When Arduino Meets Application Server: Love at Second Sight

© 2013 IBM Corporation
Arduinos,!
Application Servers,!
and me

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http://www.infoq.com/presentations
/arduino-app-server

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@holly_cummins

@holly_cummins
?

@holly_cummins
“Computers in the future may weigh
no more than 1.5 tons.”
!
Popular Mechanics,
1949
!

@holly_cummins
“I think there is a world market for
maybe five computers.”

Thomas Watson
chairman of IBM
1943

@holly_cummins
Then: HARDware

@holly_cummins
Now: Everyware

@holly_cummins
Next: Connected-ware

@holly_cummins
Why care about the Internet of Things?

@holly_cummins
It’s the future.

@holly_cummins
It’s the future.
“This could really benefit my
business.”

@holly_cummins
It’s the future.
“This could really benefit my
business.”
“This is so FUN and COOL and
OOH I made it LIGHT UP!”

@holly_cummins
Poll-time.

@holly_cummins
Hmm.
We’ll come back to this.

@holly_cummins
Working with IoT

@holly_cummins
Working with IoT: step 1

@holly_cummins
“No, I did NOT mean jot. I meant iot. Gah!”

@holly_cummins
Get some kit

@holly_cummins
Taxonomy of embedded devices

@holly_cummins
Microcontroller

@holly_cummins
Microcontroller
Sort-of-a-computer

@holly_cummins
Microcontroller
Sort-of-a-computer
Microprocessor

@holly_cummins
Microcontroller
Sort-of-a-computer
Microprocessor
Really-a-computer

@holly_cummins
The microcontroller zoo

@holly_cummins
PIC (£2)

@holly_cummins
PIC (£2)
Arduino (£23)

@holly_cummins
PIC (£2)
Arduino (£23)
Arduino-compatible (£9)

@holly_cummins
PIC (£2)
Arduino (£23)
NetDuino (£48)

@holly_cummins
PIC (£2)
Arduino (£23)
NetDuino (£48)
.NET micro platform

@holly_cummins
Arduino

@holly_cummins
Arduino
No on-board ethernet

@holly_cummins
Arduino
Thing, but no internet

@holly_cummins
Arduino
Can buy an ethernet shield (£10)

@holly_cummins
Arduino
Can buy wi-fi shield (£36, and no WPA2)

@holly_cummins
Arduino
Can buy a raspberry pi (£20)

@holly_cummins
Arduino
Can buy a raspberry pi (£20)
Can find a raspberry pi in a drawer
(free!)

@holly_cummins
The single board computer zoo

@holly_cummins
Rasberry pi (£25)

@holly_cummins
Rasberry pi (£25)
No wi-fi

@holly_cummins
Rasberry pi (£25)
No wi-fi
No flash storage

@holly_cummins
Rasberry pi (£25)
No wi-fi
No flash storage
No pins

@holly_cummins
Rasberry pi (£25)
No wi-fi
No flash storage
No pins
Netduino (£48)

@holly_cummins
Rasberry pi (£25)
No wi-fi
No flash storage
No pins
Netduino (£48)
.NET based

@holly_cummins
Rasberry pi (£25)
No wi-fi
No flash storage
No pins
Netduino (£48)
.NET based
pcDuino (£50)

@holly_cummins
Rasberry pi (£25)
No wi-fi
No flash storage
No pins
Netduino (£48)
.NET based
pcDuino (£50)
BeagleBone black (£42)

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community
Well-supported

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community
Well-supported
Slow

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community
Well-supported
Slow
Limited RAM

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community
Well-supported
Slow
Limited RAM
Old-model processor

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community
Well-supported
Slow
Limited RAM
Old-model processor
SD storage

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community
Well-supported
Slow
Limited RAM
Old-model processor
SD storage
Needs Arduino for IoT applications

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community
Well-supported
Slow
Limited RAM
Old-model processor
SD storage
USB is not my friend

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community
Well-supported
Slow
Limited RAM
Old-model processor
SD storage
Insufficient power for reliable wi-fi

@holly_cummins
Raspberry Pi
£25
Huge community
Well-supported
Slow
Limited RAM
Old-model processor
SD storage
Insufficient power for reliable wi-fi
Contention if used for wi-fi and Arduino

