Presentation is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of Green Buildings to make this world sustainable and the approach to designing the green buildings

1. Ar. J.K.GUPTA, Former Director, College of Architecure, IETAr. J.K.GUPTA, Former Director, College of Architecure, IET
Bhaddal,RoparBhaddal,Ropar
Email---- jit.kumar1944@gmail.comEmail---- jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
Mob- 90410--26414Mob- 90410--26414
Green Buildings- Concepts and
Approaches

2. Buildings- Role and ImportanceBuildings- Role and Importance
Buildings- constitute manmade environment
Buildings- constitute major component of any city
Buildings- give distinct character and personality to a city
Buildings- are living organism
Buildings -- used by all human beings
• Buildings--- Provider of space where aIl indoor human activite performed
• -living, working, care of body & spirits
• Buildings-- vital for human growth
• Buildings --provide optimum/worst living conditions
Buildings - make people healthy/sick
Buildings – vital for human growth- 80% of human life spent in buildings
Buildings – major consumers of energy (50%)
Buildings - major consumers of resources
Buildings--- generators of waste
Buildings -- have large carbon footprints
Buildings -- responsible for global warming
Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability
Buildings -- integral part of human journey
Buildings-- to continue to define human growth and development


3. Buildings- Role and ImportanceBuildings- Role and Importance
A green school building-- makes learning easy and more
meaningful
A green house-- makes inhabitants happy and healthy
A green hospital building – cures patients quickly
A green shopping mall-- increases sale and profits
Large volume of buildings-- yet to be constructed
 India need annually- 700-900 m sq mts of built space
-- to meet increased needs of ever rising population for
- housing,
- education,
- healthcare,
- industry,
- institutions,
-trade and commerce,
- entertainment ,
- leisure etc
---- buildings need to be designed and constructed
- with care and commitment to make them sustainable

4. Buildings- Built EnvironmentBuildings- Built Environment
• Sustainable buildings –-- make value addition to resources, ,
• Going green -- a necessity to ensure sustainable tomorrow
• Each building—unique, requires different options to make it
green
• Operational domain of buildings revolve around—
• -- planning,
• --designing,
• --construction,
• --- operation,
• -- maintenance
• --demolition and
• -- reconstruction
• Architects/ Engineers/builders/developers /stakeholders
• -- have critical role/ responsibility
• -- to make value addition to resources ,environment ,ecology
• -- by creating green buildings

5. Indian Building SectorIndian Building Sector
• Construction -- major economic driver in India ( 9 % of
GDP, employing 35 millions-1/6th
work force in 2o11-12
• Between 2004 and 2005 ---about 22 msqm commercial ,
and 19 msqm of residential buildings added
• -Most commercial buildings equipped with air
conditioning
• Buildings use-largest energy use between 1995 and 2005.
In 2005, Building sector consumed 47% whereas
• Industrial sector consumed 28% of total energy.
• Air conditioning /lighting -Two major energy users within
buildings
• Energy efficient lighting, air conditioning / electrical
systems-- save 20% energy used in existing buildings
• New buildings– save up to 40% of energy with design

6. •DEMOGRAPHY-
Indian

7. Population Scenario- India-2011Population Scenario- India-2011
• Population of India reached
• 250 million in 1919
• 500 million in 1966 (47 yrs. Later)
• 1000 million in 2000 ( 34 yrs. Later)
• 1027 million in 2001 (1yr Later)
• 1210 million in 2011 (10 yrs. Later)
• Last century recorded 5 fold increase in population
• 2050- Indian population --1600 million with 50%
living in Urban India.
• Urban India- 285.39 million in 2001 (5161 towns)
• 377 million in 2011- (7935 towns)
• Greater Mumbai --18.37 million - most populous city
(2011).
• Urban India --- first time added more persons(91m) as
compared to Rural India(90m)
• Increased population requires
• More buildings-- housing,
• More educational/ healthcare/ other institutions
• More commercial space
• More transportation– More Resources- more energy

8. URBAN INDIA- 2030-URBAN INDIA- 2030-MckinseyMckinsey Global Inst-Global Inst-
• India Urban Awakening :Building Inclusive Cities-
Report- April, 2010-- projects that by 2030:
• 590 m to live in Urban India- twice US population
• 70% GDP-- generated by cities
• 80% Revenue-- generated by cities
• 4 fold increase in per capita income
• 5 times--- GDP would multiply
• 270 million-- net increase in working age group
• 70% of new jobs(170 mil)-- generated in cities
• 91 M urban households--- will be middle class-- up from 22 M
• 68 Cities-- will be Metropolises-Europe has 35 only
• $ 1.2T capital needed ---to meet projected infrastructure demand
• 700-900 million Sqmts-- of residential/ commercial area needed
annually- a new Chicago to be created
• 2.5 b Sqmts roads-- paved-20times created in last decade
• 7400km (350-400 km/year) of metro--- needed -20times created in last
decade
• 200 million Rural Indians-- to benefit-living close to top 70 cities
• 75%urban India-- to live in bottom segment -earning Rs 80 per day

9. •ENERGY CONSUMPTION
•PATTERNS

10. ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERNENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN
•Globally, developed world major consumer of energy.Globally, developed world major consumer of energy.
•Energy consumption in developing world low.Energy consumption in developing world low.
CategoryCategory PopulationPopulation Energy UsedEnergy Used
Developed worldDeveloped world 22%22% 70%70%
Developing worldDeveloping world 78% 30%78% 30%
Energy Consumption in developing world increasing--Energy Consumption in developing world increasing--
---rapid industrialization,---rapid industrialization,
-- prosperity,-- prosperity,
-- globalization-- globalization
China consume-3.5 times energy per capita asChina consume-3.5 times energy per capita as
compared to Indiacompared to India
USA consume- 11 times energy per capita asUSA consume- 11 times energy per capita as
compared to Indiacompared to India
 50% energy consumed by buildings.50% energy consumed by buildings.
----Construction consumes 5% whereasConstruction consumes 5% whereas
--45% of energy used for heating/cooling/ lighting of--45% of energy used for heating/cooling/ lighting of
building.building.
Building energy component largest –Building energy component largest –
both embodied and operational energy–both embodied and operational energy–
 offer opportunity with greatest potential foroffer opportunity with greatest potential for
conservation.conservation.

