Replacing a crossbar switch with ‘virtual’ IP packet switching - The ability to expand video-over-IP systems ‘one piece at a time’ and the decentralized nature of the matrix makes the technology very compelling for any size or scope of AV project.. AV-over-IP is the transport of AV signals over a standard Ethernet network, including… HD Video (e.g. HDMI, DVI) Audio Control Signals (e.g. IR) Peripheral Signals (e.g. USB) Does Dante require special switches? No. We strongly recommend that Gigabit switches be used due to the clear advantages in performance and scalability. Does Dante require a dedicated network infrastructure? No, a dedicated network infrastructure is not required. Dante-enabled devices can happily coexist with other equipment making use of the network, such as general purpose PCs sending and receiving email and other data. Does Dante require any special network infrastructure? No, special network infrastructure is not required. Since Dante is based upon universally accepted networking standards, Dante-enabled devices can be connected using inexpensive off-the-shelf Ethernet switches and cabling. What features are important when purchasing a switch? Dante makes use of standard Voice over IP (VoIP) Quality of Service (QoS) switch features, to prioritize clock sync and audio traffic over other network traffic. VoIP QoS features are available in a variety of inexpensive and enterprise Ethernet switches. Any switches with the following features should be appropriate for use with Dante: Gigabit ports for inter-switch connections Quality of Service (QoS) with 4 queues Diffserv (DSCP) QoS, with strict priority Totally new to AV over IT? This may help. If you have worked with any of the popular protocols, your time is better spent in other sessions. AV over IT methods vary in application of OSI model. Audio Networking - One RJ45 and CAT5 cable for dozens of signal paths. Switches can provide hardware time stamping which allows synchronization, offsets, and corrections. All covered in IEEE 1588. Ethernet Timing & Priority Standards - All audio over Ethernet protocols require Priority, Sequence, & Sync Differentiated Services / Quality of Service (DiffServ, QoS) Priority by data type (Clock Sync and Audio Packets over Email) Traffic prioritized based upon tags in IP Header (Layer 3) Priority number assigned by manage switch to each packet Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Keeps data sequenced in the right order Time stamp on UDP header Works with RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol) for QoS and Sync Variation: RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) works on TCP and not UDP Does not reserve resources or provide for quality of service Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) IEEE 1588 Sub-microsecond accuracy to synchronize subnets Layer 2 - Switches provide hardware-based time stamping

1. BusinessValue
StrategicAsset
Ethernet for Sound
 SYNCE integration.
 Eliminate the Cross
Connect.
 IP Signal Distribution
 Dante,
 AVB/TSN,
 CobraNet
‘future-proof AV’
Why?Why?How?

2. XoS “Audio Video”

3. 8 X
Lower Cost
• Cost effective way to direct multiple services per
subscriber (business & residential) to different
Content Providers
Extreme Factoid:
Over 100 carrier customers globally
4000 X more
Ethernet VPNsExtreme Factoid: Built some of the
largest Carrier Ethernet networks
with 100,000’s of ports
Wiring of a patch bay of an outside broadcasting van
Before After

4. Ethernet in Media & Broadcast
Proprietary Digital/Analog
Ethernet
Separate Media Networks
Converged Media Production Network, Teaming up with
the audio and video industry’s leading experts and
67% CAPEX Savings
35% OPEX Savings
Over a 5 year period

5. AV Signal Distribution and Control over IP
Distribute content from a single source
to hundreds of displays
Distance! Scalability! Flexibility!

6. Which one when?
AVB / TSN
(Audio Video Bridging)
Need to run on existing
network - Rapid Adoption
Growing
 Plug & Play
 Existing networks
 1-5ms Latency
 Name Based Routing
 Common Control
Application
 Network Setup may take
time for QoS
https://www.audinate.com/
about/history
Are able to upgrade network
to AVB/ TSN certified
switches - Adoption in flux
 Plug & Play
implementations,
Standard. Implementation
will vary
 Easy network setup
 Excellent sync & Low
latency
 192K / 32 bit floating point
 2ms Latency
 Requires certified switch
 Control & Config per mfg
If CobraNet is already
in place
Tried and true
 Adoption Waning
 Not Suggested with
other network
traffic
 One sample rate
per system
 8 Channel Bundles
It’s about the network…

7. Networking Basics
Why audio networking - It’s not about the standard or the protocol. They are
just a means to an end. Most of the time, any of the options, when properly
configured will do the job. Technical and Capabilities Overview, For audio –
any will work. AVB/TSN is the only one that really supports any payload.
Any audio - Anywhere
 AVB/TSN
 CobraNet
 Dante
Legacy Way
≠ Everything Point-to-Point or through matrix
switch
≠ Individual terminations on every signal path
≠ Heavy multi-core snakes
≠ Reconfiguration and growth not very
flexible
≠ Signal degradation with distance
≠ Minimal distribution-related latency

