1. 1
THE PERSONALITY EVALUATION OF AUSTRIAN
AND MALAYSIAN PEOPLE BASED ON THE BIG 5
PERSONALITY TRAITS
CLASS: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
SUBMIT TO: MR. GUGUP KISMONO
STUDENT NAME STUDENT ID
NURULJANNAH BINTI MOHAMMAD RADZI MEB1586
HAGER SUSANNE MEB1515
2. 2
Abstract
Personality is defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that
uniquely influences his or her cognition, motivations and behavior in various situations. Personality
had been viewed as a type of non-cognitive skill that can have important consequences for the
decisions that individuals make and the outcomes they achieve. This perspective has generated
interest in the process of personality change. The basic dimensions of personality capture the most
important ways in which individuals differ in their enduring emotional, interpersonal, experiential,
attitudinal, and motivational styles. The Big Five Personality items are the best accepted and also
the most commonly measurement of personality in scientific research and the Big 5 have been
extensively researched during the last decades. Ones´ personality is best described as five traits -
people used to describe themselves via some adjectives and in general there are five personality
traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience). In the
current survey the Big 5 personality model was used in order to find out more about the personality
of Austrian as well Malaysian people.
1. Introduction and theory about the Big 5
After deciding to do some research within this area, the authors of this group report tried
hard to find questionnaires representing the Big 5. There are a lot of different types – like
questionnaires with 250 questions or only 20. Most of them were in English, although the
authors tried to find one which is written in a simple and not that complex English
language in order that their friends do understand everything right and that they have fun
while answering the short and easy questions. Therefore it was decided to take the Big 5
model which is based on the IPIP (International Personality Item Pool). It is a 50 Item Set,
where the people are asked, suggested and told the following points:
They should describe themselves as they are now in the present and not as they
wish to be in the future.
They should describe themselves as they honestly see themselves, in the relationship
to other people (same sex, same age).
They should answer as honest as they can – data are only used for scientific
research and they are used anonymously.
3. 3
The Big 5 is based on the idea that five main dimensions are necessary and sufficient for broadly
describing human personality. The Big Five model of personality is a set of five broad trait
dimensions or domains, namely Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness,
Neuroticism and Openness to Experience.
A more detailed description of the five traits will follow now:
Extroversion: The broad dimension of Extraversion encompasses such more
specific traits as talkative, energetic, and assertive
Extroversion is strongly marked by pronounced engagement with the external world.
Extroverts therefore like to enjoy being with other people, they are full of energy and
they often experience positive emotions. They tend to be enthusiastic, action-oriented or
just individuals who are likely to say “Yes, let´s do it”. In groups they like to talk, and
draw attention to themselves. The opposite of Extroverts are Introverts. They lack and
miss the energy and activity levels of extroverts. They tend to be quiet, low-key and
deliberate from the social world. Their lack of social involvement should not be
interpreted as shyness or depression; the introvert simply needs less stimulation than an
extrovert and prefers to be alone. (Barrick, M., Mount, M., 1991; Goldberg, L., 1990)
Agreeableness: Includes traits like sympathetic, kind, and affectionate.
Agreeableness reflects individual differences in concern with cooperation and social
harmony. Agreeable persons value getting along with others. They are friendly,
generous, helpful, and willing to compromise their interests with others'. Agreeable
people also have an optimistic view of human nature - they believe people are basically
honest and trustworthy. On the other side, disagreeable individuals place self-interest
before getting along with other individuals. They are most of the times unconcerned
with others' well-being, and therefore are unlikely to extend themselves for other
people. Sometimes their skepticism about the motives of other people causes them to be
unfriendly as well as uncooperative.
Agreeableness is advantageous for attaining and also maintaining popularity. Agreeable
people are definitely better liked than disagreeable people. On the other hand,
4. 4
agreeableness is not useful in situations that require tough or absolute objective
decisions. Disagreeable people can make excellent scientists, critics, or soldiers.
(Barrick, M., Mount, M., 1991; Goldberg, L., 1990)
Conscientiousness: Includes traits like organized, thorough, and planful.
Conscientiousness describes the way in which people regulate and direct their impulses.