11. IMPLICATIONS OF
BUILDINGS-
ENVIRONMENT /
RESOURCES

12. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCESBUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome
• 70% of global warming -- outcome of built environment / transportation70% of global warming -- outcome of built environment / transportation
•Majority of existing buildings-- have low concern for energyMajority of existing buildings-- have low concern for energy
conservation..conservation..
•.Built environment has significant impact on environment and.Built environment has significant impact on environment and
consumption of resources:consumption of resources:
• Buildings-- need to be designed with utmost care/ considerations forBuildings-- need to be designed with utmost care/ considerations for
energy/ sustainabilityenergy/ sustainability

13. Changing construction perceptionsChanging construction perceptions

14. Implications of Built EnvironmentImplications of Built Environment
•

15. Need for Green BuildingsNeed for Green Buildings
Buildings-- protect us from nature's extremes
 Buildings-- impact our health/ environment
--All building activities-- directly/indirectly impact
environment / energy/resource consumption
---Possibility of reduction up to 50% to 70% of energy
consumption &
-- green house gas emission by buildings
-- By Changing the way
-- buildings designed/ constructed / operated
-- Using Energy efficient technologies.
Adopting integrated approach to creating built
environment.
Evolving climatic responsive building designs
Retro- fitting of existing buildings.
-- To make buildings sustainable --- a new field -- "green
building" -- gaining momentum

16. GREEN BUILDINGS

17. Defining- Green BuildingsDefining- Green Buildings

18. I)Green Building—
-- is a building which has
• - minimum impact on immediate /global environment
--- so that its construction and its subsequent operation
-- has minimum adverse impact on ecology(scientific analysis/ study
of interactions among organisms and their environment) where it is placed-
II) Green building is one
--whose construction and lifetime operation
-- assures healthiest possible environment
---while representing most efficient and
-- least disruptive use of land, water, energy and resources
DEFINING GREEN BUILDINGS

19. GREEN BUILDINGS
•Green building is a regenerative process which:
•-Preserves and restores habitat
•-assures lifetime healthiest possible environment
•--represents most efficient /least disruptive use of land,
water, energy and resources
•--respects all natural systems/conditions of site
•- Offers best option for promoting operational economy in
building over entire life cycle
•--makes people healthy and more productive
•--Brings economy, society , environment on a single
platform
•-- makes communities more socially/ economically viable
and environmentally more secure.
•Process helps in Reducing:
•-- Energy consumption without sacrificing comfort levels
-- Waste generation due to recycling/ reuse.
--Pollution loads

20. Objectives of Green BuildingsObjectives of Green Buildings
• Promoting Energy Efficiency
• Using Renewable Energy
• Ensuring Water Efficiency
• Promoting Waste Reduction
• Promoting Toxic Reduction
• Ensuring Indoor Air Quality
• Promoting Smart Growth and
• Promoting Sustainable Development
• Making buildings operationally cost-effective
• Buildings typically last 30-50 years---less
expensive / time-consuming to design for
energy efficiency than retrofitting

21. Tangible BenefitsTangible Benefits
• Reduce operating costs
• Optimize life cycle economic
performance
– Sustained savings
– Green buildings
makes Commercial
sense
– Win Win situation for
owners, tenant,
users and society
Energy savings: up to 50 %
Water savings: up to 40 %
HPCL-Admin Building, Vizag

22. In-tangible Benefits of Green DesignIn-tangible Benefits of Green Design
• Environmental benefits
– Reduce impact on environment
• Health and Safety benefits
– Enhance occupant comfort
• Improve Productivity of occupants
ISRO-NRSC, Shadnagar, Hyderabad

23. •Green Buildings help in :
• Up to 50%-- saving in energy
•Up to 40%-- saving in water consumption
•35% --Reduction in carbon emission
•8000-12000 Tons of Co2 --per million Sq. ft. of building
•About 3 MW saving - connected electric load / million Sq ft built space
• Reduction of 70% waste-- to facilitate easy handling
•Reduced load --on municipal water handling plants
•Enhance brand image -- attracting national/ international companies
•Better returns-- due to higher rents
•Benefits to State :
•Reduction --of electric demand
•Reduction --in solid waste
•Reduction --in water requirement
• Reduction --in waste water
•Financial benefits, Environmental benefits, Social benefits
ADVANTAGES OF GREEN BUILDINGS

24. BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGS
Environmental benefits:
Reduce wastage of water
Conserve natural resources
Improve air and water quality
Protect biodiversity and ecosystems
Economic benefits:
Reduce operating costs
Improve occupant productivity
Create market for green product and services
Social benefits:
Improve quality of life
Minimize strain on local infrastructure
Improve occupant health and comfort

25. BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGSBENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGS
•A 2009 report by U.S. General Services Administration
found 12 sustainably designed buildings with following
attributes;
-- Buildings cost less to operate
-- have excellent energy performance
--- Make occupants healthy
--- make them more productive adding to the
bottom line of company
-- occupants more satisfied with overall building
than those in typical commercial buildings.
- Buildings more Eco- friendly

