Hays ADDRESSING Model TemplateCOMPLETE ALL AREAS OF THIS TABLE

Hays ADDRESSING Model Template
COMPLETE ALL AREAS OF THIS TABLE FOR YOUR
ASSESSMENT
An example of a partially completed table is provided on the
next page.Cultural Group (according to the ADDRESSING
model)How You IdentifyImplications for your work. Consider
where you have privilege, and what groups might be easy or
difficult to work with.
A. Age (and generational influences).
Young adult (30s) Specifically
Although I personally consider my age to be a privilege in many
circumstances my age could be a detriment because my age is
viewed as incompetent and unsophisticated. My clients may be
hesitant of my credentials, aptitudes, and competences to work
with them as well as their children. These clients would be
difficult for me to work with.
D. Disability (developmental).
None
I am privileged to not suffer from a developmental disability
that could potentially hinder me from being a psychology
professional. I am also privileged to have experience in working
with children with developmental disabilities therefore, it would
not be easy for me to work with children with disabilities, but it
would be difficult for me to work with adults with
developmental disabilities.
D. Disability (acquired).
None
I do not have an acquired disability. Therefore, I do not have
any impairments hindering me.
R. Religion and spiritual identity.
Christian
I am privileged to be a Christian and a strong believer in God. It

would be easier for me to work with those who share in my
beliefs, but I do not foresee complications arising in working
with others that do not, solely based on their choice of religion;
because I have experience in working with co-workers, parents,
and children that share a different belief than myself.
E. Ethnicity and racial identity.
African American (Black)
I consider it a great privilege to be an African American.
However, in society being African American is a disadvantage
because we are perceived as beneath those of the Caucasian
ethnicity. Prejudices, racism, and negative stereotypes towards
African Americans still exist. It would be easier for me to work
with other African Americans. However, it would be difficult
for me to work with those that have a negative opinion of
African Americans.
S. Socioeconomic status.
Middle Class
I am privileged to have grown up in a middle-class family. I
have been forwarded opportunities that some people in lower -
class were not. I am privileged to have been given a good
education, great experiences, and overall a great home
atmosphere by both parents. Although I have a passion for
helping people that are a part of the lower-class It would be
easier for me to work with other middle-class individuals
because I do not understand from a personal standpoint the
struggles, experiences, and circumstances that are associated
with being part of the lower-class.
S. Sexual orientation.
Heterosexual (Straight)
I do not agree that same sex relationships are ok, but it would
not be difficult to work with persons that are homosexual. I
have worked with heterosexuals, homosexuals, and bisexuals.
The way they choose to live their lives outside of the work
atmosphere has no effect on me.
I. Indigenous heritage.
Not Applicable

Not Applicable
N. National origin.
American
I am privileged to be an American of African descent. It would
be easier to work with other Americans of African descent.
However, other than possible language or culture barriers I do
not believe that my national origin would affect my ability to
work with others.
G. Gender.
Gender: Female
I would have difficulty working with individuals who believe
that some stereotypic gender roles are solely for that gender. In
addition, I would have difficulty working with someone that
views men superior to women. Lastly, I would also have
difficulty working with males that identify as female and
females that identify as male.
After filling out the table above, review your entries. Then use
the space below and respond to the following:
1. Based on your entries to the table above, evaluate three areas
where you have privilege and three areas where you do not (this
is also part of the first discussion in this course). Provide
examples of each.
Three areas in which I have privilege are my religion, my non-
developmental
disability, and my socioeconomic status. I was privileged to
grow up in a Christian household; learning to believe in, serve,
and trust into a marvelous God. It’s a privilege to worship him.
The fact that I do not have a developmental disability is also a
privilege in that I do not have any mental or physical
impairments such as autism, a learning disorder, etc. that would
hinder me from working with others as a psychologist. It is also
a privilege to have experience in working with children with
developmental delays. Children with developmental delays are
some of the sweetest kids that are very intelligent, and they

