Conditionals

1. ZERO
FIRST
SECOND
THIRD

2. There are 4 main types of
if sentences in English,
often called conditional sentences.
• These sentences are in two clauses:
• The if part (if clause)
• The other part where you can use words such as can,
will, may, might, could and would (main clause)

3. There are 4 main types of
if sentences in English,
often called conditional sentences.
Use a comma if the if clause is at the beginning of the
sentence.
Example: If I go to London, I will visit the Tower.
Don’t use a comma if the if clause is at the end of the
sentence.
Example: I will visit the Tower if I go to London.

4. If I am late for school,
my teacher gets angry.
If clause Main clause
If + Present simple Present simple

5. It is used when the situation is real and
possible. Also, it is used to refer to general
truths. “If" can usually be replaced by
"when" without changing the meaning
If clause Main clause
If + Present simple Present simple

6. If I oversleep …

7. I miss the bus.

8. If I miss the bus, I am late for school.

9. If I am late for school, my teacher gets angry.

10. If I go to London,
I will see the Big Ben.
If clause Main clause
If + Present tense will / can / may / must + verb
•

11. First conditional sentences are used to
express situations in which the outcome
is likely (but not guaranteed) to happen
in the future.
If clause Main clause
If + Present tense will / can / may / must + verb
•

12. The word “if” can be replaced by the
word “when”. However, “when” is used
only for something that definitely will
happen.
If clause Main clause
If + Present tense will / can / may / must + verb
•

13. •
If Giles comes
back to the office,
can you tell him
I’ve gone home.
The speaker does not know
whether Giles is coming back to
the office. It is possible, but not
definite.
When Giles comes
back to the office,
can you tell him
I’ve gone home.
The speaker is certain that Giles
is coming back to the office.

14. If I go to London …

15. I will see the Big Ben.

16. If I go to Buckingham Palace,
I can take a photo of the Royal Guard.

17. If you go to London,
you must look right before crossing a street

18. If clause Main clause
If + Past Simple would / could / might + verb
If I were an astronaut,
I would travel in a spaceship.

19. If clause Main clause
If + Past Simple would / could / might + verb
It is used to refer to a situation that is
unreal. These sentences are not based
on fact. It is an imaginary situation.

20. If I were an astronaut,
I would travel in a spaceship.

21. If I travelled in a spaceship,
I would go to Mars.

22. Nice to
meet you!
If I went to Mars,
I would meet a Martian.

23. If I met a Martian,
I wouldn’t understand him.
? 


24. If I didn’t understand him,
I would come back to the Earth.

25. If I had studied hard,
I would have passed my exams.
If clause Main clause
If + Past Perfect
tense
would/could/might + have + past
participle

26. If I had studied hard,
I would have passed my exams.
If clause Main clause
If + Past Perfect
tense
would/could/might + have + past
participle

27. The type 3 conditional is used to refer
to a time that is in the past, and a
situation that is contrary to reality.
If clause Main clause
If + Past Perfect
tense
would/could/might + have + past
participle

28. If you had studied hard,
you wouldn’t have failed your exam.

29. If you had passed your exam,
you could have gone to the beach.

30. If I had gone to the
beach, I would have
made sand castles.