1. Population Education by ELIZABETH LUMAYAG-CODILLA, DPA Delivered during the Political Science Department Seminar on September 12,2011 at the MSU-IIT Mini Theater

3. WARNING! WARNING! WARNING! SEX IS THE STRONGEST URGE IN MAN/WOMAN AND IS THE MAIN CHANNEL THROUGH WHICH LIFE ENERGY EXPRESSES ITSELF. -Sigmund Freud-

4. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 1900 2000 1960 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1993 1990 1984 BILLIONS 1980 1975 1970 1960 1930 1850 1630 THE WORLD’S POPULATION GROWTH The Problem !

5. BIG PROBLEM INDEED. A finite world inhabited by people who can procreate rapidly. This dilemma underscores the need for population education.

6. POPULATION EDUCATION Population education is an approach of addressing the consequences of the imbalance between population and world resources.

7. Population Education Program for a study of the population situation in family, nation and the world, with the purpose of developing in the students rational and responsible attitudes and behavior towards that situation.

9. The Wallace report 2004: at 2.4% per year, the population growth rate in the Philippines is almost growing twice the average in Asia and three times the world average.

10. 1972 2004 2025 (Projection) PHILIPPINES 38.9 M 83 M 105.2 M THAILAND 38.9 M 60 M 69.1 M

11. Everyday, 250,000 people are added to the world’s population. Between 90 to 100 million a year - the equivalent of another Nigeria or Bangladesh each year. 10,416.7 per hour. 173.61 per minute 3 per second !

12. The growth of population has been very dramatic. 3 billion in 1960 6 billion in 1993 World Population has doubled in 33 years .

13. Population Facts The Phil. doubling time is 30 years. To keep the living standards at the present inadequate level , food must be doubled. Structures, road, power supply, capacity of the transport system, number of trained doctors, nurses, teachers must be doubled. Everything must be doubled.

16. If growth continues at the present rate, for 900 years, there would be some sixty billion people. This would be about 100 persons for each square yard of the earth’s surface, land and sea. -Paul Ehrlich-

17. Population increases in geometric progression whereas food production increases in arithmetic progression. - Malthus – Arithmetic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Geometric 1 2 4 8 16 32 64

18. The Earth’s Carrying Capacity The highest estimate of the population carrying capacity of the globe ever made by a responsible scholar is fifty billion . At the present rate of growth at 2 per cent per year, and working at a population base of 3 billion in 1964, this figure will be reached in 142 years (that will be year 2106)

22. The Solution The Birth Rate Solution in which we find ways to lower the birth rate The Death Rate Solution in which ways to raise death rate – war, famine, plague or pestilence, natural calamities (earthquake, flash floods, tsunamis, landslides) find us.

23. The Wisdom of the Ages If we are to safeguard our future and preserve our culture and civilization (society), limiting the population growth is imperative. -Aristotle-

24. Population must be balanced against resources, or civilization (society) will perish. Sir John Huxley, first Director General of UNESCO.

25. Under conditions in which food production increases by arithmetic progression MORE MOUTHS TO FEED MEANS LESS FOOD IN EACH MOUTH

26. THE CHOICE IS OURS TO MAKE. WHATEVER WE DO OR FAIL TO DO TODAY WILL SPELL THE KIND OF FUTURE THAT WE SHALL PASS ON TO THE GENERATIONS YET UNBORN.

27. Please beget a child not by chance but by rational choice.

28. Philippine population is close to 97 million. 1 m/year 12 th most densely populated 3 births/second

29. Impacts of Overpopulation: -(family)more mouths to feed and less food in each mouth -more bodies to cloth, to be given shelter, to be educated - (Govt) increased expenditures for basic services -Environment) pollution will increase -more population causes more or heavy pressure upon the environment

30. CONTROL POPULATION GROWTH OR MANAGE POPULATION GROWTH Approaches to Population Management: 1. Emigration-leaving 2. Immigration -arriving in 3. Family planning

31. Family planning-is the act of making a conscious plan about the number and timing of children’s births. -contraception, fertility, fertility testing, infertility treatment, discussion on sexuality long term plans like schooling or work plans that affect births. -individual, the couples but the society as well. It is everybody’s responsibility. (Planned parenthood or Responsible parenthood).

32. General Classification of FP Methods: 1. Natural 2. Artificial Natural Methods/Behavioral Methods 1. Abstinence -7 days before and after mens. But count the first day (Caveat). 2. Calendar method/rhythm method 3. Basal temperature method 4. Billings method-Mucus method 5. Withdrawal method or Coitus interruptus 6. Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)- baby less than 6 months

33. Calendar method -recording of cycle for 8 to 12 months -first bleeding day as day 1 -pick longest and shortest cycle -subtract 18 from the length of the shortest cycle, the difference is the first day of your unsafe period and subtract 11 from the length of the longest cycle, this is the last day of your unsafe period.

34. Calendar method: 22 days, shortest cycle 36 days, longest cycle Formula: 22-18=4 first unsafe day 36-11=25 last unsafe day So, no sexual contact between 4-25 But starting from the 26 th day to the 3 rd day the next month- Safe Period

35. Basal Body Temperature Method (BBT) -record body temp. daily for 8-12 mos. -observe that before ovulation temp. drops briefly, then rises several tenths of a degree within 12 hours of ovulation and remains up until the next menstrual period. -if temp remains high for 3 days in a row-fertile period is over and safe/infertile days begin. -no sexual intercourse from the time temp drops until at least 3 days after her temp increases again (1 ºF or .5ºC).

36. Drawbacks: Factors influence BBT: 1. illness 2. lack of sleep 3. alcohol 4. drug use 5. extreme temperatures

37. Billings or Mucus Method -charting (by using graphs )the characteristics of mucus in determining the fertile or infertile days of a woman. -after mens (5 th day) dryness (3 -4 days) -wetness begins as sticky, cloudy then whitish, yellowish -wetness increases

38. Cont. Billings/Mucus Method -mucus becomes distinctive: abundant, clear, very slippery or stretchy (like egg whites) -ovulation occurs within the 2 days before or up to 2 days after the peak day of stretchy fertile mucus -stretchy mucus , peak of ovulation

39. Artificial Methods: 1. Hormonal 2. Surgical/permanent method 3. Physical method 4. Mechanical method 5. Chemical method

42. Implantable -capsule placed under the skin of the woman Vaginal ring -soft flexible plastic ring place inside the vagina -placed for 3 weeks, removed the fourth wk

43. 2. Surgical/Permanent Method (tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men: rqt-12 wks/20 ejaculations) 3.Physical barrier - male and female condom(8 hours before intercourse, 3x expensive not be used simultaneously, un-reusable)

44. Female Reproductive Organ

45. Female Reproductive Organ

46. Tubal Ligation Method

47. Male Reproductive Organ

48. Vasectomy

49. 4. Mechanical method - IUD means intrauterine device (thick cervical mucus alter the motility and function of the semen; Cooper T-prevent fertilized egg from implantation in the uterine wall)

50. Chemical Method ( Spermicides) 1. creams, jellies and gels (Best when used with diaphragm/cervical cap) 2. contraceptive foam 3. contraceptive film 4. Suppositories 5. spermicidal tablets 6. contraceptive sponge 7. vaginal douche (

51. Guiding Principle: The success of any of these methods especially the natural methods requires consensus, understanding, trust, cooperation, WILL POWER and responsibility of the spouses or partners. A happy sex life is one of the important factors in sustaining a harmonious family.

52. THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST IN RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD.