Alexander the Great built a vast empire by conquering Greece, Egypt, and Persia. He spread Greek culture throughout his empire and founded many cities named Alexandria. After Alexander's death at age 33, his generals divided his empire among themselves, establishing Hellenistic kingdoms in Macedonia, Egypt, and Syria. However, these kingdoms did not last long and were later conquered by the Roman Empire.

1. Alexander the Great
Key Terms
• Philip II
• Phalanx
• Alexander the Great
• Hellenistic
The Big Idea: Alexander the Great built a huge
empire and helped spread Greek culture
into Egypt and Asia.

2. Macedonia to the North
• Greece underestimated
Macedonia.
• Philip II, Macedonia’s
new king, began to
plan his attack on
Greece.
• Athenian leaders knew
they would be attacked
but couldn’t rally
troops.
Macedonia attacked and defeated Greece.
Philip II was adopted as Greece’s leader.
The Greeks
thought the
Macedonians
were
barbarians.

3. Alexander’s teacher was Aristotle

4. Philip’s Military Strength
• Philip was an awesome
military leader.
• He is famous for
perfecting the phalanx.
• A phalanx was a group of
warriors who stood close
together in a square, each
with a spear.
• As soldiers were killed,
another would step
forward.
After tackling Greece, Philip II looked to conquer Persia. Unfortunately, he was
murdered, passing his throne to his son, Alexander.
Philip’s spears
were 16 feet
long.

5. Alexander Gets Angry
• After Philip died, Thebes,
another Greek city,
rebelled against
Alexander.
• Alexander made an
example of Thebes by
destroying the city and
enslaving its people.
• Confident nobody else
would rebel, Alexander
began to build an empire.
Alexander
was only
20 when
he took
power.
Alexander earned the name Alexander the Great
when he became one of the greatest conquerors in history.

6. Building an Empire
• Alexander started by
invading Persia, winning
over and over.
• Then, he went into Egypt
and was immediately
crowned a pharaoh
without a fight.
• Alexander then defeated
Persia once and for all
after the king fled, making
him the ruler.
How do you think historians know this is a picture of Alexander the Great?

7. Alex’s Empire

8. Alexander’s Death
• Alexander wanted to
continue building his
empire, but his army
refused to go on.
• On his way home,
Alexander got sick in
Babylon.
• He died at 33 and was
taken to Egypt to be
buried in a golden coffin.
Nobody knows how Alexander died, but some say he was poisoned. Others say
it was malaria.

9. Greek Culture Spreads
• Alexander’s empire
was the biggest ever.
• He founded cities in
the lands he conquered
and named many
Alexandria.
• He modeled many
cities after Greece
with temples and
theaters.
Alexander encouraged Greeks to move to the new cities.
Greek
language, art,
literature, and
science
spread around
Alex’s empire.

10. Greek Culture Spreads
• Alexander also
encouraged his new
people to keep their
cultures.
• This mixed Greek
culture with the
original cultures.
• These new cultures
were called
Hellenistic, or Greek
like.
Hellenistic combined Persian, Egyptian,
Syrian, and other cultures with Greek ideas.
Alexander’s
empire was
a melting
pot of
cultures!

11. Hellenistic Kingdoms
• When Alexander died,
he did not have an
obvious heir.
• Three generals ended
up fighting for and
winning power.
• One became king of
Macedonia, another of
Egypt, and the third of
Greece.

12. The new Syria
had too many
different cultures and
differing ideas
to survive. They
were also defeated
by Romans.
The new Egypt
developed
a center of culture and
learning. Eventually,
it was conquered
By Rome.
The new Macedonia
had a weak
government and
was conquered
by the Romans.
Hellenistic
Kingdoms