1. Manthan Topic: Future Cities
Hidayatullah National Law University
Raipur
Akshay Shandilya Shaleen Tiwari Subhro Bhattacharya
Piyush Singh Mahip Singh Sikarwar
Green Cities:
Making Sense of a Better Future

2. Current performances of Indian cities are poor in ensuring basic
civic amenities
2
Housing
Transport
Air
Quality
Water
Supply
Waste
Management
Air pollution levels in Indian megacities between
02’-10’ were the highest among 189 major cities
in the world
63,000 Tonnes of plastic
waste per day are neither
collected nor recycled and
find their way into drains,
coasts rivers and railway
tracks
India faced a loss of US$
10.8 billion due to traffic
congestion and slow speed
of freight goods in 11’-12’
By 2025, nearly half a
billion Indians will need
new, urban homes as city
capacity will grow nearly
400% in less than 50 years
By 2050, India will be the
highest water demanding
country in the world
requiring 2413 billion
litres/day Classification for the purposes of policy
Population (In million)
Tier I cities (>10 mn)
Tier II cities (4-10 mn)
Tier III Cities (1-4 mn)

3. 3
Unbalanced
Emphasis on
Construction
Antediluvian
Planning Norms
Neglect for
Common Spaces
Want of PPP
based projects
Lack of Focus on
Service
Standards
An Unsound
Housing Sector
Eg. In the scenario of a modern day Delhi this would imply, for
instance, that a Government housing colony like RK Puram
could be replaced by efficient eco friendly modern tower
blocks, financed by the private sector, with the availability and
quality of Government housing improving dramatically
Imagine a situation where large tracts of low density, poor
quality Government housing were selectively replaced by high
quality housing with a plot FSI/FAR of 5 or 7, at no cost to the
Government
An “equitable” Land Acquisition Act will result in the creation
of fresh housing stock, without it being largely a private sector
activity with minimal contribution to affordable housing
A more equitable and just land acquisition law to make
declaration and enforcement of change in land use mandatory
prior to a State mandated acquisition process
Urban Housing
Obsolete
Approach
Future
Approach

4. 4
Implications
• State leverages its stock of land to augment the housing stock. Creates quality
housing for Government employees; balance for private developers focused on
affordable housing. Economic upside would lower house prices, boost economic
activity with a surge in housing activity.
•Singapore HDB (Housing Development Board) encompasses housing for all
categories in the same complex, thereby, precluding the creation of ghettos, slums
New Urbanism:
Eco-Friendly
Housing
Illustrations
• Creating extra margins via improved productivity by overcoming management
and logistical bottlenecks, we can encourage sustainable sourcing, effective use of
materials and recyclability throughout the production chain, ensuring that
developers use the materials they bring to building sites and that no streams of
waste are transferred to landfills
• Some organizations that are engaging in this area include BRAC (increasing access
to a range of water, sanitation, and hygiene services); d.light (widening electricity
access); Sunlabob (renewable energy and clean water solutions).
• SELCO (internal and external solar heating); Sulabh International (toilets linked
with a biogas plants and effluent treatment systems), and Promigas (natural gas
service connections)
Proposals: Augmenting Feasible Housing Adopting environmental sustainability
(in a sector where such practice
currently stands virtually at 0)

5. 5
Urban Traffic Management
•Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority
(UMTA) be set up in Tier I & II cities
•Traffic Management and Engineering Cell
(TRAMEC), all manned by trained Urban
Transport professionals, be set up in Tier
III cities
Managing Traffic Congestion
•Parking policies to indirectly manage
access to road network & directly
influencing road travel in city limits
•Road pricing policies targeting use of/or
access to roads/urban areas
Affordably Accessible Public Transport
•Rate structure to suit travel demands of
low income households
•High capacity metro system cities to also
have feeder buses with priority on-street
facilities
Viable Roadways
•High speed road network to connect
financial sectors of South – Bengaluru,
Hyderabad and Chennai
•Lanes for non-motorized transport and
walking in Tier I & II cities
Future cities to inculcate efficient traffic management

6. Metro rail systems in
Tier I & II cities
To have carrying
capacity of 40,000 –
60,000 persons per hour
per direction (pphpd)
Will reduce time of travel,
personal transport use, traffic
congestion, pollution and road
traffic crashes
6Hybrid Transport
NUTP
Old Tires
Recycle
Execution of National
Urban Transport Policy
with planned budget of
Rupees 10 billion for
making future cities
sustainable
Investment in hybrid
transport
CNG-Electric hybrid buses
to improve cities' public
green quotient
Environmental laws
be amended to ban
burying and burning
of old tires
Available capacity for
procured tires
retreading is approx.
9.3 million tires per
year
Asphalt that uses
recycled tires makes
roads easier to brake
on, is environment
friendly and cost
effective
Recycling these tires
to construct/repair
roads will reduce
carbon footprint
hugely
Implementing sustainable transport system