have taught me a lot over the years. Lastly, I am privileged to
be a part of the middle-class because I was given opportunities
that a lot of other children were not given. In addition, I never
had to worry whether or not I would eat on a certain day or
wonder if the lights were going to be shut off. My parents
provided me with a very good life. I am blessed to have parents
that worked hard and were able to provide a great lifestyle for
themselves and me as well. Three areas in which I do not have
privilege are my age, ethnicity, and gender. Being in my young
adult years it is possible that I will not be taken seriously. My
age is associated with inexperience and naivety. As a result, my
clients may be hesitant of my credentials, aptitudes, and
competences to work with them as well as their children. Lastly,
as an African American it is not uncommon to be viewed as
uneducated or beneath those of a Caucasian ethnicity. This
means that I have to work twice sometimes three times as hard
than a Caucasian with the same educational background and
status. As a woman it is difficult to get recognized for good
work accomplishments. In a lot of professional fields men are
viewed as superior to women. In addition, they are respected
more, paid more, and are recognized more.
2. Evaluate how your own cultural identities or other factors
may possibly influence you to have any biases in relation to
others with different cultural identities.
I am an African American woman that was reared in a Christian
home.
I grew up on Christian beliefs. Although I don’t judge or have a
problem with someone that has had a child and is not married, I
am biased against those that continue to have 2, 3,4+ children
without being married, especially when there are 2, 3, 4+
fathers involved. This bias could possibly influence me in that
it could cause me to prejudge without knowing or understanding
the entire story. In addition, I do not believe that homosexual
relationships are ok. This could possibly influence me to be bias

for heterosexuals and bias against homosexuals. Lastly, I am a
feminine female which can cause me to have a bias against
males that are feminine or females that are masculine.
3. Analyze the implications your cultural identifications may
have on your professional relationships.
Although I am twenty-six years old and consider myself to be
an intelligent
adult others may not view me this way. My age could cause
colleagues and clients to assume I am unequipped to be a
psychology professional. As a result, my professional work may
not be trusted or deemed accurate. While I do not have a
developmental disability, I do have familiarity in working with
children that do. As a child therapist it is essential that parents
and caregivers trust you with their children. My experience
would supply parents of children with special needs with some
reassurance that I am capable of handling their child with the
appropriate care and professionalism. As a Christian, working
with children and families that are also of a Christian
background would be easier. For religious families of
Christianity God brings a source of comfort, peace, and joy
amongst other feelings. The ability to encourage clients through
their spirituality can really aid in their healing, especially for
children who often are looking for something or someone to be
that source of comfort, peace, and joy. On the other hand, for
those of divergent religious beliefs I would be unable to connect
with them on a spiritual level. My cultural identity as an
African American may influence my professional
relationships with diverse types of clients and colleagues. For
example, it would be challenging to work with a client or
colleague with negative or racist feelings toward African
Americans. It would be simpler to work with other African
Americans. People tend to trust people that are like them as
oppose to someone that is completely different. As a middle-
class individual my professional appearance could potentially
cause those of a lower-class socioeconomic status to be

uncomfortable. It is important to make all clients feel
comfortable with who they are working with in order to build
trusting relationships. On the other hand, it would be arduous to
work with persons from an upper-class status, mainly those that
deem themselves as above and superior to everyone else. As a
heterosexual Christian I do not believe in same sex
relationships. However, I do not support those that choose to
“gay bash” homosexual individuals. It would be tough to work
with someone that chooses to bash others based on their
sexuality. It would also be hard to work with individuals who
believe that some stereotypic gender roles are solely for that
gender, or that believes women as inferior to men. Women can
do the same things as men, often times they do things better. It
would be easier to work with someone that places men and
women on an equal level playing field when they have the same
amount of education, experience, and any other credentials they
have obtained.
References
Adams, D., Handley, L., Simkiss, D., Walls, E., Jones, A.,
Knapp, M., Romeo, R., & Oliver, C. (2018). Service use and
access in young children with an intellectual disability or global
developmental delay: Associations with challenging
behaviour. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental
Disability, 43(2), 232–241. https://doi-
org.library.capella.edu/10.3109/13668250.2016.1238448
Forouzadeh, M., Kiani, M., & Bazmi, S. (2018).
Professionalism and its role in the formation of medical
professional identity. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic
of Iran, 32(1), 1–4. https://doi-
org.library.capella.edu/10.14196/mjiri.32.130
Hays, P. A. (2008). Looking into the clinician's mirror: Cultural
self-assessment. In P. A. Hays (Ed.), Addressing cultural
complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy
(2nd ed., pp. 41–62). Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association.

