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Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2: Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes
- 2. Tar Creek among ‘Legacies’ Community Integrative Design Problem on truly grand scale • > 500,000 abandoned mines in US • None exceeds devastation of NE Oklahoma ‘Tar Creek’ Superfund area – “Superfund No. 1” • Recipient of > a century of lead‐zinc mining impacts: toxic wastes, acid/metals water, collapse‐prone ground
- 3. Legacies almost Countless • Clear‐cut forests, Appalachia and the West • Wetlands drained almost completely • Toxic compounds found in every living organism • ‘Mountain‐top’ coal mining in Appalachia • Climate Change
- 8. Great Diversity of Peoples in a Fertile, Dangerous Land • Lush native prairie grasslands on rolling hills • Dense oak and riparian forests • Close relationship with rivers, wildlife and shell art appearing in archeological and historical record • Abundant living for Indigenous Peoples before European Settlement
- 14. Approximate Tribal Boundaries – Tar Creek Region Kansas Oklahoma MIAMI Quapaw lands were most ‘mineralized,’ most heavily mined, and are site of much of mining’s direct legacy. Watershed effects have spread beyond, onto other Tribes’ lands. QUAPA W Missouri PEORIA EAST. MODOC OTTAWA SHAWNEE CHEROKEE WYANDOTTE SENECA‐ CAYUGA
- 15. Mining’s Progress • Missouri – Lead‐Zinc mining from 1740s, began ca. 1850 in ‘Oronogo‐Duenweg’ area east of Joplin, in Jasper County • Kansas – Pb‐Zn mining 1870s onward to ca. 1970 in Cherokee County • Oklahoma – 1890s ~ 1978, Pb‐Zn mining/smelting concentrated on Quapaw Tribal lands, Ottawa County • ‘Strategic Metals’ area, munitions for American wars depended on Tri‐State lead and zinc.
- 18. Tar Creek: Extreme Barriers to Regenerating Communities and Lands • 130 years of neglect Environmental and Socio‐ Economic Sacrifice Zone • Many Divisions: Ten First Nations Tribes, Two EPA Regions, Three States, many Counties and Municipalities • Pollution extensive and severe. • Geographical context: Dead zone in what should be biologically, agriculturally and economically productive area • No “deep pockets” ‐‐‐ Companies have vacated responsibilities or ceased to exist. • Superfund has been feeble or abdicated. • Environmental justice has not been served, by any measure.
- 19. Picher, OK
- 21. Can we leave it like this? • David Orr: Environmental problems come from miscalibration of intentions. • But can’t “intentions” become calibrated to regenerative redevelopment, safe housing, vibrant towns, and ecological restoration? • Can’t intentions be initiated, ramped up and maintained into a sustainable future for places like Tar Creek?
- 23. How Did Tar Creek Become Such a Mess? History Informs Action • Legacies: – Poisoned Water: Ground water filled mines, became acidic & metals‐laden, Emerged to surface waters in Tri‐State’s topo low area, NE Oklahoma, beginning ~ 1979. Tar Creek, Neosho River watershed, Grand Lake of the Cherokees contaminated – Mine Waste: Millions of tons of ‘chat’ (pulverized ore remnants, some with lead content up to 15%, high zinc & cadmium) remains on surface – Unstable Ground: Surface subsidence and cave‐ins common over shallow underground mines
- 29. Productivity of Land Devastated • Once Productive, Tar Creek area now cannot be cultivated • Unsafe for Gardening • Agriculture has not been possible for Decades • Pervasive Airborne Smelting/Refining Pollution and Lead‐Rich Dust • Forests Cut for Mine Timbers (well into Ozarks to east and southeast)
- 30. We propose the following Regenerative Approach to Tar Creek: ! Understanding ‘Place,’ Culturally, Ecologically, Economically ! Envisioning an integrative process of holistic, creative stimuli to regenerative ‘eco‐economic’ activity ! Applying community/place‐centered, industrial ecology methodologies ‐‐‐ encouraging what can be strong in order to remedy what is deficient and weak. ! Recognizing that it is a design problem, a public financial problem, a political problem, an intercultural problem ‐‐‐ but not just the technological problem as it has been made out to be
- 31. Regenerative Redevelopment Vocabulary • ‘Sustainability’ – Ability to Sustain: by Design • Restoration – Seek Endpoint resembling predecessor condition • Regeneration – Seek Dynamic, Sustainable Condition • Redevelopment – Focus on Sustainable Human Economies as Most Effective Path toward Sustainable Ecology of ‘Place’ envisioned by residents of the Place • Regenerative Redevelopment
- 33. Next Steps: • Assess Economy and Present Interrelationships, Politics • Recognize Barriers and Damaged Attributes • Identify Strengths, Latent Resources • Apply ‘INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY’ Principles
- 34. Industrial Ecology ‐ Sustainable Economies Mimic Ecosystems Principles of Ecology: • “Energy (from Sun) is the currency of the economy of Nature. Energy relationships dictate community structure.” F. Montague, “Environment Notebook” and text “Wa‐Maka‐Skan”, U. of Utah • Matter cannot be created or destroyed. • Nutrients cycle: used by organisms and returned to environment. • Trophic structure is established as energy and nutrients flow through community hierarchies of organisms.
