SCOTLAND_2 (1).pptx

NATION PROFILE
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NATION PROFILE
Scotland Population
According to ONS, Scotland
population in 2022 is estimated to be
5.51 million, covers area of 77,933
sq.km. (30,090 sq mi)

SURFACE
Located in Northern Europe, Scotland
comprises the northern third of the island
of Great Britain as well as 790
surrounding islands encompassing the
major archipelagos of the Shetland
Islands, Orkney Islands and the Inner and
Outer Hebrides.
The land area of Scotland is 30,090
square miles (77,900 km2), 32% of the
area of the United Kingdom (UK).
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SURFACE

Currency Of Scotland
The pound sterling is the currency of the United Kingdom
as well as the Crown Dependencies and some British
Overseas Territories.
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Currency Of Scotland

“
FLAG OF SCOTLAND
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FLAG OF SCOTLAND
The flag of Scotland, also known as St Andrew's Cross or
the Saltire) is the national flag of Scotland, which consists
of a white saltire defacing a blue field.
The Flag of Scotland
originated in 832 AD, during a
battle fought in the dark ages.
It is known as Europe's oldest
flag.

GEOGRAPHY OF SCOTLAND
GEOGRAPHY OF SCOTLAND
Scotland forms the northern half of
Great Britain.
An austere land, subject to extreme
weathers, difficult home for many
generations of people who still love it
for its beauty and culture.
Its coastline runs for over 11,000km,
featuring white sand beaches and
deep sea lochs that reach far inland
The Scottish islands are prolific, varied
and are home to many different
species of flora and fauna.
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Edinburgh
The capital city of Scotland, located
in the south-eastern part of the
country.
Its quality derives from its setting
crags and hills, tall buildings and
spires of dark stone. Military
stronghold, centre of intellectual
activity and now, the seat of the
Scottish Parliament and the
Scottish Executive.
The city occupies about 11km,
where it merges with the once-
independent seaport of Leith.
Edinburgh
The aesthetic of the city comprises the
Old town, built in the Middle Ages in the
Castle Rock, and the New town, which
spreads out in the sorrounding plain.
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Main cities
Main cities
Glasgow
Scotland’s biggest city
with up to 600,000
people. It’s a city where
fashion boutique, bars,
restaurants and parks
full of live music plays.
Dundee
With a population of 150,000,
it’s the fourth largest city in
Scotland. There are great
events in Dundee year-
round, such as the Jazz
Festival and Scotland’s
biggest food festival. In 2015
it became the UK’s first
UNESCO City of Design.
Aberdeen
Normally called “UK’s sunniest
city”, Aberdeen has the highest
business inception rate in the
UK after London and is home to
many energy companies. Its
coastline provides beautiful
beaches for a relaxing getaway
and a chance to surf and sail. It
has a population of 195,000.
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The Highlands
The Highlands
The largest region in Scotland, covering 10,000 miles of the northern region of
Scotland. Full of rocky summits and the valleys are steep-sided glens with long and
narrow lochs at the bottom.
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To the south of the Highlands, there are the
Grampian Mountains and its highest peak
goes up to 1.343 meters

Southern Uplands
Southern Uplands
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Central Lowlands
Central Lowlands
They run from the
southeast to the
northeast.
Fertile soil and four
coalfield underlie the
area.
90% of the Scotland’s
lives in the lowlands
and the country’s chief
farming district is
located here.
Here, the hills are less than
600m high. The tops are
often capped with dark
peat and its slopes are
covered with grass and
heather.
England and Scotland’s
border meet here.

Main Rivers
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Rivers are a vital part of Scotland’s
landscape and determine
communication between different
parts of the country.
• The River Tay: The longest river
in Scotland has a length of
193km.
• The River Clyde: 176km.
• The River Tweed : 156km.
• The River Dee: 140km.

Scottish Mountains
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Scotland is famed for its rugged wilderness. Some of the
country’s main mountains are:
Ben Nevis. The highest peak in the
UK, has a height of 1,343m.
The second Highest mountain in Scotland and
Britain is Ben Macdui, with 1,309m of height.

The lochs.
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Scotland is home to over 30,000 lochs that spread all over the country. The
most famous one being the Loch Ness, which covers 56 square km and has
a depth of 227m.
• Loch Lomond (71km2 area, 190m
depth).
• Loch Morar (26.7km2 area, 310m
depth).
• Loch Tay (26.4km2 area, 150m
depth).
• Loch Awe (39km2 area, 95m depth).

