A Project based on ayurvedic and modern concept of human mind.

3. Nirukti
मनु अवबोधने ।
The entity which makes a
person knowledgeable is
manas or mind.
It originates in intra-uterine
life in the 3rd month.

4. Atindriya
 अतीन्द्रियम् पुनममनः सत्वसंञकं , चेतः
इत्याहुरेके ,तदर्ामत्मसंपदायतचेष्टं
चेष्टाप्रत्ययभूतममन्द्रियाणाम।
 अततक्रारतममन्द्रियमतीन्द्रियम।
 Mind is a tool for sense organs to
perceive, hence it is called atindriya.It
is also called satva. Cheta is one of the
synonyms of mind.Mechanisms of
sense organs are complete with mind
correlating soul & perception of sense
organs.

5. Versatility of mind
 स्वार्ेन्द्रियार्मसंकल्पव्यमभचरणाच्यानेकन्द्स्मन ्
पुरुषे सत्वं, रजस्तमः सत्वगुण्योगाच्च न
चानेकत्वम् नह्येकम् ह्येककालमनेके षु
प्रवतमतेः तस्मारनैककाला सवेन्द्रिय प्रवृत्तः॥
 Even if every individual lodges only one
mind, it takes up all colours & shades of
work & emotions. It is wondered
therefore, whether there is more than
one mind.Verse above strongly
postulates the theory of only one mind
with various kinds of presentations.

6. The Eleventh Indriya
 उभयात्मकं मनः। सां.का.
 It is a tool for both sense organs as well as
organs of functions.
 It is considered as both ; sense organ as well
as organ of function. Hence it is eleventh
indriya.
 Besides controlling and coordinating the sense
impressions from the external world , the mind
functions as a motor organ – enabling activities
through speech & other actions. Thus mind is
both a sensory as well as a motor
organ(Frawley 1998).

7.  The senses act only when the mind
exists or directs the other organs: The
Brahadarnyaka upanishad put it as: “If
the mind is else where, I do not see; I do
not hear.”
 In Ayurveda the body is the realm of
molecules while the mind is the field of
thoughts.

8.  इन्द्रियेणेन्द्रियार्े हह समनस्के न गृह्यते।
 कल््यते मनसा तूर्धवम गुणतो दोषतो अर्वा॥
 जायते त्वषये तत्र या बुन्द्र्धदतनमश्चयान्द्त्मका।
 व्यवस्यतत तर्ा वकतुं कतुुं वा बुन्द्र्धदपूवमकम॥

9. Functions of Mind
 When the mind keeps itself in association with
special senses, sensory organs convey the stimuli.
These stimuli reach their ‘centres’ and
interpretation of these stimuli takes place in
centres. This interpretation takes place on the
basis of previous experience of the same kind of
stimulus. Mind tries to analyze whether previous
experience was for benefit of body or for harm of
the body.Buddhi or intelligence, after going through
this analysis made by the mind, takes final
decision about perceived object with the help of
previous experience.

10.  The functions of the mind are:
 इन्द्रियामभग्रहः कमम मनसः स्वस्र् तनग्रहः।
ऊहो त्वचारश्च ततः परं बुन्द्र्धदः प्रवतमते ॥
 चचर्यम् त्वचारम् ऊह्यम् च र्धयेयम् संकल्पमेव
च यत ् ककन्द्चचत ् मनसो ञेयं, तत ् सवमम् हह
अर्मसाधाकं ॥
 To keep control on all organs.(इन्द्रियामभग्रहः)
 To keep control on self.(स्वस्र् तनग्रहः)
 To judge.(उह्यं य यत ् संभावनया ऊह्यते)
 To think.(त्वचार)

11.  Charaka states that:
मनसास्तु चचरत्यमर्मः।
Mind is what thinks , it is its very nature to
think; its field of roaming about is what
the senses feed it upon.
 इन्द्रियमभग्रह कममः मनसः स्वस्र्तनग्रह ऊहो
त्वचारं च ततः परं बु्चध प्रवतमते॥

12. Qualities of Mind
 अणुत्वमर् चैकत्वम् ्वौ गुणौ मनसः
स्मृतः॥
 अणुत्वम्& एकत्वम् are the two qualities
of mind, अणुत्वम ्is the existence of mind
at the cellular level in the form of
neurons. एकत्वम्is the perception of
one indriya at a particular instant of time.

13. Position of mind
 तव्दत ् अतीन्द्रियाणाम् पुनः सत्वादीनां के वलं
चेतनावत ् शरीरं अयनभूतं च।
Entire body is location of manas.
Earlier writings held the heart to be the seat
of mind.
 मशरस्ताल्वरतरगतम् सवेन्द्रदयपरम् मनः ।
(भेलसंहहत)
However Bhela, considered the brain as the
centre of mind which he said is the highest
of all senses & has its seat between the
head & palate.

15. Cerebrum
 It is the seat of intelligence.
 Centre for the perception of senses.
 Memory:prefrontal cortex plays an
important part in processing short-term
memories and retaining longer term
memories which are not task-based.
 Recollection
 Imagination: The ability to imagine
things that have never existed.

16. Eleven areas of the brain are showing differential activity levels in a
Dartmouth study using functional MRI to measure how humans
manipulate mental imagery.(imagination). Researchers measured the
participants' brain activity with functional MRI and found a cortical and sub
cortical network over a large part of the brain was responsible for their
imagery manipulations. The network closely resembles the "mental
workspace" that scholars have theorized might be responsible for much of
human conscious experience and for the flexible cognitive abilities that
humans have evolved.