26. Advantages of Green BuildingsAdvantages of Green Buildings

28. Name of Building Year of
constructi
on
Covered
Area in
SftAr-in
Area
(sq.ft)
IGBC
Rating
%
Increase
in cost
Payback
(Yrs)
CII-Godrej GBC,
Hyderabad
2003 20,000 Platinum 18 % 7 years
ITC Green Centre,
Gurgaon
2004 1,70,000 Platinum 15 % 6 years
Wipro,
Gurgaon
2005 1,75,000 Platinum 8 % 5 years
Technopolis, Kolkata 2006 72,000 Gold 6% 3 years
Spectral Services
Consultants Office, Noida
2007 15,000 Platinum 8% 4 years
Kalpataru Square 2008 3,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Suzlon One Earth, Pune 2010 8,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Cost of Green Buildings-Indian ExperienceCost of Green Buildings-Indian Experience


29. Green Buildings- life cycleGreen Buildings- life cycle
costscosts
Operating Cost 89%
Maintenance/
Consumables 1%
Initial Cost
10%

30. •Approach to Traditional
Vs Green Buildings
•&
•Designing Green
•Buildings

31. Designing Traditional Buildings VsDesigning Traditional Buildings Vs
Green BuildingsGreen Buildings
• TB-Involvement of project members limited to their trade &
specialization
• GB- Project members involved right from beginning to help
design/ planning process
• TB- Project gets more intensive as it progresses-Less time
spent in beginning
• GB-Project starts intensively--- with more time spent in
meetings/discussions
• TB– Decisions made by few stakeholders- owners, architect,
contractor
• GB—Decisions made by team--- based on research,
discussions, brainstorming sessions

32. Traditional Buildings-- Green BuildingsTraditional Buildings-- Green Buildings
• TB- A linear process adopted
• GB—Integrated approach adopted
• TB-Focus to reduce upfront capital cost
• GB- To Reduce long term O&M costs
• TB—Systems considered in isolation --leading often to
over-designing/over-sizing
• GB- Building performance assess impact of each system
individually/collectively to create optimum design
• TB- Project members undertake limited responsibilities
• GB-Members share equal responsibilities /work jointly
• TB-Linear process ends with completion of project
• GB- Process continues--performance of buildings/user’s satisfaction
evaluated through post- evaluation surveys /energy audit

33. ARCHITECTUR
E
ENGINEERING

34. ARCHITECTUR
E
ENGINEERING
WASTE &
WATER
MANAGEMENT
URBAN
DESiGN
LANDSCAPE
DESIGN
SOCIOLOGY
ECONOMICS
BUILDING
CONSTRUCTIO
N
COMPUTER
SCIENCE

35. Designing Green BuildingsDesigning Green Buildings
i Decision to build Green to be taken at earliest in design process for: :
• --Maximizing green potential
• --Minimizing re-design
• --Assured overall success and
• --Achieving economic viability of Green Building Project
• Ii. Setting Green Goals and Objectives for:
• -Energy Efficiency
• --Water consumption
• --On site treatment of rain/storm water
• —Material/ Resource management
• -Construction waste Management
• Iii. Building a Green Team-
• --Hiring a design team of Architect, Engineering consultants
• --with expertise, knowledge, experience, understanding
• -- of Green Concept
• Iv Adopting an Integrated Approach to Design-
•

36. Designing Green BuildingsDesigning Green Buildings
Green building design involves :
--finding balance between building and environment
-- promoting energy reduction
• -- preparing plans /layout plans with energy as focus,
• -- making best use of sun and wind energy
-- involving cooperation of design team at all stages–
Architects, Engineers, Promoters
Green Building practice expands/ complements
conventional building design concerns of:
- economy,
-utility,
-durability,
-comfort.

37. DaylightingLocal materials
Indian Way of approaching designIndian Way of approaching design
• Rediscovery of Indian ethos
– We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
ViewsWater body

38. Designing Green BuildingsDesigning Green Buildings
• Building Design to be based on
• Macro Climate – regional climate
• Micro Climate--Site climate -- based on site characteristics, setbacks,
positioning of buildings, built areas and open areas
• Orientation -- to optimize light and heat gain/heat loss
• Sun movement-- to maximizes use of free solar energy for heating
/lighting
• Wind direction---using movement of air for ventilation/ cooling
• Planning of Building-- to optimize the site, shape of building, planning
spaces, allocating uses, placing or rooms, circulation, building
efficiency, promoting sunlight, air and ventilation
• Designing Building Envelop--– Mass – space relationships/ solids and
voids, positioning of openings and projections, planning for shading
devices, height, shape of building, natural lighting and ventilations etc
• Materials- Materials to be used for buildings- low embodied materials
locally available and in the natural form
• Technology- cost- effective,, material efficient, speedier, energy
efficient

39. DESIGNING GREEN BUILDINGSDESIGNING GREEN BUILDINGS
•Adopting integrated approach to building design forAdopting integrated approach to building design for
reducing energy in buildings involve :reducing energy in buildings involve :
Site planning- planning with nature, making best
use of site climate/ site potential/ climate, orientation,
landscaping
building envelop design – with minimum
energy implication
High building efficiency-
Integrating renewable energy resources- to
generate energy on site.
Using Ecologically sustainable/ low energy
materials- local and in natural form.
Using eco- friendly construction methodologies.
Effective water and waste management.
Innovative options used for heating, cooling,
lighting and ventilation.
•Role ofRole of Architects, Engineers, Structural Engineers,Architects, Engineers, Structural Engineers,
Builders critical in evolving Energy Efficient buildingsBuilders critical in evolving Energy Efficient buildings..
•Town PlannersTown Planners to contribute to energy reduction by :to contribute to energy reduction by :
–evolving layout plans with energy as focus,
–making best use of sun and wind

40. •Climatic Zones in
India- Macro climate

41. Integrated Design ProcessIntegrated Design Process
Five Climatic Zones In India-
Hot and Dry
Warm and Humid
Moderate / Temperate
Cold (Cloudy/Sunny)
Composite
All zones have specific requirements regarding:
--light,
--heat,
--ventilation and
--thermal comfort
• Different zones require different design strategies regarding
--building envelop,
--HVAC, lighting ,
-- fenestration,
-- performance standards