Impulses are not bad - acting on our first impulse can be an effective response. Also, in
todays times of preferring rather playing than working, acting spontaneously and
impulsively can be a lot of fun. Impulsive individuals can be seen by others as colorful,
fun-to-be-with, and cool. Conscientiousness includes the factor known as “Need for
Achievement”. The benefits of high conscientiousness are obvious; conscientious
individuals avoid trouble and achieve high levels of success through purposeful
planning. They are also regarded by others as intelligent and reliable. On the negative
side, they can be compulsive perfectionists and workaholics. Furthermore, extremely
conscientious individuals might be even regarded as boring. Unconscientious people
may be criticized for their unreliability, lack of ambition, and failure to stay within the
lines, but they will experience many short-lived pleasures. (Barrick, M., Mount, M.,
1991; Goldberg, L., 1990)
Neuroticism or (inversely) Emotional Stability: Includes traits like tense, moody,
and anxious.
Neuroticism refers to the tendency to experience mostly negative feelings. Those who
score high on Neuroticism may experience primarily one specific negative feeling such
as anxiety, anger or depression, but they are also likely to experience several of these
emotions. People who are high in Neuroticism are emotionally reactive. They respond
emotionally to events that would not affect most other people, and their reactions tend
to be more intense than normal. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as
threatening, and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. Their negative emotional
reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which means they are often
in a bad mood. These problems in emotional regulation can diminish a neurotic's ability
to think clearly, make decisions, and cope effectively with a lot of stress. At the other
5. 5
end of the scale, individuals who score low in Neuroticism are less easily upset and are
less emotionally reactive. They tend to be very calm, emotionally stable and free from
persistent negative feelings. Freedom from negative feelings does not mean that low
scorers experience a lot of positive feelings; frequency of positive emotions is a
component of the Extroversion domain. (Barrick, M., Mount, M., 1991; Goldberg, L.,
1990)
Openness to Experience: Includes traits like having wide interests, and being
imaginative and insightful.
The dimension of openness to Experience describes a degree of cognitive style that
distinguishes imaginative, creative people from down-to-earth, conventional people.
Open people are intellectually curious, appreciative of art, and sensitive to beauty. They
tend to be, compared to closed people, more aware of their emotional feelings. People
with low scores on openness to experience tend to have narrow, common interests. They
prefer the plain, straightforward, and obvious over the complex, ambiguous, and subtle.
They may regard the arts and sciences with suspicion, regarding these endeavors as
abstruse or of no practical use. Closed people prefer familiarity over novelty; they are
conservative and resistant to change. Openness is often presented as healthier or more
mature by psychologists, who are often themselves open to experience. However, open
and closed styles of thinking are useful in different environments. The intellectual style
of the open person may serve a professor well, but research has shown that closed
thinking is related to superior job performance in police work, sales, and a number of
service occupations. (Barrick, M., Mount, M., 1991; Goldberg, L., 1990)
The Big Five were developed to represent as much of the variability in individuals’
personalities as possible, using only a small set of trait dimensions. Many personality
psychologists agree that its five domains capture the most important, basic individual
differences in personality traits and that many alternative trait models can be
conceptualized in terms of the Big Five structure.
6. 6
2. Theoretical Framework.
The Big Five Personality traits have been gathered through the result of decades’ worth of
psychological research into personality. While they don’t capture the idiosyncrasies of
everyone’s personality, it is a theoretical framework in which to understand general
components of the personality that seem to be the most important in our social and
interpersonal interactions with others. Decades of research on personality has uncovered
five broad dimensions of personality, which were presented and described one chapter
before. It hast to be mentioned, that these are not “types” of personalities, but dimensions
of personality. So someone’s personality is the combination of each of their Big Five
personality characteristics. For example, someone may be very sociable (high
Extraversion), not very friendly (low Agreeableness), hard working (high
Conscientiousness), easily stressed (low Emotional Stability) and extremely creative (high
Intellect). A considerable amount of research suggests that personality is stable throughout
life and associated with a range of important life outcomes, from academic and
occupational success, to marital stability and physical health.
