1. Hungary in the Hapsburg Empire

2.  Consequences of the expulsion of the Turks
Disastrous economy needs to be reborn!!
 Hungary has a chance to recovery of confidence
after many decades of economic stagnation and decline
HOW? That is the question
Travellers’ experiences: The country is the land of contradictions:
land with fertile soil but vast areas with fallow, marshlands
(2.4 % cultivated in 1720), population thin, miserable

3. Hungary hardly exceeded 3.5 million
it had around 1500!
Ways of growing of population:
Migration: Inner movements peasants
moved to the Great Plains
Settling supported by the Court
(official way of migration)
Immigration ( from Transylvania,
Serbia, eg)
form of the new settlement

7. Western Europe/  Hungary
Hapsburg Empire
 crop rotation agriculture  pasture-ground , two-
was supported by the field system
Court
in some areas of the Western
part: three-field s.
 more industrialised  remained traditional
agricultural country
 guilds
 manufactures
 poor
 extensive trade infrasturcture, agrarian
 towards capitalisation trade
(WE) 

8.  NOBILITY:  PEASANTS : serfdom,
 exemption of taxes (’nobles  obligations:
oblige’)
 socage (corve`e) still existed!
 ARISTOCRACY: loyal to the
COURT  3-4days/week,
 inter-marriage
 integrate  rent for the land,
 privileges returned
 constitutional  state taxes (war tax)
independence guaranteed
 LOWER NOBILITY:
 loyal to the aristocracy, loyal
to the Hapsburgs

9. Charles III’s dilemma:
 no male heir !
1722-23 the Diet accepted the succession of
the female heir ,perpetual personal union ‚
(until 1918)
IN RETURN: the king agreed (1712-15) to take
the Coronation Oath, call the diet regularly,
Hungarian nobilities’ right to vote for the war
tax, recruits

10.  A woman on the throne in
Mid-Europe?
 claimants to the throne
(e.g.Prussian Frederick II)
 Wars, long wars for what?
 SILESIA
 Why was it important to
obtain or to have it?
 the most
industrialised, economically
powerful area of all Hapsburg
possession)
 The young Queen was alone
 Hungarian nobilities’ offer:
‚Vitam et sanguinem’ for the
Queen at her personal appeal
to the diet an act of prudence

12.  Hungarian nobility was eager to help the Queen
 What was offered by them?
 4 million florins of subsidy, 35,000 recruits, the noble’s insurrection
 WHY ?no suitable pretender in H, Ottoman threat still there for Hungary
 Support meant defence long-term effect was more profitable
 Long war with moderate succeed :
 In the Peace Treaty in Dresden 1745: Frederick acknowledged the
Queen’s husband as Holy Roman Emperor ….at last
 Then plus three years the war ended with the Treaty of Aachen 1748, the
validity of PS
 Reinforced the status quo
(before the war!) in
the Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763)

13.  Hungary: in the focus of Vienna’s interest:
 vast territory, natural resources were badly needed
 These facts destined to Hungary for a central role
of the Monarchy’s power
 On the throne

14. ADMINISTRATIVE SOCIAL, EDUCATIONAL
 Huge amount of socage work (3-4
Separation of administration and days/week
jurisdiction at highest level
Council of State 1761, the main  the income of the state depended
advisory body on the serfs
From 1765 the Queen ruled by decree  1767 Urbarial Decree/Urbarium:
1754 Tariff Regulation (mercantilism):  Regulated and unified the serfs’
a) to protect Austrian and Bohemian duties
industries  1777 Ratio Educationis regulated
b)extra source of income (nobles’ tax education
free privilege) outer
Double borders inner
Result:H the major supplier of
cheap food and raw material for the western
provinces