2. Project Planning & Control
Part I - Scheduling Basics
What is a Project Plan?
A Project Plan is a group of tasks performed within a defined time schedule to meet a
specific set of objectives
How to Create a Plan
Establish Project Objectives and Scope Of Work
Delineate Organization and Team
Define the Work
Determine the Timing
Establish Resource Requirements and Availability
Establish Man-Hour/Cost Budget
Evaluate, Optimize, and Freeze Baseline Plan
Distribute Information
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3. Project Planning & Control
How to Control a Project
Track Work Progress and Costs
Compare Schedule and Cost Data to Baseline
Use baseline to guide your decisions
Update/modify the current project with realistic data
Analyze and Evaluate Performance
Recommend Action and Reforecast
Communicate
Building a Schedule
Identify the Project Scope and Deliverables
Identify Key Milestone Dates (Contract Milestones)
Identify Resource Availability and Constraints
Create a High-Level (Level 1) Master Schedule
Create Detail Level (Level 3) Schedule
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4. Project Planning & Control
Components of a Schedule
Timescale - consistent units of time measurement (e.g., hours, days, work periods, etc.)
Activities -
Most Detailed Item Of Work
Composed Of One Kind Of Action
Measurable And Contiguous Duration
Single Line Of Responsibility
Set Of Resources And Costs Assigned
Building a Master Schedule
Analyze Project Scope
Layout High Level Components
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5. Project Planning & Control
Project Scope
To Design, Procure, and Construct a Refinery Upgrade
High Level Components
Design / Engineer Refinery Upgrade
Procure Equipment for Refinery Upgrade
Construct Refinery Upgrade
Refinery Upgrade “In Operation”
Critical Path Method (CPM)
A logical analysis of a schedule’s activities, calculating the effects of durations and
relationships, to determine the longest path to complete the project.
Initially, calculations were done manually, and then overnight through mainframe computers.
Now, desktop PC’s perform the calculations.
Various products: Open Plan, MS Project, P3, P6, Aurora, PRISM, Timeline, Harvard Project
Management, Artemis, Deltek Cobra Etc.
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6. Project Planning & Control
CPM Key Terms
Predecessor - an activity preceding another
Successor - an activity that follows another
Relationships -
FS=Finish to Start: One activity must finish before the next activity can start
SS=Start to Start: One activity must start before the next activity can start
FF=Finish to Finish: The predecessor activity must be completed (finish) for specified period of time before
successor activity can finish
Integrated Complexity:
CPM Calculation variables now include:
Relationships: FS = Finish to Start, SS = Start to Start, FF = Finish to Finish, Lags
Float: Total, Free, Finish, Start, Most Critical
Constraints: Start No Earlier, Finish No Earlier, Start No Later, Finish No Later, Expected, Mandatory, Float
Activity Types: Task, Start Milestone, Finish Milestone, Hammock, Finish Flag, Start Flag, WBS, Meeting
Calendars: Non-Work Periods, Holidays
Schedule Calculation: Interruptible, Contiguous, Loops, Open Ends, Progress Override, Retained Logic
Resources: Driving, Leveling, Unit Rates
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7. Project Planning & Control
Planning / Scheduling
“The plan is nothing… planning is everything.” - Dwight Eisenhower
Engineers claim to not know how to plan, but will criticize your plan to shreds. Take the opportunity to
find out why they dislike your plan, thereby providing you with a valid plan.
Progress Reporting
Plan
Status to Date
Earned Value
Forecast to Complete
Forecast at Completion
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8. Project Planning & Control
Forecasting
Use Best Available Project Data
Evaluate Against Project Plan
Compare to Historical Points of Reference
Forecast Ultimate Outcome
Document Variance with a Deviation
Incorporate into Cost Reporting
Cost Reporting
Typical Components of Cost Report:
WBS Work Breakdown Structure
Original Budget
Current Budget
(Original plus Client Approved Change Orders)
Commitments and Expenditures
Physical Progress
Performance Factors on Labor
Indicated Total Cost Forecast
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9. Project Planning & Control
Change Management -Keys to Success
Total Project Participation
Early Identification
Quick Assessment/Disposition
ROM Estimate
Engineer/Procure/Construct
Schedule Impact
Approval/Cancel
Cost Savings or Impact
Finalize Estimate/Final Approval
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