3. Methodology
50 Austrians as well as 50 Malaysians were asked to answer the 50 Item Set of the Big 5
Personality Model in order to find out, why they act and behave in a certain way or in their
daily life. Both genders (male as female) were asked in order to have a balance or to
exclude certain results which might be influenced or which might be due to only
examining and asking one gender. The methodology of this survey is a quantitative one, as
it might be easier as a qualitative one in these concerning. The big difference between a
quantitative versus a qualitative method is that the first method is most of the time a
written and printed out table, where the participants have to write down their answers and
opinions (regardless where, when or with whom they do it) whereas the second method
includes the active participation and attendance of at least two persons at the same place
and at the same time: the interviewer as well as the participant.
After gathering all the data from the 50 participants of both countries, the next step was to
set up a new file and document in the statistical program, called SPSS, or in the Microsoft
7. 7
Office program which is called Excel. Every question (=every variable) had to be defined,
either if it can be seen as normal, metric or ordinal. Moreover, the 5 point likert scale has
to be defined in the program in order to type in all the answers from the participants and in
order to evaluate it afterwards.
After that, and in order to see and to understand why the participants act the way that they
do and how their personality is structured, the following model was used:
The capital letters E, A, C, N and O stand for the five personality traits. This, as well as the
following short description of the five traits, was also given to the participants. Therefore
they were able themselves to find out more about their personality and why they act and
why they are as they are.
Extroversion (E) is the personality trait of seeking fulfillment from sources outside
the self or in community. High scorers tend to be very social while low scorers
prefer to work on their projects alone.
Agreeableness (A) reflects much individuals adjust their behavior to suit others.
High scorers are typically polite and like people. Low scorers tend to 'tell it like it
is'.
Conscientiousness (C) is the personality trait of being honest and hardworking.
High scorers tend to follow rules and prefer clean homes. Low scorers may be
messy and cheat others.
Neuroticism (N) is the personality trait of being emotional.
Openness to Experience (O) is the personality trait of seeking new experience and
intellectual pursuits. High scores may day dream a lot. Low scorers may be very
down to earth
8. 8
In order to find out more about the personalities of the Austrian participants, the next step
was to build the average of every question. The five possible answers (1=disagree,
2=slightly disagree, 3=neutral, 4=slightly agree and 5=agree) were summed up for every of
the 50 questionnaires, depending what everyone of the 50 participants had chosen. The
sum of every question was then divided through 50, in order to get the average mean value
of every question. This step was done with the program called Excel, as it has better
mathematical possibilities and solutions than SPSS. The data were just exported in an
Excel file, after continuing with building the sums and the average means for every
question – as described above. After having every average for every question, the authors
were able to use the method (see above) in order to find out more about the high and low
scores from the Austrians as well as from the Malaysians in connection with the Big 5
Personality Model. The scores have to be between 0 and 40, whereas traits with scores
under 20 can be classified as low scores and traits with scores more than 20 were classified
as high scores.
4. Results and Discussion
For detailed Information, please look up in the Appendix!
In order to compare the results or to find out similarities or differences between the two
cultures, one of the first steps in this survey was to figure out the average score of each of
the personality traits of the 50 participants from Austria as well as Malaysia. The
calculated scores should be between 0 and 40, whereas beyond 20 it can be seen as a low
score and above 20 it can be seen as a high score.
9. 9
AUSTRIANS:
The average of all questions is low score, except Neuroticism, which has an average score
of 21. That means, that most Austrians have a high score in neuroticism, which refers to
the tendency to experience mostly negative feelings. Furthermore that means, that the
Austrian Participants may experience primarily negative feelings such as anger or
depression on the one hand and on the other hand they respond emotionally to events that
would not affect most other people in their surroundings. They are more likely to interpret
ordinary situations as threatening, and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. Their
negative emotional reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which
means they are often in a bad mood. These problems in emotional regulation can diminish
a neurotic's ability to think clearly, make decisions, and cope effectively with a lot of
stress.
The average of Extroversion is 19. That means the participants have a low score
concerning this trait – so they are more introverted than extroverted. They lack and miss
the energy and activity levels compared extroverts. They tend to be quiet, low-key and
deliberate from the social world. Their lack of social involvement should not be interpreted
as shyness or depression; the introvert simply needs less stimulation than an extrovert and
prefers to be alone.
Agreeableness reached a score of 17, which is also quite low. Disagreeable individuals
place self-interest before getting along with other individuals. They are most of the times
10. 10
unconcerned with others' well-being, and therefore are unlikely to extend themselves for
other people. Sometimes their skepticism about the motives of other people causes them to
be unfriendly as well as uncooperative.
