1. WELCOME TO VISION
2014!!!
SAMRAT HALDER
2nd Year, IIT KHARAGPUR
KOUSHIK MONDAL
2nd Year, NIT DURGAPUR
ANIRBAN CHATTERJEE
1st Year, BARASAT
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE
SOURAV SARKAR
3rd Year, IISER KOLKATA
SIDDHARTHA SARKAR
4th Year, IIT KHARAGPUR

2. *

3. MAJOR
PROBLEMS
FACED BY INDIA
A shortage of skilled and
competent people in India.
Problems for the public sector
:None of the public sectors
finance companies have done
a serious job of revamping
their pay scales. They face
two alternatives: a sharp
increase in wages of high-skill
labors, or bankruptcy.
Problems of governance : In
government itself, low wages
at senior levels are a serious
problem. An economic advisor
at the Finance Ministry earns
less than Rs.20,000 a month.
It is possible to have
individuals take up these
roles if they are
independently wealthy;
altruistic; power-hungry;
corrupt or incompetent. This
is not a happy state of affairs
etc.
SO NOW WE HAVE TO
DECIDE………………

4. Brain Drain:
Issues
India’s problem starts with the already
small pool of students who choose to
do a Ph.D. Between 1991 and 2001,
the number of doctorates awarded
increased by only 20% compared to an
85% jump in China.
Today, no more than 1% of students
with undergraduate degrees opt for
doctoral studies and the substantial
number who do prefer to go abroad.
India produces only up to 125 Ph.D.'s
in computer engineering a year,
despite nearly 1.7 million engineering
students graduating each year.
Again only 5% of Indians who go to the
US to earn a doctorate degree return home,
as was revealed in a study on the mobility
patterns of PhD graduates in science,
engineering science and health.
India also has the largest diaspora, with
40% of its home-born researchers working
overseas and 75% of its scientists going to
the US. A major reason behind the brain
drain is the divide between universities
and specialized research institutions, with
most universities not engaged in cutting-
edge research and is unable to attract the
best minds. India’s quest to become a
leading knowledge economy will largely
depend on its ability to promote research
and innovation.
.

5. BRAIN GAIN
PUSH FACTORS
 Under employment.
 Economic under development.
 Low wage/salary.
 Over production and under
utilization.
 Lack of research and other
facilities.
 Lack of freedom.
 Discrimination in appointment
and promotion.
 Poor working facilities.
 Lack of scientific tradition and
culture.
 Unsuitable institution.
 Desire for a better urban life.
 Desire for higher qualification
and recognition.
 Better career expectation.
 Lack of satisfactory working
conditions.
PULL FACTORS
 Better economic prospects.
 Higher salary and income.
 Better level of living and way of
life.
 Better research facilities.
 Prestige of foreign training.
 Intellectual freedom.
 Better working condition and
better employment opportunities.
 Presence of a rich, scientific and
cultural tradition.
 Attraction of urban center.
 Availability of
experience/supporting staff.
 Frequent chances of a lucky
break in life.
 Allocation of substantial funds
for research.
 Modern educational system and
better opportunity for higher
qualifications.

6. SOME STEPS ALREADY
TAKEN
As the nation’s elite institutions try to morph from world-class teaching institutions to
world-class research centers, they have put in place flexible recruitment policies,
generous research grants, and industry-academe collaborations to attract their
researchers back from foreign institutions.
At IIIT Delhi, two-thirds of academics have a Ph.D. or postdoc from a foreign university.
IIT Bombay has hired more than 100 young Indian assistant professors in the past three
years, all with international experience.
 When Vinay Joseph Ribeiro, an assistant professor at IIT Delhi, returned to India it was
for personal reasons: “While doing my Ph.D. at Rice University in Houston, I worked
with a Catholic community that wanted some work done in Delhi. I wanted to pitch in,
and thus applied at IIT Delhi,” Ribeiro said.”MAKING THE P.HD ATTRACTIVE”
At IIIT Delhi, a joint Ph.D. with Queensland University of Technology has met the needs
of several Ph.D. students.
 International collaborations attract students and academics alike. IIT Bombay has a
major joint Ph.D. program with Monash University in Australia and more than 100
students are enrolled.
The Indian government launched a prime minister’s fellowship scheme for doctoral
research with industry partnership last year for science, technology, engineering,
agriculture, and medicine. Under the scheme, 100 fellowships will be given to selected
candidates working on research projects jointly with industry.

7. WHAT CAN BE DONE
• We cannot stop the brain drain of professionals to countries of their choice. What has
to be done is to find out which of our professionals are in high demand by which
countries so that we can develop strategies to satisfy these demands at a profit to
India.
• If India supplies countries in which professionals such as Doctors and nurses were in
high demand for a fee, the income can be used to improve the training facilities, pay
the lecturers and those professionals who remain in the country better salaries as well
as generate some foreign exchange for India. With the establishment of more training
facilities for the implementation of proposals, more students would have facilities to
enter higher institutions of learning, while most professionals would also have the
opportunity to gain financially.
• The country’s universities must be provided with well-trained lecturing staff who are
reasonably remunerated so as to ensure that they resist the pull factors of the
Diaspora. This will provide India with a stable expertise base. Their teaching, research
and development activities must be appropriately funded so as to enable them to
effectively impart knowledge and skills to their trainees Universities need to ‘think
outside the box’ and consider private-public partnerships in their quest to unlock
funding. Knowledge is an unexcelled weapon for development as it enables mankind to
exploit planet earth’s resources in a more sophisticated and sustainable way. This
strategy will enable the country to produce a competent workforce. Furthermore, the
provision of competitive remuneration packages, properly maintained research
facilities and adequate research funding levels will enable the country to attract back
the skills it has lost to the Diaspora.
CONT.