42. CLIMATIC ZONES ANDCLIMATIC ZONES AND
THEIR CHARACTERISTICSTHEIR CHARACTERISTICS
•

43. INDIAN CLIMATIC ZONESINDIAN CLIMATIC ZONES

44. Hot and Dry Climate Zone-Hot and Dry Climate Zone-
Comfort requirements and Physical manifestations in BuildingsComfort requirements and Physical manifestations in Buildings
Thermal Requirements Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Gain
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building
Increase thermal resistance Insulation of building envelope
Increase thermal capacity (Time lag) Massive structure
Decrease air exchange rate
(ventilation during the day)
Smaller windows openings, night ventilation
Increase buffer spaces Air locks/lobbies/balconies/verandahs
Increase shading External surfaces protected by overhangs, fins
and trees
Increase surface reflectivity Pale colour, glazed china mosaic tiles etc.
Reduce solar heat gain Use glazing with lower Solar Heat Gain Co-
efficient-SHGC and provide shading for windows.
Minimize glazing in East and West
Promote Heat Loss
Increase air exchange rate Courtyards/wind tower/arrangement of openings

45. Hot and Dry Climate Zone-Hot and Dry Climate Zone-
Comfort requirements and Physical manifestations in BuildingsComfort requirements and Physical manifestations in Buildings

46. Warm and Humid Climate ZoneWarm and Humid Climate Zone
Comfort requirements and Physical manifestations inComfort requirements and Physical manifestations in
BuildingsBuildings
Thermal Requirements Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Gain
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building
Increase thermal resistance Roof insulation of wall insulation
Reflective surface of roof
Increase buffer spaces Balconies and verandahs
Increase shading Walls, glass surfaces protected by overhangs,
fins and trees
Increase surface reflectivity Pale colour, glazed china mosaic tiles etc.
Reduce solar heat gain Use glazing with lower SHGC and provide
shading for windows. Minimize glazing in East
and West
Promote Heat Loss
Increase air exchange rate (ventilation during
night-time)
Ventilated roof construction, courtyards/
wind tower and arrangement of openings
Decrease humidity levels Dehumidifiers/desiccant cooling

47. Warm and Humid Climate ZoneWarm and Humid Climate Zone
Comfort requirements and Physical manifestations inComfort requirements and Physical manifestations in
BuildingsBuildings

48. Moderate/Temperate Climate ZoneModerate/Temperate Climate Zone
Comfort requirements and PhysicalComfort requirements and Physical
manifestations in Buildingsmanifestations in Buildings
Thermal Requirements Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Gain
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building
Increase thermal resistance Roof insulation and East and West wall
insulation
Increase shading East and West
Walls, glass surfaces
protected by overhangs, fins and trees
Increase surface reflectivity Pale colour, glazed china mosaic tiles etc.
Promote Heat Loss
Increase air exchange rate (ventilation) Courtyards and arrangement of openings

49. Moderate/Temperate Climate ZoneModerate/Temperate Climate Zone
Comfort requirements and PhysicalComfort requirements and Physical
manifestations in Buildingsmanifestations in Buildings

50. Cold (Cloudy/Sunny) ClimateCold (Cloudy/Sunny) Climate
Zone-Zone- Comfort requirements andComfort requirements and
Physical manifestations in BuildingsPhysical manifestations in Buildings
Thermal Requirements Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Loss
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building. Use of
trees as wind barriers.
Increase thermal resistance Roof insulation, wall insulation and double
glazing
Increase thermal capacity (Time Lag) Thicker walls
Increase buffer spaces Air locks/Lobbies
Decrease air exchange rate Weather stripping and reducing air
leakage.
Increase surface absorption Darker colours
Promote Heat Gain
Reduce shading Wall and glass surfaces
Trapping heat Sun spaces/green houses/trombe walls
etc.

51. Cold (Cloudy/Sunny) ClimateCold (Cloudy/Sunny) Climate
Zone-Zone- Comfort requirements andComfort requirements and
Physical manifestations in BuildingsPhysical manifestations in Buildings

52. SOLARIUM/ GREEN HOUSESOLARIUM/ GREEN HOUSE

53. TROMBE WALLTROMBE WALL

54. Composite Climate Zone-Composite Climate Zone-
Thermal Requirements Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Gain in Summer and Reduce Heat Loss in Winter
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building. Use of trees as wind
barriers.
Increase thermal resistance Roof insulation, wall insulation
Increase thermal capacity (Time Lag) Thicker walls
Increase buffer spaces Air locks/Balconies
Decrease air exchange rate Weather stripping (
Increase shading Walls, glass surfaces protected by overhangs, fins and
trees
Increase surface reflectivity Pale color, glazed chins mosaic tiles, etc.
Reduce solar heat gain Use glazing with lower SHGC and provide shading for
windows. Minimize glazing in East and West
Promote Heat Loss in Summer/Monsoon
Increase air exchange rate (Ventilation) Courtyards/wind towers/arrangement of openings
Increase humidity levels in dry summer Trees and water ponds for evaporative cooling
Decrease humidity in monsoon Dehumidifiers/desiccant cooling

55. Composite Climate Zone-Composite Climate Zone-

56. •Micro Climate--
Site Climate

57. Site Climate- Factors consideredSite Climate- Factors considered
i) Understanding Site
ii)Location
iii)Orientation
iv)Wind direction
v)Soil conditions
vi)Topography
vii)Vegetation and Natural Features
viii) Hydrology and Precipitation
ix)Infrastructures
x)Surrounding Land uses & Buildings
xi)Vision / Visual Linkages