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF SCOTLAND
Is a place to find antique artefacts and
precious objects. it is the UK's most
popular landmark outside of London
and offers an excellent program of
temporary exhibitions throughout the
year.
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EDINBURGH CASTLE
The stone towers and walls of Edinburgh
Castle have dominated the Edinburgh
skyline since the 13th century.
Highlights of Edinburgh Castle are the
spectacular Crown Jewels, the famous
Stone of Destiny (the Stone of Scone),
and St. Margaret's Chapel, built in 1130
and the oldest building in
Edinburgh. Bronze statues of legendary
heroes William Wallace and Robert
the Bruce seem to keep watch over
the castle gates.
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KELVINGROVE ART GALLERY AND MUSEUM, GLASGOW
Situated next to a classic
Victorian park on the banks of the
River Kelvin in Glasgow's West
End, it houses an impressive 8,000
exhibits in 22 beautiful galleries.
Along with other notable
treasures-a Van Gogh portrait,
Bronze Age tools and jewelry from
Arran and Kintyre, a 1944 Mark 21
Spitfire, and a magnificent 1901
organ used for daily free concerts-
one of the museum's most popular
exhibits is Salvador Dali's Christ of
St. John of the Cross. 16

THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN EDINBURGH
It was founded in 1670 and is
considered one of the best in
the world, offering nearly 30
hectares of peace and
tranquillity a short distance from
the bustling city centre.
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NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM
The large collection boasts many
artefacts used by the Scottish forces
over the centuries. Paintings on
display include Robert Gibb’s famous
The Thin Red Line. There is also a
research library.
National Museums Scotland now runs
the museum, which opened in 1933.
Its home is a former storehouse for
ordnance that was built in the 1700s
and later used as a military hospital.
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Historical Figures
MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS.
In 1543 she was crowned Queen of Scotland
Probably more famous for plotting against
Elizabeth the first Throw her off the English
throne. On 8 February 1587, Mary Queen of
Scots was sentenced to death. She was only 44
years old. Mary was beheaded in England
because she was found guilty of plotting to
overthrow Queen Elizabeth I.
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Historical Figures
ALEXANDER FLEMING.
Scottish physician and microbiologist best
known for discovering effective antibiotic
named penicillin. but this discovery she said the
Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1945.
he was knighted for his scientific achievements
in 1944.
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Historical Figures
DAVID HUME.
Scottish enlightenment philosopher and
historian, who is best known today for his
highly influential system all philosophical
empiricism skepticism and naturalism. he
argued against the existence of innate ideas
pulsating that all human knowledge derived
solely from experience placing his thoughts with
British empiricist Thomas Hobbes and John
Locke.
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Historical Figures
SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE
Scottish writer and physician. He created the
character Sherlock Holmes in 1887 for a study
in Scarlet the first of four novels and fifty-six
short stories about Holmes and Dr Watson. The
Sherlock Holmes stories are milestones in the
field of crime fiction.
22

Historical Figures
JAMES MATTHEW BARRIE
Greater and playwright best remembered as
the creator of Peter Pan. He continued to write
successfully but Peter Pan overshadowed his
other work and Before his death he gave the
rights to the Peter Pan rights to Great Ormond
Street hospital for children in London which
continues to benefit from them.
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DRINKS AND FOOD
Drinks: Whisky (the
emblematic brand is the Red
Grouse), Beer, Drambuie (is a
whisky liqueur. A blend of
aged Scotch whisky, spices,
herbs & heather honey),
Whipkull (this traditional
Scottish drink that is made
from egg yolks, sugar, rum
and cream). Most of the
drinks has as their base rum
and whisky, mixed with
another things. 24

HAGGIS NEEPS ‘N’ TATTIES
Scotland's national dish. It is made from
lungs, livers and heart (usually sheep) and
onion, oats and spices are added. This dish is
usually accompanied by turnips (neeps) and
potatoes (tatties) and dressed with a whiskey
cream sauce.
25

SCOTTISH SALMON
The country has some of the highest
quality salmon in the world. This prized
salmon is cooked in a variety of ways and
forms part of a variety of dishes, all of
which are very popular in most Scottish
restaurants.
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SCOTCH PIE
Served hot or cold, this Scottish pie
filled with minced meat is one of the
most appreciated typical dishes in the
country
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POTATO SCONE
Known locally as a tattie scone, this
potato scone made with mashed potatoes,
butter and salt is a Scottish classic. It is
usually toasted or fried and served with
butter as part of the Scottish breakfast.
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CRANACHAN
This traditional Scottish dessert was
initially created to celebrate the start of
the Scottish raspberry harvest in June.
It is simple to prepare and combines
many typical Scottish ingredients, such
as whiskey, honey, oatmeal and
raspberries.
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Sports (Modern)
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CURLING
Evidence that curling existed in Scotland
in the early 16th century includes a
curling stone inscribed with the date
1511 found (along with another bearing
the date 1551) when an old pond was
drained at Dunblane, Scotland. Kilsyth
Curling Club claims to be the first club in
the world, having been formally
constituted in 1716; it is still in existence
today. Today, the sport is most firmly
established in Canada, having been
taken there by Scottish emigrants.

