Leadership is the ability to not only understand and utilize your innate talents, but to also effectively leverage the natural strengths of your team to accomplish the mission. There is no one-size fits all approach, answer key or formula to leadership. Leadership should be the humble, authentic expression of your unique personality in pursuit of bettering whatever environment you are in.

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2. Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct,
guide and influence the behavior and work of others towards accomplishment of
specific goals in a given situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce
the subordinates to work with confidence and zeal.
According to Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to
persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor
which binds a group together and motivates it towards goals.”
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3. Leadership is a process of influencing the behavior of people
at work towards the achievement of specified goal.
The following elements must be present in the leadership :
(a) It is the process of influence
(b) The influence is always for the achievement of common goal
(c) There must be two or more persons present, influencing your own behavior
is not leadership.
(d) The influence should be to get the willing cooperation of the employees and
not the forceful cooperation.
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7. Leadership Styles :
Under leadership, subordinates are motivated in such a way that
they start following the leader rather having been impressed with his behavior .In
this way with the help of the subordinates the objectives of the enterprise are easily
achieved.
The methods with the help of which a manager establishes his
effect on his subordinates are called styles of leadership .different managers can
have different styles of leadership.
For example, the leadership style of a manager can be based on
love; while another manger may have the leadership style of getting work with
help of force; still another manger tries to get the cooperation of others with the
help of a mixed style.
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8. It must be made clear that a manager who gets work done
with love will remain steadfast in all situations because he has to lead a human
group and that group includes all types of individuals .Sometimes work may have
to get done under pressure, but the method he mostly uses will be called his
leadership style.
The following are the main types of leadership :
1. Autocratic
2. Democratic
3. Laissez faire or free rein
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10. 1. Autocratic Leadership Style :
This style is also known as the
leadership centered style. Under this style the leader keeps all the authority
centered in his hands and the employees have to perform the work exactly as per
his orders .If any employee is careless in his work performance, he is punished.
The leader does not decentralize his authority for the fear of losing his
importance. Consequently the responsibility of success or failure of management
remains with the manager.
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12. Characteristics: Following are the characteristics of the autocratic
leadership style :
(i) Centralized Authority :
In this style, a manager is not prepared to share his authority and responsibility
with others .Consequently, all the authority of work performance remains
centralized.
(ii) Single Man Decisions :
In this style of leadership, the manager himself takes all the decisions, he takes it
for granted that does not need any other individual.
(iii) Wrong Belief Regarding Employees :
The manager is a victim of the thinking that the employees do not work when
motivated by love and they require hard control .Impelled by this thought,
managers take the help of this leadership style.12

13. (iv) Only Downward Communication :
The thinking and suggestions of the employees are meaningless in this style
.Therefore ,the communication is only downward which means that the managers
only tell them their ideas but do not listen to the employees' ideas .
2. Democratic Leadership Style :
This style is also known as the group
centered leadership style. These days this leadership style is very much in vogue.
Under this style decisions regarding decisions regarding
different works are not taken by the manager alone but
they are taken in consultation with the employees .
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14. This leadership style is based on decentralization .The manager respects the
suggestions made by his subordinates ,also makes efforts to fulfill their necessities.
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Characteristics: Following are the characteristics of democratic style :
(i)Cooperative Relations :
The chief trait of this style is the existence of
cooperative relations among the managers and the employees
.Participation in the management decisions gives employees a feeling of
self-respect, as a result of which the employees are always ready to be
cooperative in every way.
(ii)Belief in Employees : The managers inherently believe that the
employees by nature want to work, do their work with interest, accept
their responsibility and try to perform their work in good manner. This
faith of the managers in the employees increases their morale.
(iii)Open communication :
This style encourages open communication
among the managers and the employees. Open communication means15

16. two way communication meaning thereby that apart from saying their own
thoughts the managers receive the suggestions of the employees with pleasure.
3. Laissez Faire or Free Rein Leadership Style :
This style is also
described as individual centered style .In this style the leader or manager
takes the little interest in managerial functions and the subordinates are
left on their own .The managers, ,by explaining the overall objectives ,help
the subordinates in determining their own objectives. Apart from this,
they provide resources for work performance and, if need be they also
advise the employees .This style is completely different from the autocratic
leadership style.
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18. Characteristics :Following are the characteristics :
(i) Full Faith in Subordinates :
A prominent trait of this style is that the managers
consider their subordinates capable, active and responsible individuals and have full
faith in them.
(ii) Independent Decision Making System :
In this style, the management related decisions are taken
by the subordinates instead of the managers. They can, however consult the managers.
(iii) Decentralization of Authority :
This style is based on the principle of decentralization .It
means that the managers widely distribute their authority to enable every individual
to determine his objective and make his plans accordingly .The managers only
perform the function of coordination, direction and general control.
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19. (iv) Self-Directed, Supervisory and Controlled :
After having once explained the objectives, the only
job of the manager is to interfere only in adverse situation .The supervision and
control is done by the employees themselves.
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