58. Site Planning
Principles

59. Site PlanningSite Planning PrinciplesPrinciples
.
i) Considering the Neighbourhood Character
ii)Making use of Physical Characteristics of the site- shape,
orientation, access, existing structures etc
iii)Respecting site--Minimise changing the Site and Slopes-
least cutting filling
iv)Minimise Fingerprints of Building- low site covered area
v) Respecting nature--Minimum damage to site
vi)Design with Nature and local Culture
vii) Promoting Pedestrianisation
viii) Using hierarchy of
-- Preservation,
-- Conservation and
-- Regeneration

60. Site Planning-impact ofSite Planning-impact of
buildings- minimising Buildingbuildings- minimising Building
FootprintsFootprints

61. STACK EFFECT
PROPER ORIENTATION

62. Designing--
Building Envelop

63. Building EnvelopBuilding Envelop
• Building envelope-
• -- interface between internal environment and external
environment -----regulates interactions between building
and environment.
• --protects building against :
• -- undesirable external environmental conditions
• --- carbon emission,
• -- pollution,
• -- climate change etc.
• -- provides indoor conditions suitable for human activities
----- first line of defence against undesirable external impact
on building.
• -- Need for adopting passive strategy for designing

64. Building EnvelopeBuilding Envelope

65. Efficiency of Building EnvelopeEfficiency of Building Envelope

66. Energy Efficiency

67. Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency
• Green buildings reduce energy consumption in two ways-
• i. Embodied energy- Energy required for
extracting, processing, transporting and installing
building materials and
• Ii. Operating energy-- Energy to make
buildings operational-- HVAC and power for
equipment.
• High-performance buildings use less operating
energy,
• Embodied Energy importance – up to 17 % of
total energy consumption.
• buildings made of wood have lower embodied
energy than steel/concrete

68. Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency
• To reduce Operating energy –
• --reduce air leakage through building envelop
• --Specify high-performance windows
• --Provide extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors.
• -- use Passive solar building design
• -- Orient windows and walls/ trees-- shade windows /roofs
during summer while maximizing solar gain in winter.
• -- effective window placement (day lighting) to provide
more natural light /reduce need for electric lighting during
the day.
• -- Solar water heating reduces energy costs.
• --Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar
power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass- to reduce
the environmental impact of the building

69. Energy efficiency- Embodied &OperatingEnergy efficiency- Embodied &Operating
energyenergy

70. Energy efficiency- Embodied energyEnergy efficiency- Embodied energy

71. Energy efficiency- Day LightingEnergy efficiency- Day Lighting
• .Rules of thumb to maximize day lighting without
compromising thermal performance shall be:
• Mark true north on all drawings.
• building placed with long axis running east-west.
• Minimize apertures on east and especially west
. Low sun angles for these orientations makes
shading difficult without blocking entire window.
•Keep window-to-wall ratio between 0.30 and 0.40.
• Higher Window to Wall Ratio will require careful
handling.

72. Movement of Sun
and planning of
building

75. Making Buildings Energy efficientMaking Buildings Energy efficient

76. Building OrientationBuilding Orientation

78. Energy efficiency– Day LightingEnergy efficiency– Day Lighting

79. Energy efficiency– Day LightingEnergy efficiency– Day Lighting
• .

80. Energy efficiency– Day LightingEnergy efficiency– Day Lighting

81. Sun pipe- Sunlight HarvestingSun pipe- Sunlight Harvesting
Sun Pipes used to lit
basement,
Viswa Syamalam, IGBC Platinum

83. Courtyard

84.  Courtyards
 provide natural light / air into building
create high degree of cross- ventilation.
 Courtyards make buildings safe from large intake
of heat/ glare.
 Landscaped courtyards promote cooling
 act great moderators in creating a micro-climate
Courtyards with water columns considered as
great environmental moderator
keep building at ambient temperatures
throughout day
•India Habitat Centre Delhi
COURTYARDS

85. Landscaping

86. GREENING CITYGREENING CITY
•Mechanism of appropriate landscaping at city/building levels can be effectivelyMechanism of appropriate landscaping at city/building levels can be effectively
used for making cities/ bldgs energy efficient.used for making cities/ bldgs energy efficient.
•Vegetation shadeVegetation shade
– Lowers daytime temperatures
– controls humidity
– Reduces heat emission during
– night for balance temperatures
•During the precipitationDuring the precipitation
– lot of free water is absorbed during rains and
– during dry periods lot of water evaporated
•Green areasGreen areas
– filter air up to 80% of pollutants
– Reduce noise level up to 12 db
– -50-100 m thick vegetation cover
– Reduces air temperature up to 3.50
c
– Greening cities through
– Strategic plantation
– --Massive plantation
– Extensive landscaping
– --Developing city forests.

87. The difference of temperature between the area under sunlight
and area under shade is approximately 3 degree C – 3.5 degree C
 Use of deciduous trees, like mulberry, champa, etc reduces the
overall heating content of the building.
 The deciduous trees preferred – because
 in summers they posses dense foliage,--which cut sun,
 while in winters, they shed their leaves – brings sun inside the
building.
Planting Trees– shading building facades/pavements to
reduce heat gain, helps mitigating heat island effect.
Promoting sustainable landscaping through:
 Using native species, species requiring less water
 Enhancing biodiversity
 Greening Roofs,
-- Greening Walls,
-- Landscaped courtyards,
Deciduous trees provide shade from summer
sun and allow winter Sun
LANDSCAPING

88. Importance of TreesImportance of Trees
• Trees improve air quality/ microclimate,
• Provide Oxygen
• Removes CO2
• provide water protection,
• promote wildlife habitat,
• Promote recreation
• increased carbon sequestration
• Ensure biodiversity.
• have symbolic cultural value
• Meet energy needs of poor
• important parts of language, history, art,
religion, medicine, politics,
• Trees combat climate change
• Trees clean the air
• Trees cool the streets and city
• Trees conserve energy
• Trees save water