The trait Conscientiousness is also low scored with 18. That means that the Austrian
participants are conscientious people who may be criticized for their unreliability, lack of
ambition, and failure to stay within the lines, but they will experience many short-lived
pleasures.
Opennness to Experience has the lowest score, with only 16. People with low scores on
openness to experience tend to have narrow, common interests. They prefer the plain,
straightforward, and obvious over the complex, ambiguous, and subtle. They may regard
the arts and sciences with suspicion, regarding these endeavors as abstruse or of no
practical use. Closed people prefer familiarity over novelty; they are conservative and
resistant to change.
MALAYSIANS:
For the extroversion trait based on gender, 68.74% male respondent are classified as
extrovert while only 31.25% are classified as introvert and 52.94% female respondents are
classified as introvert while 47.06% are classifies ad extrovert. Based on gender, it can be
11. 11
simplify that male is seems to be extrovert while female seems to be introvert. However
with an average score of 19.76 (evaluated by gender) and 19.78 (evaluated by age group),
it can be conclude that Malaysian people are introvert.
For the agreeableness trait based on gender, both male and female are classified as highly
agreeable, for which 100% male respondent and 97.06% female respondents scored as
highly agreeable. The average score for this trait is 26.84 (evaluated by gender) and 26.89
(evaluated by age group) to conclude that Malaysian people are highly agreeable.
The next trait is conscientiousness. Evaluation based on gender shown that both male and
female are classified as highly conscientious for which 75% male respondents and 73.53%
of female respondents scored as highly conscientious. On average, the total scores of
respondents are 23.03 (evaluated by gender) and 23.18 (evaluated by age groups) to
conclude that Malaysian people are highly conscientious.
For neuroticism trait, based on gender, 56.25% male respondents scored as high neurotic in
which they have positive emotional stability while the rest, 43.75% scored as low neurotic
and this is different to how female scored for which 52.94% female respondents scored as
low neurotic and the rest, 47.06% scored as high neurotic. However, the average score for
all respondents with the average score of 19.32 (evaluated by gender) and 19.34 (evaluated
by age group) shown that Malaysian people have negative emotional stability.
The last trait is openness to experience. Evaluation based on gender shown that 94.75% of
male respondents and 85.29% of female respondents are highly open to experience. The
average score for gender and age group in this trait is 22.50 and 22.55 respectively to
conclude that Malaysia people are open to experience.
5. Conclusion and Discussion
In summary the study of the Big Five Personality traits help us to find out how actually
people especially in this paper, the Austrian as well as the Malaysian people are
characterized. As mention in the theoretical framework every trait of the Big Five
personality model is not simply the type of personality but it is a combination to
characterize an individual or a group. The result shows that Malaysian people are introvert,
highly agreeable, highly conscientious, low neuroticism (have negative emotional stability)
and seem to be open to experience or in which they are in term of intelligent keenly
12. 12
curious and creative. Malaysian as any other Asian or as in any eastern region is typically
introverted. This can be caused by the tradition and norm hold by the people in this region
since then. They are not very sociable and enthusiastic as for example, the men and women
for some countries still have a gap in term of socialization for which they are not
comfortable with different gender. Malaysian people are conscientious and this can be
related to the country itself as a 3rd
world country. The 3rd
world or the developing country
needs to be focus in every aspect. From the development of the people mentality to the
biggest issue which is the development of the country. To build a free country in the real
term is not easy so it is no doubt that Malaysian people are conscientious. Malaysian
people also have negative emotional stability. Negative emotional stability implies that
people in this category is not calm and hard to achieve tranquility. This can be related to
the history of the country itself. Malaysia stores a lot of events in history which vary from
the sad event to the happiest event. Malaysian as a country with a lot of ethnics has some
sensitive topics not to discuss openly to avoid any circumstances that may hurt others from
different ethnic. Therefore if any issue arises, Malaysian people tend to be exaggerating to
voice out their opinion. This may be the reason why Malaysian people have negative
stability emotion as to simply say as a whole. In addition negative stability emotion may be
created from the childhood experience for which some people were treated badly, abuse by
parents, not having enough love and some other factor. This small research also shown that
Malaysian people are open to experience. For people to be open to experience, they may
have spirit in within themselves to achieve something bigger for their life. Malaysian
people just like any 3rd
world countries have high curiosity when are exposed to new
things. They want to learn more and always take the western or developed country as the
role model and they will push themselves so they can be at least the same level of
achievement as what the people in counterpart countries had attain.
