1. DEFINITION
The Panama Canal is a
ship Canal
that joins the Atlantic Ocean
and the Pacific Ocean
and a key conduit for
international maritime trade

2. PANAMA CANAL

3.  The earliest mention of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama was
in 1534 when Charles V. Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain
ordered a survey for a route through Panama. They thought that it
would give them a better tactical military.
 The second mention about the construction of Panama Canal was
during Alessandro Malaspina s expedition in 1788-1793,when he
demonstrated the feasibility of a canal and outlined plans for its
construction.
 The third attempt to construct a canal began in 1880 under French
leadership, but was abandoned after 21,900 workers died, largely
from disease (particularly malaria and yellow fever) and landslides.

4.  After French s fail in the construction of the
Panama Canal the United States bought to
Panama, an independent nation, the rights to
continue the construction of the canal. The United
States paid $10 millions and an annual rent of
$250,000.
 After that, the United States, under President
Theodore Roosevelt (with John Frank Stevens as
Chief Engineer from 1905–1907), bought out the
French equipment and began work on May 4, 1904
and ended it 9 years later in 1914.

5. EVENTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION
 During the construction of the canal about 5,000 people died
because of diseases.
 Because of that the President of the U.S.A ordered to build housing
for canal workers and oversaw extensive sanitation and mosquito-
control programs that eliminated yellow fever and other diseases from
the Isthmus. The chief of the engineer, Stevens convinced Theodore
Roosevelt of the necessity of a canal built with dams and locks.

6. PANAMA CANAL
LONG: 80Km from Atlantic
to Pacific Ocean
DEPTH: 12,8 m in the
Atlantic Ocean
13,7 m in the
Pacific Ocean
WIDTH: 91 TO 300 m
DIMENSIONS OF THE PANAMA CANAL

7.  The Panama Canal is one of the biggest
achievements in the modern engineering.
 It possesses two terminal ports, one in each
ocean.
 It has three locks; Miraflores, Gatún and Pedro
Miguel.
 It was administrated by The United States

8. TOLLS
Tolls for the canal are
decided by the
Panama Canal
Authority and are
based on:
 Vessel type
 Size.
 The type of cargo
carried.

9. IMPORTANCE
The Panama Canal is very important for the entire
World by the next reasons:
It facilitate the trade between all the countries
 It allows the transport of; grains, oil, petroleum and
his derivatives, food, etc.
It is the faster route to the trade.
It helps to the economic development of the poor
countries.

10. VOCABULARY
 TOLL: a fee charged for services such as transportation.
 LOCKS: short section of a canal or river in which the water level can be
altered to enable boats to pass to a higher or lower part of the waterway.
 LANDSLIDES: a disintegrating mass of rock and earth that suddenly
descends from a mountainside or cliff.
 ISTHMUS OF PANAMA: a narrow strip of land that joins two larger
areas of land. The isthmus connects North and South.
 VESSEL: a ship or large boat