Latina, S. V. (2010). Gender stereotypes in the contemporary
humanities. Anthropology
& Archeology of Eurasia, 49(2), 66–75. https://doi-
org.library.capella.edu/10.2753/AAE1061-1959490204
Schmidt, S. G. (2016). Recognizing potential barriers to setting
and achieving effective
rehabilitation goals for patients with persistent
pain. Physiotherapy Theory & Practice, 32(5), 415–426.
https://doi-
Torres, S. A., & DeCarlo Santiago, C. (2017). Culture and
educational stress and
internalizing symptoms among latino adolescents: The role of
ethnic identity. Journal of Educational & Psychological
Consultation, 27(3), 344–366. https://doi-
THIS IS A PARTIALLY COMPLETED EXAMPLE AND IS
PROVIDED TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND HOW TO USE
THE TEMPLATE.Cultural Group (according to the
ADDRESSING model)How You IdentifyImplications for your
work. Consider where you have privilege, and what groups
might be easy or difficult to work with.
Middle age (40s).
I would have difficulty working with children and young adults
(15–20). I realize I’m too verbal in my therapy approach, and
appreciate clients who can have discussions involving complex
concepts.

Gay
I know I have biases against individuals who follow a strict and
literal interpretation of the scriptures.
N. National origin.
G. Gender.
Male
I would have problems working with individuals who follow
strict social sex roles. (Only men can do men things, and only
women can do women things). I find gender and social sex roles
much more fluid.ReferenceHays, P. A. (2008). Looking into the
clinician's mirror: Cultural self-assessment. In P. A. Hays (Ed.),
Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment,
diagnosis, and therapy (2nd ed., pp. 41–62). Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
1
3

M
M
Hays ADDRESSING Model Template
COMPLETE ALL AREAS OF THIS TABLE FOR YOUR
ASSIGNMENT
An example of a partially completed table is provided on the
next page.Cultural Group (according to the ADDRESSING
model)How You IdentifyImplications for your work. Consider
where you have privilege, and which groups might be easy or
difficult to work with.

N. National origin.
G. Gender.
After filling out the table above, review your entries. Then use
the space below and respond to the following:
1. Based on your entries to the table above, evaluate three areas
where you have privilege and three areas where you do not (this
is also part of the first discussion in this course). Provide
examples of each.
2. Evaluate how your own cultural identities or other factors
may possibly influence you to have any biases in relation to
others with different cultural identities.
3. Analyze the implications your cultural identifications may
have on your professional relationships.
Partially Completed ExampleCultural Group (according to the
ADDRESSING model)How You IdentifyImplications for your
work. Consider where you have privilege, and what groups
might be easy or difficult to work with.
Middle age (40s).
I would have difficulty working with children and young adults
(15–20). I realize I’m too verbal in my therapy approach, and
appreciate clients who can have discussions involving complex
concepts.

N. National origin.
G. Gender.
Female
I would have problems working with those who follow strict
social sex roles. (Only men can do men things and only women
can do women things). I find gender and social sex roles much
more fluid.ReferenceHays, P. A. (2008). Looking into the
clinician's mirror: Cultural self-assessment. In P. A. Hays (Ed.),
Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment,
diagnosis, and therapy (2nd ed., pp. 41–62). Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
1
2

Hays ADDRESSING Model TemplateCOMPLETE ALL AREAS OF THIS TABLE

Hays ADDRESSING Model TemplateCOMPLETE ALL AREAS OF THIS TABLE

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