Furthermore this research shows that Austrian people are quite the opposite of the
Malaysian people. Austrians have a high score in Neuroticism. That means that Austrians
are emotionally quite reactive. In all the other traits of the Big 5 the Austrians have reached
low scores during and in this survey. So participants have a low score in Extroversion,
which means that they can be seen as Introverts who lack and miss the energy and activity
levels of extroverts. They tend to be quiet, low-key and deliberate from the social world.
Furthermore, the Austrian participants have a low score in Agreeableness. Disagreeable
individuals place self-interest before getting along with other individuals. They are most of
the times unconcerned with others' well-being, and therefore are unlikely to extend
13. 13
themselves for other people. Sometimes their skepticism about the motives of other people
causes them to be unfriendly as well as uncooperative. Moreover, the Austrians also have
low scores in Conscientiousness. Unconscientious people may be criticized for their
unreliability, lack of ambition, and failure to stay within the lines, but they will experience
many short-lived pleasures. When it comes to Openness to experience, Austrian
participants also show low scales. People with low scores on openness to experience tend
to have narrow, common interests. They prefer the plain, straightforward, and obvious over
the complex, ambiguous, and subtle. They may regard the arts and sciences with suspicion,
regarding these endeavors as abstruse or of no practical use.
This study already shows some differences and similarities between two cultures, namely
Austria and Malaysia, when dealing with the well known topic of the Big 5. However, to
generalize the findings and results, this study is far too small. 50 people cannot represent
one nation, so for a representable survey far more people would be needed. Furthermore
people from all age groups should be asked – in this study no single participant is older
than 30 years, which is also not representable for a whole nation. Ideas for future research
would therefore be surveys about the Big 5 in connection with age and gender of different
cultures – are there differences? Do people tend to answer in a certain way (in connection
with their age or with their gender)? As there is already a lot of research about this topic,
the surveys and examinations, which will deal with the Big 5 personality model, will never
stop in the near future. There are far too many unresearched or too less researched subareas
within the Big 5 traits and there is still a lot of work to do to fill out all the wholes and
unanswered questions.
14. 14
6. References
Barrick, M., Mount, M. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance:
A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44 (1), 1-26.
International Personality Item Pool: A Scientific Collaboratory for the Development of
Advanced Measures of Personality and Other Individual Differences, retrieved from
http://ipip.ori.org/ (09.10.2013)
15. 15
Appendix
Questionnaire
Please answer the following questions with the following scheme:
1 = disagree; 2 = slightly disagree; 3 = neutral, 4 = slightly agree, 5 = agree
The individual questions refer to you as a person. Please try to be honest while answering the questions; all
data will be used anonymous and there is no false or true answer. Really think about the questions to find out
more about your personality!
1. Please answer the following questions
Disagree
Slightly
disagree
Neutral
Slightly
agree
Agree
Question
Nr.
. 1 2 3 4 5
1 I am the life of the party
2 I feel little concern for others.
3 I am always good prepared.
4 I get stressed out easily.
5 I have a rich vocabulary.
6 I do not talk a lot.
7 I am interested in people.
8 I leave my belongings around.
9 I am relaxed most of the time.
10 I have difficulty understanding
abstract ideas.
11 I feel comfortable around people.
12 I insult people.
13 I pay attention to details.
14 I worry about things.
15 I have a vivid imagination.
16 I keep in the background.
16. 16
17 I sympathize with others` feeling.
18 I make a mess of things.
19 I seldom fell blue.
20 I am not interested in abstract ideas.
21 I start conversations.
22 I am not interested in other people's
problems.
23 I get chores done right away.
24 I am easily disturbed.
25 I have excellent ideas.
26 I have little to say.
27 I have a soft heart.
28 I often forget to put things back in
their proper place.
29 I get upset easily.
30 I do not have a good imagination.
31 I talk to a lot of different people at
parties.
32 I am not really interested in others.
33 I like order.
34 I change my mood a lot.
35 I am quick to understand things.
36 I don't like to draw attention to
myself.
