Recombination DNA Technology (Nucleic Acid Hybridization )
Rotary drilling rig (onshore)
1. Rotary Drilling Rig (onshore)
Prepared By:
Ishanee Sharma (15/252)
Nilim Kumar Sarma (15/256)
Department of Chemical Engineering
Assam Engineering College, Jalukbari
2. Introduction
• Rotary drilling is the most efficient technology
applied in the oil and gas industry.
• Rotary drilling relies on continuous circular rotation
of the sharp bit to break rocks and dig down through
Earth’s crust.
• The spinning of the drill bits allows for penetration of
even the hardest rock.
4. Components of a Rotary drilling Rig
• Rotary drilling is composed of different systems:
1. Prime Movers
2. Hoisting System
3. Rotating System
4. Circulating System
5. Prime Movers
• Provides power to the entire rig.
• Generally powered by diesel engines or power lines.
• The energy from these prime movers is used to power rotary
equipment, the hoisting equipment, and the circulating
equipment.
6. Hoisting System
• The hoisting equipment consists of the
tools used to raise or lower whatever
other equipment may go in or come out
of the well.
• Hoisting system is made up of:
1. Derrick or Mast
2. Blocks, Drill line and Hook
3. Draw Works
7. Derrick or Mast
• Derrick is a structure with four supporting legs resting on a
square substructure.
• Mast is much more slender and may be thought of as sitting
on one side of the rig floor or work space.
Travelling Block, Crown Block, Drill Line and Hook
• Block is used to connect the supporting derrick with the load
of drill pipe to be lowered to or withdrawn from the borehole.
• The drill line passes from the draw works to the top of the
derrick.
• Hook which is suspended from the travelling block, which
when drilling carries a swivel and kelly and when tipping it lifts
the drill string.
8. Draw Works
• The draw works is a mechanism commonly known as hoist.
• The main purpose is to lift the drill-string out of and to lower
it back into the blowhole.
9. Rotating Equipment
• The rotating equipment consists of components that actually
serve to rotate the drill bit.
• Rotating equipment consists of :-
1. Swivel :- Carries the entire weight of the drill string but
allows it to rotate freely.
2. Kelly:- Provides a passage way for the drilling fluid.
3. Drill String:- Made up of drill pipe and drill collars and
specialised subs through which drilling fluid and rotational
power are transmitted from the surface to the bit.
4. Drill Bit:- Responsible for actually making contact to the
subsurface layers and drilling through them.
10.
11. Circulating System
• The circulation system consists of : Mud pump, flow-lines, drill
pipe, nozzles, mud tanks, mud mixing equipment ( mud
mixing hopper) and contaminant removal equipment ( shale
shaker, de-sander, de-silter, de-gasser).
• The circulating fluid used is mud, may contain clay, chemicals,
weighting materials, water and oil.
• The main objectives of this system are:
1. Cooling and lubricating the drill bit.
2. Controlling the well pressure(sub-surface pressure).
3. Removing debris and cuttings.
4. Coating the walls of the well with the mud cake.
12.
13. Advantages
• Latest technology of drilling.
• Can penetrate even the hardest of rocks.
• Can drill upto very high depth and width
which is not possible in cable tool drilling.
14. Disadvantages
• High operating and initial cost.
• High fuel and maintenance cost.
• Higher water requirement.
• High rig-up time and expense.