89. Importance of TreesImportance of Trees
• Trees help prevent water pollution
• Trees help prevent soil erosion
• Trees shield from ultra-violet rays
• Trees provide food
• Trees heal
• Trees mark the seasons
• Trees create economic opportunities
• Trees bring diverse groups of people
together
• Trees provide a canopy and habitat for
wildlife
• Trees provide wood
• Trees increase property values

90. Importance of TreesImportance of Trees
• Tree source energy from renewable
source--sun.
• Waste’ generated by Tree –
• -as fallen leaves is recycled by--
invertebrates, fungi and bacteria in soil-- to
provide nutrients
• to the tree and other organisms.
• A tree offers a cooling effect equivalent to –
– -- 5 air-conditioners,
– -- Generates fresh air equivalent to 7
cylinders
– --- Improve indoor air quality

91. Open spaces –Increases Ground WaterOpen spaces –Increases Ground Water
ChargingCharging

92. •Terraces similar to court yards
• Perform functions like courtyards.
• used for promoting:
• heat gain &
•heat loss.
•Terraces control :
•quality / quantity of light and
heating
•by orientation, vegetation & other
devices.
•work efficiently for providing
---natural light
•- ventilation
• to neighboring built up areas.

93. Chandigarh TreeChandigarh Tree
PreservationPreservation OrderOrder
• Chandigarh Tree Preservation order:
– All existing trees to be preserved.
– No removal of trees allowed without
permission.
– Sanction granted in cases of extreme
hardship
– New trees to be planted in lieu of tree
removed.
– No hopping, lopping and chopping of
trees allowed without permission

95. Present Best PracticesPresent Best Practices
Green Roofs & WallsGreen Roofs & Walls

97. Chandigarh Traffic RotariesChandigarh Traffic Rotaries

99. Water efficiencyWater efficiency
• Reduce Water consumption
• --protect water quality
• --Slow the flow
• -- Critical issue of water --demands on aquifer exceed ability to
replenish itself.
• - Maximise facilities for collection, use, purify, and reuse on-site.
• Protection/ conservation of water accomplished by;
• -- designing dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet– for flushing
/washing
• --- Using water conserving fixtures -- ultra-low flush toilets/ low-flow
shower heads.
• --reducing sewer traffic and re-using water on-site..
• -- using sewage / grey water for on-site use- for irrigation --

101. Water EfficiencyWater Efficiency

102. Water EfficiencyWater Efficiency

104. In-Situ Sewerage Treatment PlantIn-Situ Sewerage Treatment PlantJal

105. Water MeteringWater Metering

106. XERI-SCAPINGXERI-SCAPING

107. Material Efficiency

108. Green Building MaterialsGreen Building Materials•
No mode of creation is more direct
or naturally arrived at than the
accumulation and agglomeration
of materials found close at hand.”

109. Material EfficiencyMaterial Efficiency
Building materials vital for making buildings Green
Building materials considered 'green‘ which are naturally
produced and include:
-- rapidly renewable plant materials -- bamboo and straw,
 stone, recycled stone, ,
--- Products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or
recyclable include--
• - a high performance concrete, fly-ash Bricks
- Recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion
products, foundry sand, recycled metal
--Demolished debris in construction projects.
--Energy efficient building materials

110. Green Material - Fly Ash BricksGreen Material - Fly Ash Bricks

111. Green Material- Fly AshGreen Material- Fly Ash
Bricks- AdvantagesBricks- Advantages
• Reduced Embodied Energy: using Fly ash- lime- Gypsum
bricks-- 40% reduction in embodied energy of masonry.
• • Environment Friendly: Fly ash brick uses unfired Fly Ash
technology hence the CO2 emissions in manufacturing
process limited..
• • Excellent Thermal Insulation: The buildings using fly ash
bricks are cool in summers and warm in winters.
• • Fire Resistance: very high as these bricks composed of
fly ash as its major constituents, which is un-burnt residue of
the coal fired in a thermal power plant.
• • No Efflorescence: Fly ash bricks resist salt and other
sulphate attack, ensuring no efflorescence in structure.

112. Green Material -Green Material - Autoclaved AeratedAutoclaved Aerated
ConcreteConcrete
Autoclaved aerated concrete --a
versatile lightweight construction
material used as blocks which are:
- Lightweight
-low density with
--excellent insulation properties. -----
-- good acoustic properties
-- durable
--- with good resistance to sulfate
attack ----and to damage by fire and
frost.
-- used to form the inner leaf of a
cavity wall.
-- also used in outer leaf, when they
are usually rendered and in
foundations.
Autoclaved aerated concrete is easily
cut to any required shape.

113. Green Material--Green Material--UPVC( UnplastisizedUPVC( Unplastisized
Polyvinyl chloride)Polyvinyl chloride) doors anddoors and
WindowsWindowsThe Vinyl windows
--- excellent insulators :
--Reduce heating and cooling
loads by:
- preventing thermal loss
through frame / sash material .
-- not affected by weather/ air
pollution / salt, acid rain
industrial pollution ,pesticides
,smog, discoloration and
structural damage .
- user friendly and Eco-
Friendly ,-- readily accepted and
safe .

114. BambooBamboo
i. Strength at par with hard wood--- Bamboo extremely strong
natural fibre, on par with hardwoods-- when cultivated,
harvested, prepared and stored properly
-- Bamboo, like true wood, is a natural composite material with
a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures.
--Bamboo has higher compressive strength than wood,
brick or concrete and a tensile strength that rivals steel
• ii High Flexibility - Bamboo highly flexible--during growth
trained to grow in unconventional shapes.
-- After harvest, may be bent /utilized in archways / curved
areas.
iii. Earthquake-resistance - Great capacity for shock
absorption, -- makes it useful in earthquake- prone areas.
iv. Lightweight - Bamboo extremely lightweight.
• -- Building with bamboo can be accomplished faster with
simple tools than building with other materials.
-Cranes and other heavy machinery rarely required.
• v. Cost-effective – Economical--- especially in areas where
cultivated and readily available.
• --Transporting cost is also much lesser.
• -- Helps achieve cost effective construction.

