SEO, or search engine optimization, is the process of improving a website to increase relevant traffic from organic search results. It involves editing content and code to be more relevant to keywords and remove barriers to search engines indexing the site. Key aspects of SEO include keywords, links, metadata, and frequent updates. Search engines use these factors to determine where to rank websites in their search results. The presentation provided an overview of how SEO works and tips for businesses on best practices like choosing an SEO provider committed to the long-term process.