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KAMEN KAO GRAĐEVNI MATERIJAL
• Najstariji prirodni materijal za gradnju -
više od četiri tisuće godina
• Krajem 19. stoljeća ulogu preuzimaju
drugi novi materijali (beton, armirani
beton, čelik)
• Danas se kao konstruktivni materijal
koristi za manje stambene građevine ili
građevine u okruženju izgrađenom od
kamena
• Prirodni kamen se više primjenjuje na
• licu zida a nosiva konstrukcija je
• drugi materijal
VRSTE KAMENA
1. Vrste kamena prema postanku:
• Magmatske stijene - nastale hlađenjem
magme, lave iz vulkana (granit)
• Sedimentni ili taložni kamen - raspadnuti
slojevi se talože i pomoću prirodnih
veziva stvaraju nove slojeve (šljunak i
pijesak)
• Metamorfne stijene - prve dvije vrste
pod raznim utjecajima, topline i pritiska
mijenjaju strukturu (mramor)
VRSTE KAMENA
2. Vrste kamena prema tvrdoći:
• Tvrdi kamen
• Meki kamen
VRSTE KAMENA
3. Vrste kamena prema stupnju obrade:
• Lomljeni kamen
• Obrađeni kamen
• Drobljeni kamen
LOMLJENI KAMEN
1. Obični lomljeni kamen
Komadi koji se voze sa kamenoloma na
gradilište moraju svojim oblikom, težinom i
veličinom odgovarati zidanju bez posebne
dorade (najnužnije klesanje)
LOMLJENI KAMEN
2. Pločasti lomljeni kamen
Biranjem u kamenolomu odvajaju se
pločasti komadi
LOMLJENI KAMEN
3. Dotjerani lomljeni kamen
U kamenolomu se alatom dotjeruje “lice”
kamena
LOMLJENI KAMEN
4. Kamen za ciklopski zid
Komadi kamena sa dotjerane tri ležajne
strane i “licem”
PRAVILA ZIDANJA LOMLJENIM
KAMENOM
1. Duljina kamena koja je u zidu treba biti
veća od širine (vidljivo) i visine
2. Najmanja debljina zida od lomljenog
kamena –60cm
3. Najmanja debljina zida od pločastog
kamena –50cm
4. Najmanja debljina zida od dotjeranog
lomljenog kamena –40cm
5. Uzdužnjak – kamen kojem je duža strana
istosmjerna s dužinom zida
PRAVILA ZIDANJA LOMLJENIM
KAMENOM
6. Vežnjak - kamen kojem je duža strana
poprečno usmjerena s dužinom zida
7. Između vežnjaka i uzdužnjaka su
krhotine
8. Svaki komad treba obuhvatiti slojem
žbuke barem 1 cm
9. Ležajne plohe (gornja i donja) treba
poravnati klesanjem
10.sudarne plohe mogu biti vertikalne ili
skošene
PRAVILA ZIDANJA LOMLJENIM
KAMENOM
11.Spojevi, fuge kod kamena su reške
12.Reške se granaju najviše u tri smjera
OBRAĐENI KAMEN
1. Poluklesani kamen
2. Klesani kamen
3. Specijalno klesani (oblikovani) kamen
VRSTE MJEŠOVITIH ZIDOVA
1. Horizontalno mješoviti zid od lomljenog
kamena i opeke
2. Vertikalno mješoviti zid od lomljenog
kamena i opeke ili betona
3. Mješoviti zidovi od lomljenog kamena i
opeke (obloga od opeke)
PITANJA ZA PONAVLJANJE
1. Nabroji vrste kamena prema postanku!
2. Kolika treba biti najmanja debljina zida
od lomljenog kamena?
3. Objasni razliku između uzdužnjaka i
vežnjaka
4. Kakvi su to mješoviti zidovi?

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1-ZIDOVI-OD-KAMENA.ppsx

  • 1.
  • 2. KAMEN KAO GRAĐEVNI MATERIJAL • Najstariji prirodni materijal za gradnju - više od četiri tisuće godina • Krajem 19. stoljeća ulogu preuzimaju drugi novi materijali (beton, armirani beton, čelik) • Danas se kao konstruktivni materijal koristi za manje stambene građevine ili građevine u okruženju izgrađenom od kamena • Prirodni kamen se više primjenjuje na • licu zida a nosiva konstrukcija je • drugi materijal
  • 3. VRSTE KAMENA 1. Vrste kamena prema postanku: • Magmatske stijene - nastale hlađenjem magme, lave iz vulkana (granit) • Sedimentni ili taložni kamen - raspadnuti slojevi se talože i pomoću prirodnih veziva stvaraju nove slojeve (šljunak i pijesak) • Metamorfne stijene - prve dvije vrste pod raznim utjecajima, topline i pritiska mijenjaju strukturu (mramor)
  • 4. VRSTE KAMENA 2. Vrste kamena prema tvrdoći: • Tvrdi kamen • Meki kamen
  • 5. VRSTE KAMENA 3. Vrste kamena prema stupnju obrade: • Lomljeni kamen • Obrađeni kamen • Drobljeni kamen
  • 6. LOMLJENI KAMEN 1. Obični lomljeni kamen Komadi koji se voze sa kamenoloma na gradilište moraju svojim oblikom, težinom i veličinom odgovarati zidanju bez posebne dorade (najnužnije klesanje)
  • 7. LOMLJENI KAMEN 2. Pločasti lomljeni kamen Biranjem u kamenolomu odvajaju se pločasti komadi
  • 8. LOMLJENI KAMEN 3. Dotjerani lomljeni kamen U kamenolomu se alatom dotjeruje “lice” kamena
  • 9. LOMLJENI KAMEN 4. Kamen za ciklopski zid Komadi kamena sa dotjerane tri ležajne strane i “licem”
  • 10. PRAVILA ZIDANJA LOMLJENIM KAMENOM 1. Duljina kamena koja je u zidu treba biti veća od širine (vidljivo) i visine 2. Najmanja debljina zida od lomljenog kamena –60cm 3. Najmanja debljina zida od pločastog kamena –50cm 4. Najmanja debljina zida od dotjeranog lomljenog kamena –40cm 5. Uzdužnjak – kamen kojem je duža strana istosmjerna s dužinom zida
  • 11. PRAVILA ZIDANJA LOMLJENIM KAMENOM 6. Vežnjak - kamen kojem je duža strana poprečno usmjerena s dužinom zida 7. Između vežnjaka i uzdužnjaka su krhotine 8. Svaki komad treba obuhvatiti slojem žbuke barem 1 cm 9. Ležajne plohe (gornja i donja) treba poravnati klesanjem 10.sudarne plohe mogu biti vertikalne ili skošene
  • 12. PRAVILA ZIDANJA LOMLJENIM KAMENOM 11.Spojevi, fuge kod kamena su reške 12.Reške se granaju najviše u tri smjera
  • 13. OBRAĐENI KAMEN 1. Poluklesani kamen 2. Klesani kamen 3. Specijalno klesani (oblikovani) kamen
  • 14. VRSTE MJEŠOVITIH ZIDOVA 1. Horizontalno mješoviti zid od lomljenog kamena i opeke 2. Vertikalno mješoviti zid od lomljenog kamena i opeke ili betona 3. Mješoviti zidovi od lomljenog kamena i opeke (obloga od opeke)
  • 15. PITANJA ZA PONAVLJANJE 1. Nabroji vrste kamena prema postanku! 2. Kolika treba biti najmanja debljina zida od lomljenog kamena? 3. Objasni razliku između uzdužnjaka i vežnjaka 4. Kakvi su to mješoviti zidovi?