8. CobraNet “Tried & True…”
 Dedicated network not required
 Dedicated network recommended
 VLAN’s an option to segment traffic
 Pops, clicks, or dropouts
Bandwidth use up to capacity of the switch
 Now owned by Cirrus Logic
 Combination of software, hardware and network protocol
 Layer 2 Protocol compatible with standard network
infrastructure
CobraNet Background
http://www.cobranet.info/support/design

9. Dante Networking
2003 Former team from Motorola starts Audinate
 March 2015: Passed 200 Manufactures. 6 months after passing 150
 20 Million Dante Network Channels – 50% shipped in last 12 months
 Wide adoption & major events - Pope Francis, Paul McCartney, Bruce
Springsteen, Elton John, Bob Dylan, Kenny Chesney, Foo Fighters, The Killers, etc
Dante Controller – Routing
Standard Switch OK
 Managed switch preferred
 Will work with AVB switches
 Dedicated Network: No

10. How does Dante use DSCP / QoS?
Switches prioritize packets using what are called DSCP/Diffserv values. Although
Dante packet priority values have been chosen to make it simple to configure
QoS with many switches, some switches require special configuration to recognize
and prioritize specific DSCP values. The table below shows how Dante uses
various Diffserv Code Points (DSCP) packet priority values:
Priority Usage DSCP Label Hex Decimal Decimal
High
Time critical
PTP events
CS7 0x38 56 111000
Medium Audio, PTP EF 0x2E 46 101110
Low (reserved) CS1 0x08 8 001000
None Other traffic BestEffort 0x00 0 000000
How does Dante manage QoS? Dante uses standard Voice over IP (VoIP) Quality of
Service (QoS) switch features to prioritize clock sync and audio traffic over other
network traffic. QoS is available in many inexpensive and enterprise Ethernet
switches. Any switch that supports Diffserv (DSCP) QoS with strict priority and 4
queues, and has Gigabit ports for inter-switch connections should be appropriate for
use with Dante.

11. Dante Software
Dante Virtual Soundcard
 Provides routing from individual channels within internal applications
 ProTools, Cubase, etc
Dante Via, Allows a standard Apple Mac or Windows PC to function as a Dante
device. No Dante enabled hardware required
Some Dante (and many CobraNet) devices offer Primary and Secondary
ports
 For redundancy, not to daisy chain off ports
 For automatic cutover in case of network failure

12. AVB - Stream Reservations
Stream Reservations for AV held by the switch. No need to setup VLANs,
because it pretty much does it itself in the background
Once setup, <0.5ms latency.
 Switch reserves up to 75% of bandwidth for media
 Queue in the switch to hold non-AVB signals and prioritize AVB over
DiffServ
 Guaranteed synch (<0.5ms, 1 Gigabit). Simplification - Enable AVB switch
command

13. AVB / TSN
“It’s not a protocol, it’s a standard”
Standards:
 Agreed upon underlying
technologies
 that allow things to work
 i.e. Ethernet
Protocols:
 A methodology
 May utilize standards to
accomplish a function
 Requires standards to
function with other
technologies
 i.e. Email

14. Audio and video systems
AVB networks are used to
 Support time & bandwidth-
sensitive applications
 Using standard Ethernet while
 Coexisting with other “legacy”
(or non-AV) Ethernet traffic.
Synchronization & QoS
 Voice, video & control.
 Multiple audio streams for a
multi-digital speaker
deployment in a large venue.
 Multiple Video streams in a
security surveillance
application.Summit
Ethernet AVB

15. • The key is the measurement of delay
– … which can be done via a packet exchange
such as done in NTP (Network Time Protocol)
network
Client Server
client msg
server msg
Origin Timestamp: t1
Receive Timestamp: t2
Transmit Timestamp: t3
Destination Timestamp: t4
know: t1,t2,t3,t4
round trip delay=((t4-t1)-(t3-t2))
one-way delay is half of
the round trip, but only if
delays are symmetric
• A client can then use a time value transmitted by a server just by
adding the delay

16. Deterministic Ethernet
• How do we communicate the time of the start
of a packet that is being transmitted?
– Send that time in a later packet, the “follow up”,
as the “precise origin timestamp”
• It is possible to insert the timestamp into a transmit packet on the fly … this is
called “one step messaging” …