7. 7
1. India's air monitoring
regime is primitive
2. Cannot deal with toxic
gases
3. Notification of health-
based and legally
enforceable standards
for toxic gases in
ambient air to be fast-
tracked
1. EURO V for diesel &
petrol vehicles in Tier I
& II cities
2. EURO IV in Tier III
cities
3. Diesel cars be phased
out from city limits in
the next 10 years
1. Fuel efficiency of
vehicles to carry BFE
(Bureau of Fuel
Efficiency) rating
system similar to BEE
rating system
2. Financial incentives for
hybrid-electric vehicles
Air Quality Regime Fuel Efficiency Banning Old Vehicles
1. Old Commercial
vehicles be banned in
city limits
2. Scrappage program
from buses and trucks
that don’t have any
emissions controls on
them
Vehicular Emissions
Ambient air quality will enhance productivity and livability
be substituted with
Govt. owned/public transport vehicles be made mandatory to use clean fuels such as CNG

8. • GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) be made
mandatory under the National Building Code
• Scheme on construction of pollution free “Energy Efficient Green
Buildings” through financial & promotional incentives
Green Buildings
• Incentivise states for environmental performance through budgetary
allocations
• List of categories for EPI be amended to include “carbon monoxide” and
“carbon dioxide” as variables
Environment Performance
Index
(EPI)
• Upward revision in the quantum of penalties
• Enabling provision for civil administrative adjudication to fast-track levy
of penalty
Quantum of Penalties
(Environment Protection Act ‘86)
Revenue to be invested in sustainable
development practices and pollution
control measures
Pollution will be costly in future cities Outdoor air pollution has become
the fifth largest killer in India
8

9. 9
Mandatory Rain Water
Harvesting
Leakage in Distribution
Better Treatment Facilities
and Sanitation
• Bylaws to make rainwater harvesting
mandatory in residential buildings,
offices and commercial complexes
• Prevent run-off of rain water and
ensure maximum rain water collection
• 40% - 50% of portable water is lost
during transmission
• Check the same by repairing the
existing transmission systems,
reducing the procurement of water
from far off sources and using local
sources
• Integrated waste water management
to ensure maximum utilization of
waste water and its reallocation for
landscaping
• Residential/office buildings to have
their individual self-sustaining waste
treatment plants
Water resources will be utilized judiciously in future cities

10. Packaging Waste
• Packaged waste
management
system with
participation of all
stakeholders
• Quantification &
characterization of
non-plastic
packaging waste
reaching landfill be
carried out
• Their recycling
potential be
assessed with most
recent tech
E-Waste
• Port Auth./Customs
capability in terms
of scanning of goods
at high seas be ↑
• Extended Producer
Responsibility (EPR)
– strategy that
makes producer
responsible for
entire life cycle of
product
• Govt. to ensure
distribution of
refurbished
computers to
students
Construction and
Demolition (C&D)
Waste
• Technical and
institutional support
for good data
analysis and for
evolving means for
use of C&D waste
• Amendment be
made in the MSWM
Rules, 2000 to
include C&D waste
Bio-Medical
Waste
• All Health Care
Facilities (HCFs) be
brought under the
ambit of BMWM
Rules
• All HCFs in
operation be
registered with the
State/UT Deptt. of
Health/ Ministry of
Health and Family
Welfare
Domestic Waste
Treatment
• Urban residential
buildings to have
three waste chutes
to allow for
separation into
three main waste
categories
• A Waste
Management
Centre (WMC) to
sort recyclables
before being
transported to
reprocessing units
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Future cities will be self sustaining in waste management

11. Municipal Solid
Waste
Management
• Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 be amended to incorporate waste
reducing, reusing and recycling methods
• National and State level Data Banks to disseminate information on characteristics of waste
generated, potential for segregation, reuse, recycling and management of MSW
Plastic Waste
Management
• Plastic bags be banned strictly in all Tier I & II cities and gradually phased out from Tier III cities
• Capacity building for segregation of plastic waste at collection sites and safe handling by rag pickers
in Tier III cities
• Demonstration units be set up based on the technologies of converting plastic waste into value
added products
• Channelizing the waste collection through waste collectors’ associations who practice safe and
environmentally sound options
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Disposal will be the least preferred option
Minimise waste
disposal to
landfill
Encouraging
Reuse,
Recycling,
Composting and
Recovery of
energy
Maximising the
resource
potential of
waste materials

12. 12
References
• KPMG, Infrastrcuture 100: World Cities Edition
• Volume 2 Transport infrastructure — Engine or hand brake for global supply chains? Transportation and
Logistics 2030
• Water and Energy Framework and Footprints for Sustainable Communities
• Transitioning to Water Sensitive Cities: Historical, Current and Future Transition States
Rebekah Brown, Nina Keath and Tony Wong, National Urban Water Governance Program, School of
Geography & Environmental Science, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
• Urban Water and Energy Use From Current US Use to Cities of the Future-Vladimir Novotny, Northeastern
University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Centre for Policy Research, Unacknowledged Urbanization: The New Census Towns of India.
• Solutions for Cities: An analysis of the feasibility studies from the Future Cities Demonstrator Programme
• Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017): Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth
• International Council on Clean Transportation, The Potential of Lower Vehicular Emissions in Indian Cities