Sports (Modern)
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SHINTY
A physical game where players must
score using a ball and stick. In men
shinty, there are 12 players on each team
- including one goalkeeper. Shinty
probably originated in chaotic mass
games between Scottish Highland clans
at least as early as the 17th century, and
it is still played in Scotland considered
the “national game.” 'Ice Hockey began
life when the Scottish immigrant
population of Nova Scotia adopted the
game of shinty to be played on ice.

Sports (Modern)
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GOLF
First recorded in the Scottish late Middle
Ages, and the modern game of golf was
first developed and established in the
country. The game plays a key role in the
national sporting consciousness. The
first golf courses and clubs were
established in the country. The first
written rules originated in Scotland, as
did the establishment of the 18-hole
course.

Sports (Modern)
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RUGBY
The sport was first developed in the
1820s at Rugby School in England. In
1895 a dispute over professionalism
between the Rugby Football Union and
several clubs in northern England led to
the creation of rugby league (always a
professional sport). Rugby union
became fully professional in 1995. Both
rugby union and rugby league have an
international play and world cup
tournaments. Rugby is also popular in
South Africa, Australia, and New
Zealand.

Sports (Modern)
34
FOOTBALL
Scotland was one of the earliest modern
footballing nations. The game started to
become popular in the country following
the development in London in 1863 of
the first-ever rules of Association
Football. Scottish football clubs started
to be formed towards the end of the
1860s and 1870s.

Sports (Traditional)
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HIGHLAND GAMES
Highland games are events held in
spring and summer in Scotland and
other countries with a large Scottish
diaspora, as a way of celebrating
Scottish and Celtic culture,
especially that of the Scottish
Highlands.

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HIGHLAND GAMES
The Cowal Highland Gathering,
better known as the Cowal
Games, is held in Dunoon,
Scotland, every August. It is the
largest Highland games in the
world, attracting around 3,500
competitors and somewhere in
the region of 23,000 spectators
from around the globe.

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CABER TOSS STONE PUT

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SHEAF TOSS TUG O’WAR

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WEIGH THROW SCOTTISH
HAMMER THROW

Stereotypes
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EVERYONE HAS RED HAIR ALL MEN WEAR KILTS

Stereotypes
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SIMILAR CLIMATE TO THE
ARTIC CIRCLE
PEOPLE SPEAK GAELIC

TRADITIONAL FESTIVITIES AND NATIONAL HOLIDAYS
Hogmanay: Hogmanay is what the Scots call New Year's Eve –
December 31 – the big night that marks the arrival of the New Year. It has
its origin in the celebration of the winter solstice among the Vikings, who
celebrated wildly at the end of December. To this day, Hogmanay is still a
more important festival in Scotland than Christmas. In Stonehaven, around
45 local folk walk up the High Street at the first stroke of midnight from the
Old Town Clock, swinging massive balls of flame around their heads. The
fireballs are extinguished in spectacular fashion as they are hurled into the
harbour, and then the New Year is celebrated with fireworks and a party.
This is known as the Fireballs Ceremony. Scots celebrate with the
enchanting torchlight procession, Edinburgh's famous Hogmanay street
party, and a spectacular fireworks display and concert in Princes Street
Gardens. 42

FIRST FOOTING - 1ST JANUARY
Visiting friends and relatives
immediately after New Year's Eve,
in the early hours of the morning of
January 1st. First footing after the
bells have rung in the New Year is
still common - the "first foot" in the
house after midnight should be
male, dark, and handsome and
should carry symbolic coal,
shortbread, salt, black bun (a
spiced cake) and, of course,
whisky.
44

BURNING OF THE CLAVIE - 11TH JANUARY
In Burghead, Morayshire, a tar
barrel filled with tar-soaked
wood shavings is carried
around the harbour and then to
the Doorie Hill where the Celtic
Druids used to light their fires.
45

UP-HELLY-AA - LAST TUESDAY OF JANUARY
Held in Lerwick, Shetland Islands,
a full-sized Viking Galley, complete
with shields and oars is pulled by a
torch-bearing procession dressed
as Viking warriors to the beach.
Guizer Jarl calls for three cheers
for the builders of the longship and
after a bugle call, the galley is set
alight by 800 blazing torches.
46

BURNS NIGHT – 25TH JANUARY
The anniversary of the birth of
the poet Robert Burns, in 1759
at which many a "Burns
Supper" is consumed and the
"Immortal Memory", a speech
in praise of the Bard, will be
given.
47

