,
it having been found
impossible to invest
the place completely.

31. • BATTLE OF THE HERRINGS
• English defeated French
• Fought at Roncray-St.-Denis,
February 12, 1429. Sir John
Fastolfe was in charge of a
convoy of salt fish for the
English army before Orleans,
and hearing of the approach
of a French force, under the
Bastard of Orleans, intrenched
himself at Roncray. Here the
French attacked him, and
were repulsed with heavy
loss, the Bastard being
severely wounded.

32. • BATTLE OF PATAY
• French defeated
English
• Fought June 18,
1429, between the
French, under Joan
of Arc and the Duc
d'Alenpon, and the
English, under Talbot
and Sir John Fastolfe.

33. • BATTLE OF FORMIGNY
• French defeated
English
• Fought April 15,
1450, when the
newly landed English
reinforcements under
Kyrielle were totally
defeated, and almost
annihilated, by the
French under the
Comte de Clermont.

34. • SIEGE OF CASTILLON
• French defeated English
• This was the last battle of
the Hundred Years' War,
and was fought July 17,
1453. The English under
Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury,
marched to the relief of
Castillon, and attacked the
lines of the besiegers, but
were taken in flank by a
sortie from the French
entrenchments and totally
defeated, Talbot being
slain.

35. THE
COMMANDERS
• Henry V of England
 Led a victorious army of long bowmen against
France at Agincourt.
• Joan of Arc
 Led the French Army to Victory at the Siege of
New Orleans. Burned at the stake by English.

36. • The Hundred Years war, therefore,
effectively ended the age of Chivalry
and brought the Middle Ages to a
close.
• The succession of conflicts known as
the Hundred Years War ended on
October 19th,
1453, when Bordeaux
surrendered, leaving Calais as the last
English possession in France.