This slide corresponds with Wrench, McCroskey, and Richmond's (2008) Human Communication in Everyday Life: Explanations and Applications published by Allyn and Bacon.

2. Basic Terminology

3. Organization Organized collection of individuals working interdependently within a relatively structured, organized, open system to achieve common goals.

4. Formal Communication Communication that follows the hierarchical structure of the organization.

5. Informal Communication Communication that does not follow the hierarchical structure of the organization (through the “grape vine”).

6. Downward Communication Communication within an organization that flows from upper management down to the employees at lower ranks.

7. Upward Communication Communication that is sent from the lower rungs of the organizational hierarchy to those people at the top of the organizational hierarchy.

8. Horizontal Communication Communication that flows across the organization (from peer to peer to peer).

9. Hierarchy Structure within an organization that clearly establishes the chain of command.

10. Tall Organization An organization with many hierarchical levels.

11. Flat Organization Communication that flows across the organization (from peer to peer to peer).

12. Organizational Orientations (pp. 408-410) An individual’s predisposition towards work, motivation to work, job satisfaction, and ways of dealing with peers, subordinates, and supervisors on the job.

13. Upward Mobile Organizational orientation exhibited by individuals within an organization who actively desire advancement within the hierarchy of the organization and see their work as a central part of their life.

14. Ambivalents Individuals who tend to be disgruntled with the status quo within an organization and despise the hierarchy within the organization.

15. Indifferents Individual’s who work out of necessity, but see their life as something that occurs outside of work.

16. Individual Differences in Organizations

22. Perceptions of People in Organizations

27. Management Communication Styles

28. High decision-making influence by subordinates High decision-making influence by management Very employee-centered leadership Your boss-centered Leadership Join Consult Sell Tell

29. Tell Management Communication Style where managers habitually make decisions (or receives them from above), and announces them to subordinates with the expectation that the subordinates will carry out those decisions without challenge.

30. Sell Management Communication Style where managers make decisions (or receives them from above), but rather than simply announcing them to subordinates, the manager tries to persuade the subordinates of the desirability of the decisions.

31. Consult Management Communication Style where managers make the ultimate decisions, but not until the problem has been presented to subordinates and their advice, information, and suggestions have been obtained.

32. Join Management Communication Style where managers do not make decisions; rather, the authority to make the decision is delegated to the subordinates, either in cooperation with the manager or in her or his absence.

35. TEAMS

36. Group (Rothwell, 1995) Three or more individuals who, through informational and persuasive communication, interact for the achievement of some common purpose(s).

37. Team (Devine, Clayton, Philips, Dunford, & Melner, 1999) A group “that interacts intensively to provide an organizational product, plan, decision, or service” (p. 681).