EMPIRE DAY/VICTORIA DAY - 24TH MAY
Flags were flown from public
buildings and schools
decorated classrooms with flags
of the British Empire. The name
was changed to Commonwealth
Day. The nearest Monday to
24th May was a local trades
holiday in many parts of
Scotland to celebrate Queen
Victoria's birthday and the
tradition has continued long
after Queen Victoria's reign.
48

BRAEMAR GATHERING - FIRST SATURDAY IN SEPTEMBER
The origin of this major Highland Games is said to go back to the 11th
century when King Malcolm III "Canmore" gave a prize to the winner of a
race to the top of Craig Choinnich. Queen Victoria ensured the success of
the games into modern times by attending them in 1848 and the Royal
family has been associated with them ever since. The Braemar Gathering is
perhaps the most famous event on the Highland Games circuit. The
Meeting takes place every year on the first Saturday of September and
attracts crowds from all corners of the world. In addition, there are also a
couple of guests who attend the Gathering, the most notable of them being
members of the royal family. Your Majesty the Queen is the patron saint of
the Braemar Games and every year she comes to the small village of
Braemar to cheer on the participants as they show off their skills. An echo
of trumpets marks the beginning of the games.
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TYPICAL CLOTHING AND DANCES
Female traditional dress of Scotland
consists of a tartan skirt, a tartan sash
or shawl, and ghillies. Skirts can be of
different length, historically they are
ankle-length, but nowadays women
wear knee-long or even very short
tartan mini-skirts. There are also long
tartan dresses.
Male traditional dress of Scotland
consists of a kilt, a sporran, a agian
dubh (a small, single-edged knife), a kilt
hose, and ghillies (traditional shoes).
51

SEMI-FORMAL
Semi-formal dress is more
official, but still, it can be used
as an everyday attire too. It
includes kilt, kilt shirt, argyle
jacket, sporran, belt and
buckle, kilt hose, ghillie
brogues, kilt pin and flashes.
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Haz clic para agregar texto

FULL FORMAL
The full formal garment is very official and is used for
receptions, formal meetings, festivals and other
events. It includes kilt, kilt shirt, prince Charlie jacket,
fancy sporran, belt and buckle, kilt hose, ghillie
brogues, flashes, and fly plaid. Great kilt attire is a
historical way to wear a kilt. The great kilt is a long
tartan piece of fabric that is worn not only as a skirt but
as a cloak too. Half of the fabric is pinned over the
shoulder and tucked into the belt. Usually, great kilt is
worn with kilt hose, sporran, flashes and era correct
shoes. Ancient kilt attire is a historical and traditional
dress. Such kilts are made for very cold weather. They
are worn with Jacobite shirt, leather vest, bracers, and
boots. But accessories vary. 53

LADIES' SCOTTISH ATTIRE
Women's highland dress is not as
peculiar as men's one. Usually, it
consists of kilted skirt and tartan sash
or shawl.
Another variation is a ladies great kilt
(called earasaid, aka erasaid or
arisaid) and blouse.
54

DANCES
Ceilidh. The ceilidh, pronounced "key-
li" in English, is the traditional Scottish
dance. Of Celtic origin, the ceilidh
began to be practiced in Scotland and
Ireland. The word comes to mean in
Gaelic something similar to "meeting"
or "social event". Depending on the
specific event, in Edinburgh there are
some with age restrictions and others
with a dress code. So, the university
ceilidh will not be the same as that of a
gala for Edinburgh's high society. There
will never be a lack of violins, flutes,
accordions and drums. 55

CAPE BRETON DANCE
This dance is mainly done
solo, and for performances
where it is combined with
traditional Scottish music.
Almost lost in Scotland, but
fortunately preserved in
Nova Scotia by Scottish
emigrants. Again, he
recovers again practicing it
again in Scotland. Similar to
the tap dance of Irish
dancing, in which the same
type of shoes is used.
56

SCOTTISH COUNTRY DANCING
It is similar to the Ceilidh but
more formal. It is danced in
sets of 3, 4 or 5 couples,
forming two lines of women
and men or in squares.
During the dance, the
dancers complete colorful
formations enough times to
return to their starting
positions. Violin, accordion,
flute and piano are the
instruments that accompany
the dance. 57

HIGHLAND DANCING
It is usually danced by young
people, being one of the most
colorful and joyful Scottish
dances. It is a competitive dance
form, which requires endurance
and strength. It was recognized
by the Sports Council as a sport
for the ability to interpret it. It is
usually danced alone. The best
setting to dance it is Scotland to
the sound of Scottish bagpipes.
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References.
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• https://www.embracescotland.co.uk/self-catering/scottish-
geography/
• https://www.scottishtours.co.uk/aboutscotland/geography-of-
scotland/
• http://www.scottishportal.com/general/the-major-rivers-of-
scotland/

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