37 I take time out for others.
38 I shirk my duties.
39 I have frequent mood swings.
40 I use difficult words.
41 I don't mind being the center of
attention.
42 I feel others' emotions.
43 I follow a schedule.
44 I get irritated easily.
17. 17
45 I spend time reflecting on things.
46 I am quiet around strangers.
47 I make people feel at ease.
48 I am exacting in my work.
49 I often feel blue.
50 I am full of ideas.
2. What is your gender?
Male
Female
3. Where do you live?
Austria
Malaysia
4. How old are you?
under 17
18 - 21
22 - 25
26 – 28
29 – 32
older than 33
Thank you very much for your cooperation!!!!
19. 19
MALAYSIA
Extroversion
In average, Malaysian people tend to be introvert.
According to gender:
Introvert Extrovert
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 5 31.25 11 68.74 20.00 16
Female 18 52.94 16 47.06 19.65 34
Total 23 46% 27 54% 19.76 50
According to age group:
Introvert Extrovert
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Under
17
- - - - - -
18-21 15 65.22 14 51.85 19.21 29
22-25 7 30.43 10 37.04 20.41 17
26-28 1 - - - 16.00 1
29-32 - - 2 7.41 20.50 2
Older
than 33
- - 1 3.70 27.00 1
Total 23 46% 27 54% 19.78 50
20. 20
Agreeableness
In average Malaysian people tend to be highly agreeable.
According to gender:
Less agreeable Highly agreeable
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 0 - 16 32.65 26.44 16
Female 1 100 33 67.35 27.03 34
Total 1 2% 49 98% 26.84 50
According to age group:
Highly agreeable Lowly agreeable
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage Absolute
number
Percentage
Under
17
- - - - - -
18-21 28 57.14 1 100.00 26.59 29
22-25 17 34.69 - - 26.76 17
26-28 1 2.04 - - 23.00 1
29-32 2 4.08 - - 30.00 2
Older
than 33
1 2.04 - - 33.00 1
Total 49 98% 1 2% 26.89 50
21. 21
Conscientiousness
In average, Malaysian people tend to be highly conscientious.
According to gender:
Less conscientious Highly conscientious
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 4 30.77 12 32.43 22.00 16
Female 9 69.23 25 67.57 23.53 34
Total 13 26% 37 74% 23.03 50
According to age group:
Highly conscientious Less conscientious
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Under 17 - - - - - -
18-21 20 54.05 9 69.23 22.48 29
22-25 13 35.14 4 30.77 21.82 17
26-28 1 2.70 - - 29.00 1
29-32 2 5.41 - - 32.00 2
Older
than 33
1 2.70 - - 36.00 1
Total 37 74% 13 26% 23.18 50
22. 22
Neuroticism
In average, Malaysian people tend to have negative emotional stability.
According to gender:
Negative emotional
stability
Positive emotional
stability Average Total
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 7 28 9 36 19.75 16
Female 18 72 16 64 19.12 34
Total 25 50% 25 50% 19.32 50
According to age group:
Positive emotional
stability
Negative emotional
stability Average Total
Absolute
number
Percentage Absolute
number
Percentage
Under
17
- - - - - -
18-21 13 52.00 16 64.00 19.48 29
22-25 10 40.00 7 28.00 19.00 17
26-28 - - 1 4.00 12.00 1
29-32 1 4.00 1 4.00 20.50 2
Older
than 33
1 4.00 - - 25.00 1
Total 25 50% 25 50% 19.34 50
23. 23
Openness to experience
In average, Malaysian people tend to be open to experiences.
According to gender:
Less open to
experiences.
Highly open to
experiences. Average Total
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 1 16.67 15 34.09 22.44 16
Female 5 83.33 29 65.91 22.53 34
Total 6 12% 44 88% 22.50 50
According to age group:
Openness On the other hand
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage Absolute
number
Percentage
Under 17 - - - - - -
18-21 25 56.82 4 66.67 21.55 29
22-25 15 34.09 2 33.33 23.24 17
26-28 1 2.27 - - 24.00 1
29-32 2 4.55 - - 25.50 2
Older
than 33
1 2.27 - - 30.00 1
Total 44 88% 6 12% 22.55 50
