slides on culture

1. 3. Social Difference
3.2. Race and Ethnicity

2.  race
 racialization
 stereotype
 prejudice
 discrimination
 racism
 ethnicity
 minority
 master narratives
Today’s Agenda

3. ...is a socially constructed category of people
who share certain biologically transmitted traits
that members of a society consider important.
 classification based on physical characteristics
 ranks people in a hierarchy
 shapes access to societal resources
Race

4. ...is the process in which people are viewed
and judged as essentially different in terms of
o their intellect,
o their morality,
o their values, and
o their worth
because of differences of physical type or
cultural heritage.
Racialization

5. …are exaggerated descriptions applied to
every person in some category.
 generalized descriptions
 reversed stereotyping
Stereotypes

6. …is a rigid and unfair generalization about an
entire category of people. They are pre-
judgments of others on the basis of their group
membership.
 matter of attitude
 can be positive or negative
 supported by little or no direct evidence
 based on generalizations
Prejudice

7. …includes acts by which individuals are treated
differently—rewarded or punished—based on
their group membership
 matter of action
 can be positive or negative
 ranges from subtle to blatant
 individual and institutional
 prejudice and discrimination reinforce each
other
Discrimination

8. 1. The construction of certain groups of people
as biologically superior or inferior
2. Stereotypes/Prejudice
3. Discrimination
4. Power/institutionalized inequality
Elements of Racism

9. Racial Bigotry
 open, conscious expression of racist
views by an individual
Polite, Smiling, or Friendly Racism
 racism hidden behind smile or words that
seem friendly
Systemic Racism
 racist practices, rules, and laws become
institutionalized, become part of the system
Types of Racism

10. institutionalized
racism
racism
discrimination
prejudice
stereotype

11. Racism is often downplayed or ignored in the
master narrative that a country constructs
about its history.
 historical amnesia – existence and
contributions of non-Europeans have
been ommitted from Canadian history
 (cultural) genocide, slavery
Master Narratives & Buried
Knowledge

12. Ethnicity refers to a shared cultural heritage.
 common ancestry, language, religion
 distinctive social identity and culture
 can be modified
 everyone belongs to at least one ethnic
group
Ethnicity

13. ...is a category of people, distinguished by
physical or cultural traits, that society sets apart
and is subordinated.
 share a distinct identity
 subordination
 race and ethnicity as master status
Minority

14.  Aboriginal peoples (the original peoples)
 British Canadians
 French Canadians
 visible minorities
Race & Ethnicity in Canada

15. Earnings by Gender, Racialization, and Place
of Birth
Source: Kunz et al. (2001)
Males Females Average
Racialized minority (CB) $42,433 $33,519 $38,582
Racialized minority (FB) $35,329 $27,075 $31,829
Whites (CB) $43,456 $31,150 $38,529
Whites (FB) $46,457 $31,627 $40,854
Indigenous peoples $32,369 $26,361 $29,290
Racialized Inequality in Canada

16. Earnings by Place of Birth, Education
Source: Statistics Canada (2008)
1980 2005
Recent immigrant males with
university degree
$48,581 $30,332
Canadian-born males with
university degree
$63,040 $62,556
Recent immigrant females with
university degree
$24,317 $18,969
Canadian-born females with
university degree
$41,241 $44,545
Racialized Inequality in Canada

17. Income, Visibility, Gender and Age, 2000
Source: Statistics Canada (2003)
Racialized Minorities All Canadians
Age Men Women Men Women
15-24 $22,394 $20,707 $23,696 $19,634
25-44 $41,638 $32,462 $47,611 $35,048
45-64 $46,626 $33,664 $55,754 $37,407
65+ $41,568 $23,663 $44,661 $28,171
Racialized Inequality in Canada