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national lawyers guild review

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                                                                                                                            ANATOMY OF A DEATH PENALTY
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                                                                                The Autobiography Of An Execution. By David R. Dow. Twelve Books,
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                                                                                2010. 273 pp.
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                                                                                Angel Of Death Row: My Life As A Death Penalty Defense Lawyer. By
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national lawyers guild review        anatomy of a death penalty defense lawyer                                  

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Reflections on legal representation and reform from three death penalty defense lawyer biographies

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  • 22. DOW, supra note DW 7KHVH WKUHH UHDVRQV DUH OLVWHG LQ -HDQ ROHPDQ %ODFNHUE 1RWH Life After Death Id DW Row: Preventing Wrongful Convictions and Restoring Innocence After Exoneration, VAND. L. REV.
  • 23. 2WKHU IDFWRUV LQFOXGH HHZLWQHVV HUURU Id DW SOHD EDUJDLQLQJ FRPPXQLW SUHVVXUH IRU D FRQYLFWLRQ DQG DGPLVVLRQ RI FKDUDFWHU HYL- Id DW GHQFH DW WULDO 5RQDOG +XII $UH 5DWWQHU (GZDUG 6DJDULQ Guilty Until Proved Innocent: Wrongful Conviction and Public Policy CRIME DELINQUENCY TEMPLE, supra QRWH DW et seq
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  • 25. SURYLGLQJ D FULWLFDO Id. DW YLHZ RI WKHVH FDVHV EXW FRQFHGLQJ QRQHWKHOHVV WKDW VRPH H[LVW
  • 26. TEMPLE, supra QRWH DW 'HIHQVH $WWRUQH %DUU 6FKHFN RI DUGR]R /DZ 6FKRRO¶V ,QQRFHQFH 3URMHFW PDGH See DOW, supra QRWH DW WKLV FRPPHQW GXULQJ KLV NHQRWH DGGUHVV DW $PHULFDQ %DU $VVRFLDWLRQ¶V 6L[WK $QQXDO 6XPPLW RQ ,QGLJHQW 'HIHQVH ,PSURYHPHQW LQ 2UODQGR )ORULGD )HE
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  • 28. $FFRUGLQJ WR 6FKHFN LPSURYLQJ WKH OHJDO DLG UHJLPH IRU FULPLQDO 8QDK The Effect of Race, Gender, and Location on Prosecutorial Decisions to GHIHQGDQWV ZRXOG EH PXFK PRUH HIILFLHQW WKDQ EHWWHU IRUHQVLF HYLGHQFH SROLFH Seek the Death Penalty in South Carolina S.C. L. REV.
  • 29. ³6RXWK RYHUVLJKW DQG RWKHU UHPHGLDO PHDVXUHV Id 7KH OHJDO VFKRODUVKLS WHQGV WR DJUHH DUROLQD PXUGHU GHIHQGDQWV UHFHLYH VVWHPDWLFDOO GLIIHUHQW WUHDWPHQW EDVHG RQ WKH ³$UELWUDU UHVXOWV ZKLFK DUH DOO WRR FRPPRQ LQ GHDWK SHQDOW FDVHV IUHTXHQWO VWHP JHRJUDSKLF ORFDWLRQ DQG WKH UDFH DQG JHQGHU RI WKH SDUWLHV LQYROYHG´
  • 30. 6WHSKDQLH IURP LQDGHTXDF RI FRXQVHO´ %ULJKW supra QRWH DW +LQGVRQ +LOODU 3RWWHU 0LFKDHO - 5DGHOHW Race, Gender, Region and Death DAVID DOW, AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EXECUTION
  • 31. ANDREA LYON, ANGEL OF Sentencing in Colorado, 1980-1999 U. COLO. L. REV.
  • 32. DEATH ROW: MY LIFE AS A DEATH PENALTY DEFENSE LAWYER
  • 33. and JOHN QRWLQJ WKDW WKH GHDWK SHQDOW LV PRVW OLNHO WR EH VRXJKW LQ FDVHV ZKHUH WKH YLFWLP LV TEMPLE, THE LAST LAWYER: THE FIGHT TO SAVE DEATH ROW INMATES
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  • 35. But see MICHAEL MELLO, DEAD WRONG: A DEATH ROW LAWYER SPEAKS OUT AGAINST CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
  • 36. 0HOOR ZDV DQ DSSHOODWH FDSLWDO GHIHQGHU LQ 0LFKDHO 0HDUV The Georgia Death Penalty: A Need for Racial Justice JOHN )ORULGD IRU RYHU D GHFDGH DQG OLNH WKH DXWKRUV VWXGLHG KHUH VSHDNV RI WKH LQMXVWLFHV MARSHALL L.J.
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  • 39. QRWLQJ WKDW SURVHFXWRUV ZHUH PRUH OLNHO WR VHHN WKH GHDWK SHQDOW ZKHQ TO FREEDOM
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  • 42. TWO DECADES ON DEATH ROW FOR A CRIME I DIDN’T COMMIT
  • 43. JARVIS JAY LYON, supra QRWH DW MASTERS, THAT BIRD HAS MY WINGS: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN INNOCENT MAN ON DEATH ROW
  • 44. MICHAEL MELLO, THE WRONG MAN: A TRUE STORY OF Id DW INNOCENCE ON DEATH ROW