17. Limbic system : The emotional
Brain
 The limbic system : structures on the inner border of
cerebrum & diencephalon.
 It includes:
i. Corpus callosum
ii. Parahippocampal & cingulate gyri
iii. Dentate gyri
iv. Amygdala
v. Septal nuclei
vi. Mamillary bodies of the hypothalamus
vii. Anterior nucleus of the thalamus
viii. Olfactory bulb
ix. Fornix, Stria terminalis, Stria medullaris
x. Medial forebrain bundle
xi. Mammillo thalamic tract

18.  The limbic system plays a primary role
in a range of emotions, such as pain,
pleasure, docility, affection & anger.
 Hippocampus important role in memory
consolidation & spatial navigation. An
injury can cause the loss of memory.
 Limbic system functions in emotional
aspects of behaviour related to survival.

19. Marmas
 Seemanta(5)(kaalaantara praana hara
marma)
 Srngaataka(4)(sadya praana hara
marma)
 Adhipati(1)(sadya praana hara marma)
 Matrika (8)(sadya praana hara marma)

20. Matrika marma

22.  It includes 8 marmas , As they are all close
together, the marma is often treated as one
overall region.
 It is a Sira marma, 4 anguli in size.
 It is a sadya Pranahara Marma.
 Anatomical structures: Branches of
common carotid artery, front and back of
neck, face, side of head, meninges , middle
ear, thyroid, tongue, tonsils, internal ear.
Internal juglar vein receiving from the face,
neck & thyroid. Vagus & phrenic nerves.
 Symptoms if injured : Injury to blood
vessels will cause severe haemorrhage,
collapse & death.

23. Trauma to Matrika marma : A
recent example

25. Srngaataka Marma

26.  न्द्जह्वाक्षिनामसकाश्रोत्रखचतुष्टयसङ्गमे।
तालुरयास्यातन चत्वारर स्रोतसां तेषु मममसु॥
त्वर्धदः श्रृङ्गाटकारर्ेषु सर्धयस्त्यजतत जीत्वतम।

27.  Srngaataka is a sira marma, 4 in
number, 4 anguli in size.
 Anatomical structures : It includes the
supraorbital artery, frontal diploic vein &
superior sagittal sinus, occipito frontalis
muscle, ophthalmic nerve.
 It is a sady pranaharana marma
 Symptoms if injured : Disorientation of
senses, haemorrhage & possible death.

28. Seemanta Marma

29.  कपाले सरधयः पचच सीमरतान्द्स्तयमगूर्धवमगा।
भ्रमोरमादमनोनाशैस्तेषु त्वर्धदेषु नश्यतत॥

30.  Seemanta marma includes 5 marma
regions on the skull. It is 4 anguli in size.
 It is a sandhi marma.It is kalantara
pranaharana marma.
 Anatomical Structures : It includes Parietal-
frontal,parietal-temporal & parietal-occipital
joints.Occipito-frontalis muscle & epicranial
apponeurosis. Opthalmic & maxillary
nerves and second and third cervical
nerves.Anterior & posterior superficial
temporal and occipital arteries.Occipital
diploic vein,posterior parietal,anterior
parietal & frontal parietal veins.
 Symptoms if injured: Injury may cause
paralysis haemorrhage or sudden death.

31. Adhipathi Marma

32.  आरतरो मस्तकस्योर्छमवं मसरासन्द्रधसमागमः।
रोमावतोअचधपो नाम ममम सर्धयो हरत्यसून॥

33.  Adhipati is located just behind the
frontanelle, 1 marma point. ½ anguli in
size.
 It is Sandhi marma .It is a sadya
pranaharana marma.
 Anatomical structures : Occipito-parietal
joint, occipital and parietal bones.Occipital
artery, posterior diploic vein and occipital
sagital sinus.
 Symptoms if injured : Loss of
consciousness, coma, injury to brain.

34. Significance of mind in
Ayurveda
 Caraka suggests that he who has his
mind under control does not contract
any disease.
 The entire approach of Ayurveda to the
problem of health & disease is strongly
psychosomatic in nature with a greater
emphasis on the phenomenon of mind
than that of body.

35. Significance of mind in modern
medicine
 Modern neuroscience research indicates
that all mental functions are the
projections of brain functions(Kendal
1998).
 Dichotomy of Body & mind.

36. Drawbacks of Body – Mind
Dichotomy
 Langley & Brand (1971) have discussed
the problem of body-mind relationship,
and have criticized the dicot concept of
the body & mind.
 The body & mind are not two separate
entities. They are part & parcel of the
same organism.

37.  The current trend is to identify Every
element of the mind in terms of bodily
molecules. Thus no human study is
complete without the implication of both
these components the body & the mind.
 On the other hand several modern studies
have failed to establish an explainable
correlation between the features of the
mind & the body.
 However it is generally believed that the
man is a composite psychosomatic
organism & accordingly he has to be
studied or classified on one parameter
which of course has to be comprehensive
enough to implicate both the body & mind.

38. Psychosomatic Disorders
 Man being a psychosomatic organism is
naturally prone to psychosomatic
disorders.
 Though in general every disease is
psychosomatic in nature but in limited
terms a psychosomatic disease is one
whose main cause is in the psyche &
manifestations are predominantly visible
in the body. Stress of kind has a central
place in causation of psychosomatic
disease.

39. Reference
 Sarira-Kriya-Vidnana – Dr.Nandini Dilip
Dhargalkar
 AshtangaHrdayam Shareerasthanam
 Ayurveda and marma therapy – Dr.David
Frawley,Dr.Subhash Ranade & Dr.Avinash
Lele
 Mind in Ayurveda – A.Venkoba Rao Indian
Journal of Psychiatry (2002)
 Ayurvedic Concept Of The Psychosomatic
Basis Of Health & Disease – R.H. Singh &
B.N. Sinha
 Ayurvedic Anatomy – Dr. C.R.Agnives
 Sharira Rachana Vigyan – Prof. D.G.Thatte
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