Making sense of open scholarly communications data - Jisc Digifest 2016
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The transition to open access (OA) is being accompanied by opening up financial data about the scholarly communications system. The costs of both journal subscriptions and open access article processing charges (APCs) – along with the revenues of the publishers who receive them – are now subject to great scrutiny. This session will describe how and why this is happening and discuss the potential impact of the ‘new normal’ of financial transparency for publishers, librarians, and intermediaries.
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Making sense of open scholarly communications data - Jisc Digifest 2016
- 1. Making sense of open scholarly communications data The ‘new normal’ of financial transparency
- 2. Introduction
- 3. Introduction »Transition to open access brings about pressure for increased financial transparency for publishers and institutions »Examples: › JiscTotal Cost of Ownership project › RCUK andWellcomeTrust APC data › Stuart Lawson’s Freedom of Information dataset on journal subscriptions 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 4. Benefits of sharing data »Inform negotiations with publishers »Benchmark spend against other institutions »Model transition to open access »Not a means of informing researchers where to publish 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 6. Total cost of ownership project »Project collects article-level APC data from institutions »Main drivers: › As manyAPC payments as possible should be publicly available › This data should be as standardised and well-structured as possible »Open APC data makes the market transparent, which benefits institutions 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 7. Total cost of ownership project »Started by Jisc Collections in 2013 »Began with 17 participating institutions »Now has grown to include data from over 40 institutions »Compatible with RCUK and COAF reporting 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 8. Total cost of ownership project »Inform Jisc Collections’ negotiations with publishers »Help funders evaluate and shape open access policies »Allow institutions to track and benchmark their spend What is data used for? 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 9. +127% +51% +113% +56% £- £1,000,000 £2,000,000 £3,000,000 £4,000,000 £5,000,000 £6,000,000 £7,000,000 £8,000,000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 2013 2014 2015 Expenditure NumberofAPCs Number of APCs Expenditure Trends in APC payments »The number ofAPCs paid is growing › Huge growth following introduction of block grants in 2013 »Expenditure is outpacing number of APCs Growth in APCs 2013-2015 (14 institutions) 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 10. Trends in average APC »Average APC of £1,713 for 2014-2015 »The average APC is rising »Huge variation in APC costs Average APC 2013-2015 (15 institutions) 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data -2% +8% £1,540 £1,560 £1,580 £1,600 £1,620 £1,640 £1,660 £1,680 £1,700 £1,720 £1,740 2013 2014 2015
- 11. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Frontiers PLOS IEEE Taylor & Francis BioMed Central Royal Society Royal Society of Chemistry IOP Publishing Average* Springer American Society for Microbiology BMJ Wiley Elsevier Oxford University Press American Chemical Society Cambridge University Press Society for Neuroscience NPG Walters Kluwer Cell Press Average APC by publisher Average APC Jul 2014-Aug 2015 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 12. £- £500 £1,000 £1,500 £2,000 £2,500 £3,000 £3,500 2013 2014 2015 Nature OUP CUP ACS Wiley Springer Elsevier Average AIP BMJ IOP BioMed Central RSC PLOS Taylor & Francis Sage Average APC price Average APC price 2013-15 (15 institutions) 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 13. Elsevier Wiley Springer NPG OUP BioMed Central PLOS American Chemical Society BMJ Taylor & Francis Royal Society of Chemistry Royal Society Frontiers IOP Publishing IEEE Cell Press CUP Wolters Kluwer American Society for Microbiology Society for Neuroscience Other £0.00 £500,000.00 £1,000,000.00 £1,500,000.00 £2,000,000.00 £2,500,000.00 £3,000,000.00 £3,500,000.00 £4,000,000.00 £4,500,000.00 £5,000,000.00 RevenuefromAPCs Publisher revenue from APCs Publisher revenue from APCs, Aug 2014-Jul 2015 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 14. Hybrid vs. full open access »Most expenditure goes to hybrid APCs »The average APC for hybrid journals is consistently higher »Hybrid average: £1,867 »Full OA average: £1,225 Hybrid/Full OA expenditure Jul 2014-Aug 2015 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data Hybrid 83% Full OA 17%
- 15. Rising hybrid APCs »The average APC is increasing more rapidly overall for hybrid journals »Hybrid journals are thus responsible for most of the rise in average APCs overall Average APC by journal type, 2013-2015 (15 institutions) 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE][CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] £0.00 £500.00 £1,000.00 £1,500.00 £2,000.00 £2,500.00 2013 2014 2015 Full OA Hybrid
- 16. Rising market share for full open access »Open access journals have increased their market share from 4% to 23% in three years » This may reflect authors’ price sensitivity to hybrid journals’ higher APCs »Are hybrid journals slowing the transition to open access? Percentage of APC expenditure by journal type, 2013-2015 (15 institutions) 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2013 2014 2015 Full OA Hybrid
- 17. Subscription expenditure 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 18. Context »Article processing charges are part of a larger picture of total journal expenditure »It is difficult to access information about subscription expenditure › Non-disclosure agreements from Elsevier › Unlike with research council funded APCs, there is no incentive to share private subscription data »Much of the information which exists is confidential 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 19. Freedom of information dataset »The next part of this analysis relies on subscription data gathered by Stuart Lawson through Freedom of Information requests »It tracks expenditure with 10 publishers from 153 UK universities »Not a Jisc project »Most comprehensive open data set available 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 20. APC vs. subscription expenditure »APC expenditure is 16% of total journal expenditure APC and subscription expenditure, 2014 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data APC expenditure 16% Subscription expenditure 84%