17. Deterministic Ethernet
• Bridges Delays are now relatively constant, since they are just cable delays, without
queues or buffers
– 1588 calls this a “transparent clock”, required in 802.1AS
• A “correction field” in the FollowUp is incremented by the upstream delay and the
residence time (t3-t2)
– The correction field plus the precise origin timestamp plus the upstream delay is the correct time

18. Deterministic Ethernet
Done infrequently since delays are stable

19. AVB Credit Based Shaper Example
IEEE 802.1Q
19

20. Stream Reservation Example
Talker
Advertise
• stream ID
• accumulated latency = talker latency
• frame length
• interval
•…
• stream ID
• accumulated latency += bridge latency
• frame length
• interval
•…
• stream ID
• accumulated latency += bridge latency
• frame length
• interval
•…
S S S S S
S Listener
Ready
RRRRR
Listener
Ready
R
S
S
SS S
R
R

21. AVB Domains

22. AVB Network

23. Oday’s studio
23
Today’s
Studio

24. 24
AVB Studio

25. 25
AVB Studio
Why AVB
- Reduce Cabling Complexity
- Move to Ethernet Technology Cost Curves
- Standards Based, Certified Interoperability

26. -
• Overall AVB architecture and components:
– IEEE 802.1BA: Audio Video Bridging
Systems
• Time synchronization for AVB:
– IEEE 802.1AS: Timing and
Synchronization for Time-Sensitive
Applications (gPTP)
• QoS for AVB:
– IEEE 802.1Q (was 802.1ak): Multiple
Registration Protocol (MRP) & Multiple
VLAN Registration Protocol (MVRP)
– IEEE 802.1Q (was 802.1Qav):
Forwarding and Queuing for Time-
Sensitive Streams (FQTSS)
– IEEE 802.1Q (was 802.1Qat): Stream
Reservation Protocol (SRP) / Multiple
Stream Reservation Protocol (MSRP)
For Internal Use Only. Extreme Networks Confidential and Proprietary.
Not to be distributed outside of Extreme Networks, Inc.
SRP
MVRPMSRP
FQTSS MRP
MMRP
gPTP

27. Support of AVB in LAG
Solution Overview
• Bring benefits of greater bandwidth or
increased resiliency to AVB
• Adds two modes for how MSRP calculates
the available bandwidth of a LAG for use in
making stream reservations:
• In single-port mode, the LAG is simply a way to
provide redundancy. Effective bandwidth is
set to the minimum bandwidth of all member
ports.
• In cumulative mode, the LAG trades
redundancy for extra bandwidth. Effective
bandwidth = complete bandwidth of one
active member and partial bandwidth of
other member ports.
Value Proposition
• Continued differentiation
• Increased resiliency

28. The Network is the Switch
AV-over-IP solutions provide a
compelling alternative
AV-over-IP HDBaseT
Cabling CAT5e, 6, 6a CAT6 (shielded)
Network Standard Ethernet Dedicated cable runs
Multi-cast Yes No
Video signal Lossless compression Uncompressed
Bandwidth requirement <150 Mbps 6 Gbps
Distance Unlimited* 330 ft.
Number of displays Unlimited
Depending on number
of ports on transmitter
Cost for 1:8 application $3300 $5000

29. 29
Ethernet Change
Drives Lower Costs

30. E4G Value
Proposition30
Cell Site
Base Stations
Transport
TDM Mux
Switch
Router
Timing Source
Alarm Unit
NID
TDM Pseudowire
Base Stations
Transport
E4G-200
Cell Site

31. Ethernet 4G Mobile Backhaul
Protocols
Industry Standard Protocols Simplify Operations

32. OAM – putting it all Together
Provider Domain
Customer Domain
C1
C2
802.3ah
Discovery of OAM
between Devices
Link Monitoring
Remote Fault
Indication
Remote LoopBack
Last Dying Gasp
Critical Event
Notification
802.1ag
Continuity Check
Messages
MAC Ping
MAC Trace Route
Multiple Administrative
Domain
Y.1731
Fault Management
Diagnostics
Performance Monitoring
Loss/Jitter/Delay
Measurements
AIS/RDI notification
C1
C2
802.3ah
Link Level
OAM
Operator Domain Operator Domain
Operator Domain
802.1ag
Connectivity
Fault Mgmt
IEEE 802.3ah
IEEE 802.1ag
ITU-T Y.1731
Y.1731 Ethernet
Service and
Performance
Monitoring

33. Who cares About AVB
Automotive
Consumer
Telepresence
Displays
Medical
Pro Video
Pro
Audio
Why Do They Care
Precise Sync and Predictable Latency
Reduce Cabling Complexity and Weight
Move to Ethernet Technology Cost Curves
Standards Based, Certified Interoperability