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Final dh2013 interoperability
- 1. 1 DH 2013, Nebraska Practical Interoperability: The Map of Early Modern London and Internet Shakespeare Editions Janelle Jenstad and Martin Holmes University of Victoria mapoflondon.uvic.ca
- 3. 3 MoEML and ISE ● On UVic servers ● Overlapping teams ● Mutual need
- 4. 4 The Map of Early Modern London ● Maps streets, sites and boundaries of London 1560-1640 ● Interface based on Agas Map ● Includes (1) gazetteer, (2) encyclopedia of London people and places, (3) library of primary source texts, (4) edition of A Survey of London ● Pure TEI XML throughout
- 6. 6 Library
- 8. 8 Internet Shakespeare Editions ● Open-source digital anthology ● Also hosts and incubates Queen's Men's Editions and Digital Renaissance Editions ● Goal: all plays of Shakespeare and contemporaries, 1500-1640 ● SGML and non-standard XML :-(
- 9. 9 Frequency of toponyms The London locations in Richard III on the Agas Map, sized according to the number of references to them.
- 10. 10 Research questions ● How typical is Shakespeare's invocation of London? ● How do his characters move through the urban environment? ● What is the relationship between London and the court? ● How does this vision compare to other playwrights and to historians?
- 11. 11 Integration? Interoperability? Interchange? Is it reasonable to ask editors to revisit their "finished" work? ● Can we overcome the significant programming differences?
- 12. 12 Initial assumptions ● First rule of collaboration: You're on your own. ● The ISE agenda is not MoEML's agenda. ● MoEML can't ask the ISE editors to tag their texts. ● MoEML can't depend on the ISE programmers to implement things for us. ● We must beware of making features on our site dependent on functionality on theirs.
- 13. 13 Loose coupling ● We take the ISE texts and tag them. ● We generate sets of links based on through line numbers (TLNs). ● We store the links in our database. ● We only depend on the fact that links to TLNs on their website work.
- 14. 14 The (rather unrealistic) plan
- 15. 15 Manual tagging and NER
- 16. 16 Manual tagging and NER
- 17. 17 Manual tagging and NER
- 18. 18 Manual tagging and NER
- 19. 19 Manual tagging and NER
- 20. 20 Manual tagging and NER
- 21. 21 Manual tagging and NER
- 22. 22 Manual tagging and NER
- 23. 23 Manual tagging and NER
- 24. 24 Results ● 4 plays: – Richard II and Richard III (modern spelling) – Henry VIII and Henry VI Part 2 (old spelling) ● 495 placenames marked up ● 95 linked to Map of Early Modern London placeography
- 25. 25 Performance of NER engine
- 26. 26 Difficulties for NER tagger ● <stage>Enter Yorke, Salisbury, and Warwick.</stage> ● "Was not your husband / In Margaret's battle at St Albans slain?" ● Spelling variation ("Tower" versus "Towre") ● Capitalization is unhelpful in old-spelling texts. ● Short utterances confuse it: – Queen Margaret: Richard. – Richard: <LOC>Ha</LOC>?
- 27. 27 The showstopper problem ● Henry VI pt 2: – 210 placenames in the text – tagger tagged 109 places, of which 106 were correct – 29 of these were "England" and 38 "France" – Among placenames missed: ● 48 were in Britain ● 20 of these were key London locations (Bedlam, Southwark, London Bridge & Smithfield)
- 28. 28 Is it worth using NER for this? ● No. ● Possibly. – It can function as a check on manual tagging. ● Yes. – 75 "city plays" are eventually coming...
- 29. 29 Happy endings ● Second rule of collaboration: nobody wants to be left out. ● Now the ISE editors have seen how we're linking to their plays, they want to tag placenames for themselves. ● We'll just be able to harvest their tags for MoEML.
- 30. 30 Functional interoperability ISE guidelines: Internal Links to MoEML's London Locations We are moving towards interoperability with The Map of Early Modern London (MoEML). If your play includes references to London locations, you will identify each London location using the ilink element and the unique MoEML identifier for the location....
- 31. 31 ISE guidelines, cont. The purpose of this tagging is two-fold: (1) it will allow us to visualize the London locations in a play using a MoEML map in the ISE/DRE/QME environment, and (2) it will allow MoEML to import London references in ISE/DRE/QME plays into its database of literary references (with a link back to the ISE).
- 32. 32 ISE/DRE/QME tagging <ilink component="geo" href="mol:CHEA2">Cheapside</link> ISE will have various instructions in its "geo" component (England, France, Europe, London, stage geometry) All we need is the mol:XXXX# and the TLN
- 33. 33 Should we continue to use NER? ISE wants to use tags only in modern critical editions. ISE editions of 1 Henry IV, 2 Henry IV, and Henry V are “done.” 500+ plays in DRE
Hinweis der Redaktion
- There is an obvious convergence between the two projects, and we imagine many benefits from interoperability. The gazetteer and mapping features in MoEML would significantly enhance the critical apparatus of the plays, while tying MoEML's placeography into the works of Shakespeare and his contemporaries would reinforce links between the physical geography and the literature.
- We cannot simply ask or expect the editors of ISE plays to tag all the placenames for us. They're too busy with other stuff, and they can't see the payoff.
- Our original plan involved the creation of a detailed London gazetteer, including all the variant spellings of placenames we know from our own texts, along with a training set of manually tagged plays, to serve as input to the NER process.
- Between the first and second plays, I improved the gazetteer substantially by importing a lot of non-London content; and for each play after the first, there's a larger training set, leading to better results. While precision is remarkably good – over 95% for the last two – recall is very low, and improving only slowly. Note: NER did find several placenames I'd missed in the tagging of the plays.
- Places are people throughout the history plays. Syntax is frequently convoluted. Spelling in the old-spelling plays is inconsistent within the play. Nouns are frequently capitalized, so capitalization is not a useful clue for the NER engine as it is with modern texts.
- The point here is that the placenames we are most interested in are precisely the ones the tagger is least good at finding. It even missed "London" in one case. Note also, though, that despite finding "England" 29 times, it contrived to miss it 14 times.
- No, because it's hopeless at the very thing we care about most; and we only have 10 plays in our Shakespeare set. Possibly, because it's slowly getting better, and although we have only 10 Shakespeare plays, we have up to 75 "city plays" coming in the future from Digital Renaissance Editions (out of 500 they intend to tag). Yes, because NER did catch a few instances of placenames I'd missed.