- 36. Community‐Focused Industrial Ecology • Sustainable Jobs for Productive Regeneration & Ecological Restoration • Can’t Wait for EPA, State or Others for Ecological Restoration • Only Reasonably Healthy, Content People ‘Sustain’ their Environments. • Sustainable Jobs Engender Stewardship. • Industrial Ecology’s Primary Tool: Eco‐ Industrial Park
- 37. EIP: Eco‐Industrial Park • Old Practice, New Realization • Communities of Businesses Cooperating for Environmental, Economic, and Technological Performance Advantage • EIP Demands Interdisciplinary, Inter‐ Organizational Cooperation, Planning, O&M and Finance • ‘Primary Producers’ Recruit ‘Niche’ Businesses • Joint Marketing for Long‐Term Commitment
- 38. EIP Metabolism and Purpose • Energy Flows Understood and Managed for Efficiency, Renewable Productivity • Material Flows Constantly Analyzed for Resource Opportunities, Material Recovery • ‘Niche’ Users Recruited, With New Regional Resource Utilizers • EIP Strategic Planning Can Integrate Restoration, Regeneration, Socio‐Economic and Community Goals and Objectives
- 39. Energy at the EIP Core RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY • Solar Energy in All Forms • Wind, Geothermal, other Renewables • Biomass Conversion, Biofuels, MSW‐to‐Energy • Strengthen Agriculture by Crops & Ag Waste Conversion • Energy Efficiency within EIP • Energy Efficiency for Community and Region • Energy Efficiency in All Design Projects
- 40. Integration: Energy, Materials, Ecosystems Recovery thru Economy • ‘Integrated Biorefinery’ – EIP Complex of Industries, R&D and Complementary Businesses • Focus is on Full Range of Uses of Woody, Crop and Organic Wastes • Conversions Include Cellulose & Lignin‐to‐ Energy, Cellulose/Hemicellulose‐to‐Value‐ Added Chemicals, Fibrous Materials to Value‐ Added Architectural Products
- 41. EIP: Interdisciplinary‐Integrative: Every Applicable Sustainability Discipline Required • Environmental Engineering • Ecological Engineering • Geochemistry & Biogeochemistry • Agricultural Engineering • Agribusiness • Sustainable Forestry & Wood Sciences • Materials Sciences • Energy Sciences & Engineering • Landscape Planning & Design • Urban Planning • Land Development & Finance • Economic Design & Geographic Analysis • Industrial Planning, Design & Engineering • Industrial Finance • Sustainable Architectural Planning & Design • Sustainable Construction
- 42. Green Design is Extended to Whatever It Takes to ‘Get It Done’ • Green Design and Building is a Subset of Sustainability ‐‐‐ a Core, Essential Subset! • Community and Its ‘Place’ in Regional/Historical Context Must be at Center • We Must Find Ways to Design an Economy Appropriate for Each Community in Need of Regenerative Redevelopment and Ecological Restoration
- 43. High‐Performance Industries and Communities • HP – Axiomatic for EIP Facilities and Surrounding Community • ‘Greensburg Principle’: Strive for best possible performance in restoring distressed, damaged communities. • Housing development, Architectural restoration & Energy Efficiency Retrofits = Basic Industries of Sustainable Economy • Center HP Industries in EIP
- 44. VISION: Tar Creek Integrative EIP Process Toward Regenerative Strategies EIP Visioning & Regenerative Redevelopment Environmental Remediation & Restoration Integrative Biorefinery Plan & Recruitment Sustainable Land/Industries Development, Town Restoration, Housing Improvement • Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy • Financial Investment for Regenerative Redevelopment • • • • •
- 45. ‘PROCESS’ Essential to Integrative Design • Process Envisioned and Managed by Residents and Stakeholders • Possibly Extend ‘Eco‐Charrette’‐Type Facilitated Intensive Process • All Communities, Tribes, Governments, Institutions, Corporations • PATIENCE Essential: Determined, not Resigned Patience, to Establish Baseline Expectations at Outset, then Progress Toward Long‐Term Productivity Regeneration
- 46. EIP Strategies • One EIP? More than one? • Inventory and Assess Assets and Opportunities – ID Existing Industries & Employers in Region’ – Inventory Regional Resources – Envision Sustainable Employment from Resources – Inventory Unique Locational and Cultural Attributes & Opportunities – ID Possible ‘Niche’ Enterprises – ID Financial Support Mechanisms • Formulate Recruitment Plan