115. BambooBamboovi. vi. Durable - Long-lasting --as its wooden correlates, when properly
harvested and maintained.
• ·vii. Fast Growing--Bamboo fast growing species / renewable
resource which can be cultivated in most types of soil. ·
• viii. Simple designing- Designs of Bamboo components being
simple, there is no need of highly skilled labour.
• ·ix Reducing use of wood-- Dependency on natural forests for
wood reduced thus contributing to the protection of the environment.
• ·x Eco- friendly-- As it can grow in many types of soil, bamboo
cultivation is suitable for rehabilitation of degraded forests and other
waste lands thus converting them into fertile lands to some extent.
• xi Promoting Employment– Creating employment opportunities
especially for rural people --as Bamboo mats manually woven
before making them into Bamboo Mat / Boards, Bamboo Mat Veneer
Composites and Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets.
• ·xii Promoting Welfare of society/poor- Promotes overall welfare
of the society, particularly of economically weaker section.
• xiii Reducing GLOBAL warming- Captures 17 mts CO2 per
hectare per year- more than any specie
• xiv Improves indoor air Quality- By removing carbon and adding
oxygen when used as Indoor plant

116. Structural flexibility of BambooStructural flexibility of Bamboo

117. Rastaurant in BambooRastaurant in Bamboo

118. Making Buildings Green- UsingMaking Buildings Green- Using
BambooBamboo

119. India Pavilion made of BambooIndia Pavilion made of Bamboo
at Shanghai expo 2010at Shanghai expo 2010

120. City of Modular Bamboo structureCity of Modular Bamboo structure

121. Indoor Air Quality

122. Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Quality
Most building materials / cleaning/ maintenance products emit gases--
-----some of them toxic including formaldehyde.
--These gases have detrimental impact on occupants‘;
--health,
--comfort, and
--productivity.
--Avoiding following will improve building's IAQ.
- Use of Volatile Organic Compound
--- Air impurities
---Microbial contaminants.
For Improving IAQ--
-- Provide Good Ventilation system
-Choose construction materials with low VOC emissions
-- Choose interior finish products with Zero or low VOC emissions
-- Using Indoor plants
-- Eliminate dampness

123. Best air purifying plants for
general air cleanliness
Areca Palm Snake Plant
Best Air Purifier
Money Plant
Removes Nitrogen Oxides
& absorbs formaldehydes
Improving Indoor Air Quality through Plants –
Air Purifiers

124. CCommon green constructionommon green construction
practicespractices
: Using sustainable building materials -- recycled glass /steel/ renewable
materials -- bamboo /rubber
• Installing energy-efficient windows /doors
• Using lower-VOC (volatile organic compounds) paints /stains
• Constructing green roof systems (plants on your roof”) including ;
• --on-site gardens,
--- rainwater management
--protecting roof from effects of harmful UV light
--water harvesting and purification systems -- making most use of
rainfall
• Maximizing natural light– to save on lighting requirements / energy
costs)/ keep buildings warm in colder months
• Using renewable energy -to power the building by installing
a commercial solar panel system

125. ELEMENTS OF ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING DESIGN - 1

126. Green Building Vision-India-@75
Green buildings- 5-8% costlier than
conventional buildings
Green buildings to be less costly than
conventional buildings
Horizontal landscape Vertical & horizontal landscape
40-50% Energy savings vis-s-vis
international codes
Green buildings will be energy positive,
exporting power to grid
Power driven air-conditioning systems Renewable sources driven air-conditioning
systems
High Dependency on municipal water Minimum dependency on municipal water

127. Future Typology of
Buildings- High
Rise Buildings

128. HIGH RISE BUILDINGS:
have enormous capacity to create large volume of built space
--- sparing large ground space for non -urban uses.
provide optimum solutions for housing large
population/activities using minimum area.
Offer opportunities for pedestrianizing cities.
Make cities more humane & eco-friendly.
Make cities more compact
Reduce the need of long travels.
Create well knit & close communities.
•Providing work space & amenities within/near the
buildings reduces travel within cities.
•High rise buildings connected by efficient means of
mass transportation minimize use of personalized
vehicles.
• Cities would look more green, open and eco-
friendly.
Buildings to Reshape Cities

129. Future Cities-Conceptual
Ultima Tower- 2Mile High Sky City
•Location: Any densely populated urban
environment-Date: 1991-Cost: $150,000,000,000
•Population: 1,000,000 people
•Exterior surface area building: 150,000,000 sft
•.
•Enclosed volume: 53,000,000,000 cubic feet
•Total enclosed acreage: 39,000 acres
•Elevator speed: 20 feet per second (13 miles
per hour) 9 minutes and 40 seconds to reach the
top floor from the ground floor.
•Dimensions: Height--10,560 feet;
•Diameter at the base--6000 feet;
•Number of stories--500;

130. Mile-High Tower-
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Location Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Cost US$28.5 billion
• Height 1 mile (1,600 m; 5,280 ft)
• Floor area 3,530,000 m2 (38,000,000 sft)
• Capacity 80,000 people
• The tower will have -275 floors
• Lobby upto 5 th floor
• Offices 6- 50 floors
• Five-star hotel &Conference halls 51-75
floors
• Deluxe residential units 76-195 floors and
• Retail facilities 196-275 floors
• Alternate Energy Generation 196-275 floors
• Status of the project Already under
construction

131. Earth Scraper –Earth Scraper –
Mexico CityMexico City• Location- Mexico City
• Depth 300 mtrs. Below ground
• Designed as Inverted Pyramid
• -Glass floor to cover 240 mtrs X
240 mtrs. hole in cities main
square to filter natural light
• -Preserve the cities historic
centre and
• -- heritage buildings
surrounding the square.
• -- Interior of the building to look
natural.
• Building to be the city’s top
retail destination.

