2. What is the Role of a Leader?
• As a leader you will be expected to “establish direction
by developing a vision of the future; then … align people
by communicating this vision and inspiring them to
overcome hurdles” (Stephen Robbins, 2003).
3. Some Leaders Perspective
on a Leader
• Martin Luther King Jr- “A genuine leader is not a searcher for
consensus but a molder of consensus”
• Adolf Hitler – “To be a leader means to be able to move the masses”
• Richard Nixon – A leader “implants noble ideals and principles with
practical accomplishments”
• Vance Packard – “ Leadership appears to be the art of getting others
to want to do something that you are convinced should be done”
• John Maxwell – “Leadership is influence – nothing more nothing
less”
4. What is Leadership?
• Leadership is a specialized form of social interaction : a
reciprocal, transactional, and sometimes transformational
process in which cooperating individuals are permitted to
influence and motivate others to promote the attainment of
group or individual goals.
• Leadership is based on the ability of an individual to influence
others in a legitimate way and not through exercising sheer
power.
5. Transactional Leadership
• Transactional Leadership is focused on the role of supervision,
organization, and group performance.
• It promotes strict compliance of the established rules and
culture and a “follower” will be rewarded for their compliance
and punished if they are non-compliant.
• Transactional leaders are not looking to change the future
but are looking to maintain the status quo.
6. Transformational
Leadership
• Transformational leadership allows for “leaders and followers
to help each other to advance to a higher level of morale and
motivation”.
• Not based on a give and take relationship but rather on the
leaders characteristics and his ability to make a
change/difference through his actions and articulations.
• Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-
interests and who are capable of having a profound and
extraordinary effect on followers.
7. What is Ethics?
• Ethics can be defined as the principles of conduct governing
an individual or group,
OR
• A discipline dealing with what is good and bad or with moral
duty and obligation
8. What does Ethics have to do
with Leadership?
• “The power that comes from a leader can also be used for evil
as well as good. When we assume the benefits of leadership,
we also assume ethical burdens” (Craig Johnson; Meeting the
Ethical Challenges of Leadership)
9. “Six Pillars of Character”for an
Ethical Leader– JosephsonInstitute
(1999)
• Trustworthiness – Integrity, honesty, keeping promises and
not deceiving others.
• Respect – listening to others, accepting individual differences
• Responsibility – accountability, self-control
• Fairness – making informed judgements without favouritism
or prejudice, playing by the rules, transparency
• Caring – acting to minimize hardship and to help others
whenever possible, altruism
• Citizenship – making our democratic institutions work,
operating within the law, protecting the environment and
working to make one’s community better
10. Leadership and Ethical
Dilemmas
• An ethical dilemma occurs when important values come into
conflict, and the leader (decision maker) must make a choice
between these values. E.g. caring vs trustworthiness
• When ethical dilemmas occurs a leader has to exercise “moral
courage” as the decision is a difficult.
11. Guiding Your Ethics in
Leadership
Objectives of the Hall Committee (Constitution)
• To promote, foster and develop internal activities for the
educational, cultural and social interests of members of the Hall
• To promote unity and fraternity among members of the Hall
• To represent the interest of Hall members at the Hall, Guild and
University levels
• To promote maximum participation of members of the Hall in
Hall, Guild and University activities.
12. Results of Unethical
Leadership
When unethical and damaging behaviour is not appropriately
and proportionately dealt with, trust and respect breaks down.
85% of Jamaicans feel that the political parties are corrupt, 74%
that the parliament is corrupt,
48% our judiciary and 46% public servants.
(TI 2013)
58% of Jamaicans believe politically connected criminals go free
(UNDP 2012)
13. How to Treat Unethical
Behaviour
Misconduct includes (Constitution):
• Unauthorized removal of Hall Committee
property and/or assets
• Misappropriation of Hall Committee funds
• Any other actions or activity not listed above
but deemed inappropriate by a simple
majority of the Hall Committee
