This PPT is meant for Class - XII students studying Commerce stream under CBSE Syllabus. It is based on DIRECTING chapter of Business Studies and help the students for their Board examination.

2. DIRECTING ELEMENTS ………

3. DIRECTING ………..
There are four elements or components
of Directing such as :
1. Supervision
2. Motivation
3. Leadership
4. Communication

4. SUPERVISION ………..
 MEANING :
 The word supervision consists of two words
i.e. super and vision. Super means over and
above and Vision means seeing. So
supervision means seeing or observing the
activities of people over and above.
 It implies overseeing the work of
subordinates by their superiors. It is the act
of watching & directing work & workers.

5. SUPERVISION ………..

6. SUPERVISION ………..
- Involves instructing, observing,
monitoring and guiding employees. It
carried out at all levels but more
important at the lower levels therefore
the term 'Supervisor‘ is used at the
operatives level of management.
- It is the process of guiding the efforts of
employees and other resources to
accomplish desired objectives.

7. SUPERVISION ………..

8. SUPERVISION ………..
Importance of Supervision/Role of
a Supervisor/Functions :
 Ensures issuing Instructions
 Facilities Control
 Optimum utilization of resources
 Improved Motivation
 Feedback
 Discipline

9. MOTIVATION ……….
 MEANING :
 means inspiring, stimulating or
encouraging the sub-ordinates with
zeal to work. Positive, negative,
monetary, non-monetary incentives
may be used for this purpose.
 Incitement or inducement to
act/move.
 Process of stimulating people to
action to accomplish desired goals.

10. MOTIVATION ……….
 THREE TERMS OF MOTIVATION :
 MOTIVE :
 Inner state that energizes, activates and directs
behaviour towards goals. Arises out of
unsatisfied needs = causes restlessness
 MOTIVATION :
 Process of stimulating people to action +
Depend on satisfying needs of people.
 MOTIVATORS :
 Technique used to motivate people,e.g. = pay,
bonus, promotion, recognition etc.

11. MOTIVATION ……….
 FEATURES / NATURE OF MOTIVATION :
 Psychological Phenomenon
 Goal Directed Behaviour
 Motivation can be either positive or
Negative
 Complex Process
 Continuous Process

12. MOTIVATION ……….

13. MOTIVATION ……….

14. MOTIVATION ……….
 Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs:
 Maslow‘s need hierarchy is considered to
be fundamental to the understanding of
motivation and plays an important role in
motivation.
 The manager must understand the needs
and wants of people in order to motivate
them and improve their performance
levels.

15. MOTIVATION ……….

16. MOTIVATION ……….

17. MOTIVATION ……….
 FINANCIAL INCENTIVES := directly in money form
or measurable in monetary terms.
 1. Pay and allowance
 2. Productivity linked incentive schemes
 3. Bonus
 4. Profit sharing
 5. Co-partnership/Stock options
 6. Retirement benefits
 7. Perquisites

18. MOTIVATION ……….
 NON-FINANCIAL INCENTIVES :Not measurable in
monetary terms. Who have esteem and self-
actualisation need to get satisfied.
 1. Status
 2. Organizational climate
 3. Career advancement opportunities
 4. Job enrichment
 5. Employee recognition
 6. Job security
 7. Employee participation
 8. Employee empowerment

19. Thank You !!!