  • 45. GHVFULELQJ WKH H[SHULHQFH RI )ORULGD LQPDWH -RH Id DW 6SD]LDQR
  • 46. Id DW LYON, supra QRWH DW TEMPLE, supra QRWH DW KDUOHV - 2JOHWUHH An Essay on the New Public Defender for the 21st Century L. CONTEMP. PROBS
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  • 49. LYON, supra QRWH DW FROOHDJXHV
  • 52. TEMPLE, supra QRWH DW )RU /RQ WKLV ZDV FRPSOLFDWHG E KHU ODUJH VWDWXUH See LYON, supra QRWH DW Id ZKHUH D SULVRQ JXDUG PDNHV D FRPPHQW 6KH DOVR QRWHG WKDW MXURUV GLG QRW OLNH
  • 53. national lawyers guild review anatomy of a death penalty defense lawyer ZKHQ VKH VKRXWHG RU RYHUZKHOPHG D ZLWQHVV LQ FRXUW ZLWK KHU SKVLFDO SUHVHQFH Id /LOLDQD /UD -XELOXW Death Penalty and Mental Illness: The Challenge of Reconciling DW Human Rights, Criminal Law, and Psychiatric Standards SEATTLE J. SOC. JUST. 'RQQD / +DOO Job Satisfaction Among Male and Female Public Defense Attorneys,
  • 54. GHVFULELQJ GHILFLHQFLHV LQ OHJDO VWDQGDUGV DQG QRWLQJ FRQ- JUST. SYS. J.
  • 56. Id DW 9LFWRU / 6WUHLE Gendering the Death Penalty: Countering Sex Bias in a Masculine Sanctuary OHIO ST. L.J.
  • 57. Id DW Id 2QO SHUFHQW
  • 58. RI RYHU SHUVRQV ODZIXOO H[HFXWHG VLQFH ZHUH LYON, supra QRWH DW 6KH H[SODLQV WKH H[WHQW RI WKH FOLHQW¶V LQVDQH GHOXVLRQV IHPDOH RIIHQGHUV Id DW Id DW TEMPLE, supra QRWH DW See, e.g. -HIIHUVRQ ( +ROFRPE 0DULDQ 5 :LOOLDPV 6WHSKHQ 'HPXWK White Id Female Victims and Death Penalty Disparity Research JUST. Q.
  • 59. DOW, supra QRWH DW :RPHQ VWDWLVWLFDOO FRPPLW IHZHU RIIHQVHV WKDQ PHQ EXW LW PD DOVR EH WUXH WKDW TEMPLE, supra QRWH DW ZRPHQ DUH VHOHFWHG RXW RI WKH GHDWK SHQDOW SRRO RI GHIHQGDQWV EHFDXVH RI VWUXF- DOW, supra QRWH DW tural bias at earlier stages in the process, such as in prosecutorial discretion and SOHDEDUJDLQLQJ $FFRUGLQJ WR RQH VWXG ZRPHQ DFFRXQW IRU SHUFHQW RI PXUGHU LYON, supra QRWH DW [L[ DUUHVWV SHUFHQW RI GHDWK VHQWHQFHV DQG RQO SHUFHQW RI H[HFXWLRQV +DUU Id *UHHQOHH 6KHOLD 3 *UHHQOHH Women and the Death Penalty: Racial Disparities 6KH RIWHQ GLG WKLV E SXWWLQJ WKH GHIHQGDQW¶V UHODWLYH RQ WKH VWDQG WR WHVWLI LYON, and Differences WM. MARY J. WOMEN L.
  • 60. supra QRWH DW LYON, supra QRWH DW 7KH VHPLQDO FDVHV LQFOXGH Gideon v. Wainwright 86
  • 61. IHORQ 0LFKDHO % 6KRUWQDF Sexual Minorities, Criminal Justice, and the Death Penalty, FDVHV
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  • 76. ,Q As a Denial of the Right to Counsel W.VA. L. REV
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  • 81. DOW, supra QRWH (UURU 5HIHUHQFH VRXUFH QRW IRXQG DW Id DW Id DW DOW, supra QRWH DW LYON, supra QRWH (UURU 5HIHUHQFH VRXUFH QRW IRXQG DW TEMPLE, supra QRWH DW Id DW Id Id DW Id. %HQQHWW + %UXPPHU The Banality of Excessive Defender Workload: Managing Id DW the Systemic Obstruction of Justice ST. THOMAS L. REV.
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  • 87. /HH +DUULQJWRQ A Community Divided: Defense Attorneys and the Ethics of Death 1DWDVKD 0LQVNHU Prosecutorial Misconduct in Death Penalty Cases CAL. W. L. Row Volunteering LAW SOC. INQUIRY
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  • 91. $P 6PLWK Not Waiving but Drowning: The Anatomy of Death Row Syndrome and LYON, supra QRWH DW Volunteering for Execution B.U. PUB. INT. L.J.
  • 92. Id LYON, supra QRWH DW TEMPLE, supra QRWH DW 7KH SURVHFXWRU LGHQWLILHG LQ WKH ERRN DV RQH 'HZH -HII %URZQ Disqualification of the Public Defender: Toward a New Protocol for +XGVRQ FRQIHVVHG WKDW KH EHOLHYHG WKH RULJLQDO GHIHQVH FRXQVHO¶V IDLOXUH WR FURVV Resolving Conflicts of Interest U.S.F. L. REV.
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  • 96. BOOK REVIEW: PHILADELPHIA TEMPLE, supra QRWH (UURU 5HIHUHQFH VRXUFH QRW IRXQG DW FREEDOM: MEMOIRS OF Id A CIVIL RIGHTS LAWYER DOW, supra QRWH DW By David Kairys, University of Michigan Press, 2008. 442 pp. 5DFKHO 6WHLQEDFN RPPHQW The Fight for Post-Conviction DNA Testing is Not Yet Over: An Analysis of the Eight Remaining ‘Holdout States’ and Suggestions for Strategies to Bring Vital Relief to the Wrongfully Convicted J. CRIM. L. Philadelphia Freedom UHDGV DV D FRPELQDWLRQ RI DXWRELRJUDSK DQG OHJDO CRIMINOLOGY
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