- 21. APC and subscription revenue by publisher, 2014 »Elsevier receives the highest amount of APCs and subscriptions 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data £0.00 £10,000,000.00 £20,000,000.00 Elsevier Wiley Springer Taylor & Francis Nature Publishing Group Sage Oxford University Press Institute of Physics Publishing Cambridge University Press Royal Society of Chemistry APC revenue Subscription revenue
- 22. APC and subscription revenue by publisher, 2014 »Some publishers rely on APCs for a higher proportion of revenue than others 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Elsevier Wiley Springer Taylor & Francis Nature Publishing Group Sage Oxford University Press Institute of Physics Publishing Cambridge University Press Royal Society of Chemistry APC revenue Subscription revenue
- 23. Elsevier Wiley Springer Taylor & Francis Sage Nature Publishing Group £0 £10,000,000 £20,000,000 £30,000,000 £40,000,000 £50,000,000 £60,000,000 £70,000,000 £80,000,000 £90,000,000 £100,000,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Elsevier Wiley Springer Taylor & Francis Sage Oxford University Press Cambridge University Press Nature Publishing Group Royal Society of Chemistry Institute of Physics Publishing Increase in subscription revenue Subscription revenue, 2010-2014 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 24. Growth in subscription revenue Yearly growth in subscription revenue, 2011-2014 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data -5.00% 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 2011 2012 2013 2014 Elsevier Wiley Springer Taylor & Francis Sage Oxford University Press Cambridge University Press Nature Publishing Group Royal Society of Chemistry Institute of Physics Publishing Average
- 25. Capturing and releasing APC data Total cost of ownership spreadsheet 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 26. Data collection principles »RecordAPC details in a standardized way »Benefits: › Makes it easier to account to funders › Makes it easy to share payment details with other universities › Reduces administrative burden »Challenges: › Tracking payments made from departmental or project budgets 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 27. Total cost of ownership project »Spreadsheet to recordAPCs »Benefits: › Easy to use › Compatible with RCUK and COAF reporting › Fields map to RIOXX and CASRAI where applicable › Can import data from other systems (for example, Eprints) »Released on Figshare under CC0 license 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
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- 34. APC reporting in the future Monitor local and Monitor UK 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 35. Monitor Local »Allows institutions to record and report data on open access outputs › Includes both gold and green open access »Has an easy-to-use web interface »Autocompletes metadata »Validates and checks compliance 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 36. Monitor UK »Aggregates APC data from across institutions and presents them as a dashboard »Enables institutions to benchmark spend against other institutions, and compare publisher pricing and compliance 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 37. Monitor UK pilot 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 38. Monitor Local and UK »Pilot projects completed in 2015 »Are now in development »Are scheduled to be released in summer 2016 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 39. Conclusion Summary of key points 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 40. Summary of key points »Article processing charges are an increasingly important part of institutions’ expenditure on publication »APCs vary between publishers, institutions, and types of journal »There is still a lot to learn about these costs »The more transparency we have around article processing charges and other financial data, the better decisions we can make 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 41. Summary of key points »Releasing open financial data helps your institution by: › Making it easier for us to negotiate on your behalf with publishers › Helping you to track costs in a standardized way that can be measured against other institutions › Increasing general awareness about article processing charges › Allowing funders and policy makers to aid the transition to open access 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 42. Summary of key points »JiscTotal Cost of Ownership project: http://bit.ly/_Jisc_APC_Collection »Open data on article processing charges: http://bit.ly/_Figshare_Article_Processing »Open data on journal subscription costs: http://bit.ly/_Figshare_Journal_Subscription_Costs »Jisc Monitor: http://bit.ly/_Jisc_Monitoring_Open_Access_Activity 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
- 43. jisc.ac.uk Making sense of open scholarly communications data Katie Shamash Scholarly communications analyst Katie.Shamash@jisc.ac.uk 03/03/2016 Making sense of open scholarly communications data
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Who is using Jisc TCO? Who is interested in knowing results from data Who wants hands-on help with APC reporting
- Since APCs are publicly funded and require reporting to funders FOI not a Jisc project
- Institutions as a whole, institutions individually, funders/policy makers Ask if institutions think such data would influence researchers’ publishing decisions
- greater transparency around APCs goes some way toward creating a equitable mechanism for allocating total costs amongst HEIs. i.e. the historical print spend element is not equitable or based on an observable metric but least APCs are!
- Average APC meeting the predictions in the Finch report
- Jisc Collections in negotiations with Nature, Elsevier this year
- Note that sub REVENUE is increasing, but GROWTH is slowing
- Based on TCO spreadsheet but includes more fields for institutions who need them
- Will ingest TCO csv, etc