132. Earth Scraper Mexico City-Earth Scraper Mexico City-
Conceptual ModelConceptual Model
• No. of floors 65.
• Residential 10
• Shopping 10
• Museum 10
• Offices 35

133. Earth Scraper Mexico City-Earth Scraper Mexico City-
Top ViewTop View

134. PEARL RIVER TOWER- GUANGZHOU, CHINA
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
YEAR OF COMPLETION- 2011
SITE AREA-10635SQ.M.
PROJECT AREA- 214,100SQ.M.
(2.3MILLION SQ.FT.)
NO. OF STORIES- 71
HEIGHT OF BUILDING-309 M
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACHIEVED THROUGH
SOLAR PANELS
PHOTO VOLTAIC CELLS
WIND TURBINES
DAY LIGHT HARVESTING
DOUBLE SKIN CURTAIN WALLS
CHILLED CEILING WATER
UNDER FLOOR VENTILATION

135. German ParliamentGerman Parliament
•.
Designed to use 100% renewable energy-- passive
use of solar power and natural light and also bio-fuel
generators.-- leads to a 94% cut in its carbon
emissions.

136. Net Zero BuildingNet Zero Building IndiraIndira
Paryavaran Bhawan DelhiParyavaran Bhawan Delhi

137. Godrej Sohrab ji Building-Godrej Sohrab ji Building-
Hyderabad- India’s first platinumHyderabad- India’s first platinum
rated buildingrated building

138. Parameters for
evaluating Green
Buildings:

139. i. Sustainable Architecture & Design- 5/5
• Integrated design approach, Site preservation, Passive Architecture
ii Site Selection and Planning - 14/14
basic amenities, proximity to local transport, natural topography, tree
preservation, heat island reduction, low emitting vehicle, outdoor
light pollution, facilities for construction workers etc
• iii. Water Conservation -- 18/19
• Rain water harvesting – roof/non-roof, efficient plumbing fixtures,
• Sustainable landscape design , waste water treatment/recycling,
• water metering
• iv Energy Conservation --28/30
• use of chlorofluorocarbon-free equipment, Minimum energy
efficiency , enhanced energy efficiency, On/off site renewable
energy generation, energy saving measures in appliances and
other equipment and energy metering and management
Parameters for Evaluating Green BuildingsParameters for Evaluating Green Buildings
(52= 10 Mandatory+42 Others)(52= 10 Mandatory+42 Others)

140. • v. Building Materials/Resources– 16/16
• waste segregation- post occupation
• handling of construction waste materials,
• reuse of salvaged materials,
• using green building materials, products and equipment
• organic waste management- post occupation,
• vi Indoor Environment Quality-12/9
• tobacco smoke control, fresh air ventilation ,CO2 monitoring,
• low emitting compound materials, paints and adhesives,
• Day lighting,
• outdoor view,
• indoor/outdoor pollution
• Indoor Air Quality management during construction,
• Indoor Air Quality testing after construction/ before occupation
vi. Innovations and Development -- 7/7
• Innovations in design process,
• optimisation of structural design,
• Waste water reuse during construction.
• IGBC accredited professional
Parameters for Evaluating Green Buildings:Parameters for Evaluating Green Buildings:

141. RATING OF NEW GREEN BUILDINGSRATING OF NEW GREEN BUILDINGS

142. RATING OF NEW GREEN BUILDINGRATING OF NEW GREEN BUILDING

143. RATING OF NEW GREEN BUILDINGRATING OF NEW GREEN BUILDING

144. Conclusions-
Green Buildings:

145. Conclusion- Green BuildingsConclusion- Green Buildings
• Practices / technologies for green building constantly evolving
• Differ from region to region—
• -- However, fundamental principles remains almost same, ---
• Optimise Site Planning
• Optimise Building Envelop
• Ensure Structure design efficiency
• Ensure Energy efficiency,
• Promote Water efficiency,
• Promote Materials efficiency
• Ensure Indoor environmental quality enhancement,
• Operations and maintenance optimization and
• Waste and toxics reduction.
• On aesthetic side of green architecture ----
• --Evolving sustainable design
• --- Designing in harmony with nature-- natural features and resources
• --- Using 'green' building materials from local sources,
• ---- reduce loads
• -- optimize systems-

146. Conclusion- Green BuildingsConclusion- Green Buildings
• United Nations Framework– Convention on Climate Change
states that:
---Urban areas responsible for 70% of global energy consumption
and CO2 emission
--By 2030—82 billion sqm (900 billion sqft)- an area equal to 60%
of total stock of world will be built
--by 2050 building sector must phase out CO2 ( Zero carbon built
environment)
• --Buildings critical to address ecological concern
• --Going green necessity/ imperative to ensure sustainable
tomorrow
• --Together we can make the difference

147. ‘‘A Green building makes youA Green building makes you
Happy, Healthy and More ProductiveHappy, Healthy and More Productive
-Provides highest quality of indoor environmentProvides highest quality of indoor environment
-Optimizes Resources, Reduce Waste,Optimizes Resources, Reduce Waste,
- Reduce Carbon FootprintsReduce Carbon Footprints
-makes building operations—makes building operations—
- cost effective and energy efficientcost effective and energy efficient
- – ‘Natural Capitalism’

148. AND SEARCH FOR PROMOTING URBANAND SEARCH FOR PROMOTING URBAN
SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH BUILTSUSTAINABILITY THROUGH BUILT
ENVIRONMENT CONTINUES AS CHALLENGEENVIRONMENT CONTINUES AS CHALLENGE