@holly_cummins
pcDuino

@holly_cummins
pcDuino
£50

@holly_cummins
pcDuino
£50
Powerful

@holly_cummins
pcDuino
£50
Powerful
1 GHz ARM A7Cortex Dual core

@holly_cummins
pcDuino
£50
Powerful
1 GB RAM

@holly_cummins
pcDuino
£50
Powerful
1 GB RAM
4 GB Flash Storage

@holly_cummins
pcDuino
£50
Powerful
1 GB RAM
4 GB Flash Storage
On-board wi-fi

@holly_cummins
pcDuino
£50
Powerful
1 GB RAM
4 GB Flash Storage
On-board wi-fi
Arduino-compatible pins (sort of)

@holly_cummins
pcDuino
£50
Powerful
1 GB RAM
4 GB Flash Storage
On-board wi-fi
Arduino-compatible pins (sort of)
Connectors for battery (sort of)

@holly_cummins
Going mobile

@holly_cummins
Going mobile
PcDuino
battery
interface

@holly_cummins
Going mobile
Popular
embeddable
battery
PcDuino
battery
interface

@holly_cummins
Going mobile
Popular
embeddable
battery
PcDuino
battery
interface
JST-PH

@holly_cummins
Going mobile
Popular
embeddable
battery
PcDuino
battery
interface
JST-PH
JST-SH

@holly_cummins
BeagleBone black
£42!
1 GHz processor!
Not arduino-compatible
out of the box

@holly_cummins
Arduino Yún

@holly_cummins
Arduino Yún
£57

@holly_cummins
Arduino Yún
£57
A microcontroller …

@holly_cummins
Arduino Yún
£57
sharing a chip with an Atheros
microprocessor

@holly_cummins
Arduino Yún
£57
microprocessor
… that runs Linux (limited)

@holly_cummins
Arduino Yún
£57
microprocessor
… that runs Linux (limited)
… and has WiFi and ethernet

@holly_cummins
Embedded devices are changing
Modern microcontrollers are
more powerful than
microprocessors from a few
years ago

@holly_cummins
Why is more powerful better?
You can do more!!
You can know less!

@holly_cummins
You can do more!!
You can know less!different things

@holly_cummins
Why is less powerful better

@holly_cummins
Smaller

@holly_cummins
Smaller
Lower power consumption

@holly_cummins
Smaller
Cheaper!

@holly_cummins
Smaller
Cheaper!
Can buy a PIC microcontroller for
£2

@holly_cummins
You can have an application
server!!
JPA!
Rest!
WebSockets!
CDI

@holly_cummins
Ubiquitous computing++

@holly_cummins
WebSphere Liberty Profile

@holly_cummins
A great fit for embeddables

@holly_cummins
Very very lightweight

@holly_cummins
50 MB download

@holly_cummins
50 MB download
60 MB footprint for biggish JEE app

@holly_cummins
50 MB download
Starts in under 5s

@holly_cummins
50 MB download
Starts in under 5s
Entirely modular and dynamic

@holly_cummins
50 MB download
Starts in under 5s
Powered by OSGi …

@holly_cummins
50 MB download
Starts in under 5s
Powered by OSGi …
(originally designed for embedded systems)

@holly_cummins
50 MB download
Starts in under 5s
Powered by OSGi …
(originally designed for embedded systems)
No restarts!

@holly_cummins
Free tools

@holly_cummins
Free tools
Free for development

@holly_cummins
Free tools
New licensing: free for small-scale
production

@holly_cummins
Free tools
production
Up 2 GB RAM free per organisation

@holly_cummins
Free tools
production
A great fit for embedables

@holly_cummins
Free tools
production
A great fit for embedables
Unlikely to use 2 GB RAM on a raspberry pi

@holly_cummins
Where have I seen this before?

@holly_cummins
Cloud-Embeddable convergence

@holly_cummins
Density

@holly_cummins
Small download
Density

@holly_cummins
Small download
Small memory
footprint
Density

@holly_cummins
Small download
Small memory
footprint
Density Elasticity

@holly_cummins
Enable and disable
function
Small download
Small memory
footprint
Density Elasticity

@holly_cummins
Enable and disable
function
For extra points, do it
dynamically
Small download
Small memory
footprint
Density Elasticity

@holly_cummins
Enable and disable
function
dynamically
Easy install
Small download
Small memory
footprint
Density Elasticity

@holly_cummins
Enable and disable
function
dynamically
Easy install
Easy uninstall
Small download
Small memory
footprint
Density Elasticity

@holly_cummins
Managing headless devices

@holly_cummins
Most single-board
computers accessible
with HDMI display and
USB keyboard.