- 47. Envision Primary and ‘Symbiotic’ Economic Activities • Primary Industries (possible): Biorefinery – Biomass Energy – Organic Waste, Municipal Waste, Ag Waste, Dedicated Crop Byproducts – Biofuels, Value‐Added Cellulosic Chemicals – Ag Fiber for Value‐Added Architectural Products (‘Agriboard’ type panels, etc.) – Soil Restoration Nutrients, Compost Amendments for Land Productivity Restoration
- 48. Envision Primary and ‘Symbiotic’ Economic Activities ‐ 2 • Primary Industries (possible): Re‐Mining Metals and Best Utilization of Mine Wastes • Primary Industries (possible): Solar, Wind, other Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency • Housing – Efficient/Affordable • Attractive Places Creation (Reverse the Cancer)
- 49. Environmental Remediation & Restoration • Restoration of Land and Waters to Healthful Productivity: Core Activity • Creation of Safe, Efficient and Attractive Community Infrastructure: Core Activity • Strategic Regional and Localized Water Clean‐Up and AMD Prevention • Sequester Chat: Back into Mines, Use as Building Aggregate, or Cap Safely • Confirm Surface Safety: Long‐Term Strategy for Earth Support, Controlled Collapse, other Assurance of Firm Ground
- 51. Integrative Biorefinery Plan & Recruitment • Conceptualize Integration of Biorefinery Activities over Development Schedule • Match Activities to Market Development • Secure Local/Regional Resources for StartUp • Initiate R&D for Critical Future Technologies • Recruit Primary Participants
- 52. Sustainable Land/Industries & Community Development Draft Iterative Landscape‐Scale Master Plan Assure that Other Strategies are Based on Plan ID Key Areas to Return to ‘GreenField’ Status First Coordinate with Land Development Investment Planning • Watershed Planning Must Take Precedence • Sustainable Agriculture Must Take Precedence • Cluster EIP, Business and Town Developments to Minimize Footprint, for Optimum Bio‐ Productivity • • • •
- 53. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Development • Community Energy Efficiency Investment: ESCos, Government Programs, Incentive‐Based Programs to Improve EE in Buildings • LEED Everywhere @ ‘Greensburg Principle’ Levels • Renewable Energy Integration • Solar‐Thermal & PV on Buildings • District Heat • Secondary Water Systems: Avoid ‘Engineering’ Water Needlessly (save energy!)
- 54. Financial Investment for Regenerative Redevelopment • Establish Regional Regenerative Investment Funds • Designate Area as Target for Investors • Mining Companies Should be Key Participants (without assurances) • US Government MUST INVEST HEAVILY (Remember Century of Wars) • Focus On Clean, Sustainable Jobs • Always Mindful of Restoring and Regenerating Environment
- 55. Financial Investment for Regenerative Redevelopment ‐ 2 • Cleaned Land Lender Verification and Liability Relief ESSENTIAL • Regional Redevelopment Fund/Authority • Business Incubator(s) and Recruitment Center • R&D and Grants‐Seeking Management Center • By‐Products Exchange and EIP Infrastructure Management for EIP Optimization • Environmental Assurance for Business Discipline: Zero‐Discharge/Zero‐Emissions Performance • ISO‐14000 Certification for EIP
- 56. Conclusions: Extending Understandings of ‘Sustainable Design’ • Must Extend Capacities to Manage Integratively the Many Disciplines Needed by ‘Tar Creek,’ Neighboring Sites, and Other Similar Areas. • Must Extend Our Sensibilities Toward Assisting Damaged, Disadvantaged Communities and Landscapes. • Not About Us: Must Direct Attention and ‘Intention’ Toward Picher and All the Other Towns, First Nations, Communities and Regions , to Help Them to Help Themselves through Community Regenerative Design. • ‘Community‐Centered EIP’ Concept can Help Restore Pride of Place, a Regional Guiding Intelligence (across borders), and a Unified Conscience about the Land.
- 58. Ivan Weber, Principal/Owner LEED-AP / USGBC 953 1st Avenue Salt Lake City, Utah 84103 801-355-6863 / 801651-8841 cellular ivan@webersustain.co m www.webersustain.com The Green Man