@holly_cummins
Most single-board
USB keyboard.
Works fine…

@holly_cummins
Most single-board
USB keyboard.
Works fine…
If you have a display and
cable and keyboard

@holly_cummins
Most single-board
USB keyboard.
Works fine…
If you have a display and
cable and keyboard
If the display drivers
support the display

@holly_cummins
Workflow for “pi and seek”

@holly_cummins
Ethernet cable

@holly_cummins
Ethernet cable
DHCP

@holly_cummins
Ethernet cable
DHCP
Network sharing

@holly_cummins
Getting a connection

@holly_cummins
Finding the IP address
my-mac:~ holly$ ifconfig | grep -A3 bridge100
bridge100: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu
options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM>
ether 3e:07:54:e0:26:64
inet 192.168.2.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.2.255
!
my-mac:~ holly$ nmap -sn 192.168.2.0/24
!
Starting Nmap 6.47 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-02-28 16:26 GMT
Strange error from connect (65):No route to host
Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.3
Host is up (0.00056s latency).
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 4.16 seconds

@holly_cummins
A bit of textile engineering.

@holly_cummins
Ta-daa!

@holly_cummins
Ta-daa!
Presenting:
The WebSphere Sphere

@holly_cummins
Ta-daa!
Presenting:
The WebSphere Sphere
(“the cuddly application server”)

@holly_cummins
Remind you of anything?

@holly_cummins
Um. But it’s lumpy.

@holly_cummins
Software faults can be corrected
without re-typing the whole
program.

@holly_cummins
program.
Lucky software engineers.

@holly_cummins
program.
Lucky software engineers.
Iterative development of
physical things is hard.

@holly_cummins
It’s a computer case

@holly_cummins
Architecture
Sensors
SSID:
WebSphereembedded
application
server

@holly_cummins
Interfacing the ball to the computer
LED sequins

@holly_cummins
Soft circuits
Conductive thread !
Stainless steel!
Sewable!
£6.78

@holly_cummins
Soft-hard connections
Normal jumper lead!
Strip connector off one side!
Solder to sewable eye

@holly_cummins
The physical world

@holly_cummins
The physical world
Shorts

@holly_cummins
The physical world
Shorts
Extra-bad on a pcDuino, because
they take down whole computer

@holly_cummins
The physical world
Shorts
Loose connections

@holly_cummins
The physical world
Shorts
Loose connections
Extra bad in something sealed

@holly_cummins
Shields

@holly_cummins
Shields
Daughter-boards for Arduino

@holly_cummins
Shields
Re-arrange pins

@holly_cummins
Shields
Re-arrange pins
Provide extra function

@holly_cummins
Shields
Re-arrange pins
Provide extra function
Provide mechanical protection if a
computer is crammed inside a
ball

@holly_cummins
Let’s have a play
http://10.12.5.15:9080/sphere

@holly_cummins
But is it really IoT?

@holly_cummins
Definitely embedded.

@holly_cummins
Very very embedded.

@holly_cummins
Very very embedded.
One thing.

@holly_cummins
Very very embedded.
One thing.
Network, but not internet.

@holly_cummins
Very very embedded.
One thing.
Network, but not internet.
No machine-to-machine.

@holly_cummins
M2M
MQTT!
Lightweight messaging protocol!
OASIS standard!
Widely supported!
Widely used

@holly_cummins
Revised architecture

@holly_cummins
Revised architecture
Same
source

@holly_cummins
!
Demo-time

(again)

sphere.mybluemix.net/

www.wasdev.net

@holly_cummins
Bluemix and IoT foundation
// parse VCAP_SERVICES
String VCAP_SERVICES = System.getenv("VCAP_SERVICES");
!
JSONObject vcap = new JSONObject(VCAP_SERVICES);
JSONArray json = vcap.getJSONArray("iotf-service");
JSONObject credentials = json.getJSONObject(0).getJSONObject(
"credentials");
String host = (String) credentials.get("mqtt_host");
Integer port = (Integer) credentials.get("mqtt_u_port");
…
!
MqttClient client = new MqttClient(uri, id);
MqttConnectOptions opts = new MqttConnectOptions();
opts.setUserName(username);
opts.setPassword(password.toCharArray());
client.connect(opts);
client.setCallback(this);
client.subscribe("iot-2/type/+/id/+/evt/+/fmt/+");

@holly_cummins
www.wasdev.net
!
Any questions?

!
www.wasdev.net

@holly_cummins
Come see the Liberty car on
the IBM stand today and
tomorrow …

Watch the video with slide synchronization on
InfoQ.com!
http://www.infoq.com/presentations/arduino-
app-server

When Arduino Meets Application Server: Love at Second Sight

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