8. WHAT MORE CAN BE
DONE
• Another possible solution to the problem is to make migration more difficult. In other
words, there need to be policies put in place that would make permanent migration a
less attractive alternative. For example, one policy could be that any student coming
to an industrialized or developed country on a student visa, must return to their home
country for a specified period of time before they are able to apply for a more
permanent status. This would reduce the employment opportunities available to the
student in the receiving country as well as present students with an opportunity to
explore career options in their home country while they become re-assimilated into
their home culture.
• Government also need to find more successful ways of making it easier for emigrants
to return home if they are unsuccessful in the developed country. Kapur and McHale
(2005) suggest that governments in the receiving countries should make social security
entitlements portable and help sponsor the return of people whose home countries are
in need of their skills. They also suggest that governments in the developed countries
should tax the immigrants and put a portion of the revenue from this tax in a special
account that will be accessible to the immigrant on his or her return home.
Governments can also encourage some form of distant learning programs and forums
where Highly Skilled Migrants can share information with students in source countries.
• For a long prospective and effective step to brain gain in India is to control the
population. Population burst in India has caused the less employment. Even among
bright students, competition for employment has increased. As result they try to find
the alternative secure way to go abroad. If we can take the step to control the
population, employment will be increased as well as the financial infrastructure can be
stronger. In this way overall research and innovation quality can be modified which will
surely a solution for the brain gain.

9. DIFFICULTIES
In the developed countries there are some professors who will not willingly chair a
thesis or dissertation committee of a student who cannot participate in the research of
the professor. If restrictions are placed on the types of topics students can study, then
there is also the possibility of eliminating some profound research or discovery that
these students could be contributing to the world.
Enforcement of these policies will result in not only having students deal with
restrictions in the areas of study that they can engage in, they will also be under
tremendous pressure to decide and determine the length of their studies from the
moment they begin.
Furthermore, dedicating the time and resources to ensure that the student returns to
his or her home country and uses his or her acquired education there will be quite
difficult to achieve. Students can be ordered to go home after graduation, but this is
difficult to enforce. In fact, such policies could push students into a situation of
unemployment and hopelessness in their home countries. One must consider the push
factors and conditions that encouraged them to leave in the first place. Also, these
policies will not be successful unless all governments in both receiving and source
countries agree to implement this policy.

10. ACTIONS NEEDED TO
IMPLEMENT ALL THESE
 Govt. should work sensibly as nothing can be done in one day. But the beginning of of
the work flow should be done right now only to to give the Indian economy a better
future.
 The govt. should regularly keep track of the money invested for research purpose.
They should take the issue very seriously from the very root level and make sure that
the right person is posted for the right work and also he is doing his part properly.
 All they should maintain good relationships with the developed countries so that they
don’t stop outsourcing to India as that may lead us to a disastrous future.
 All govt need to do is turn the brain drain in brain gain ,i.e reduce the outgoing of our
wealth form our motherland and also at the same time make a better India so that
people from developed countries start thinking of pursuing their career here at India.
 Last but not the least we should make sure that the entire system gets corruption free
as.
 Brain Drain Is Not Always Negative .While it is easy to identify the ways in which brain
drain can hurt economic development, the reasons that it may not be so bad, or may
in fact be positive, are not so obvious. Yet, acknowledging and accounting for the
positive spin-offs from highly skilled emigration is an important first step in getting to
the bottom of the dilemmas brain drain poses.

11. IMPACT
India will be turned to a developed country from a developing country, the tag which
we could remove from us even after the 65 years of our independence.
Indian economy and our average lifestyle will boost up.
Indian brain will be involved for the cause of their own motherland not for some
foreign lands for only a few dollars.
India will be a self dependent country from all the aspects.
Academicians based abroad will come back and who are already here in India will
make a better impact. Also possibility is that foreign academicians will be engaged
with India.
India can be a major participant in the mega research projects (e.g. CERN, space
missions , Exawatt Centre for Extreme Light Studies (ECELS), Russia and many more in
near future).
At the theoretical level, economist Oded Stark and others have argued that brain drain
may lead to positive results. Even in the poorest of countries (Cuba may well be a good
example), the prospect of being able to emigrate may increase incentives to acquire
education and skills and induce additional investment in education. When this
domestic "brain gain" is greater than the "brain drain," the net impact on welfare and
growth may well be positive.

12.  World Bank. World Development Report, 2000/01. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000.
 United Nations Population Division. Populations Database. New York: UN 2002.
 Mejia A. Migration of physicians and nurses: a world wide picture. Bull World Health
Organ 2004;82: 626–30. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
 Levy L F. The first world’s role in the third world brain drain. BMJ 2003;327: 170.
 Bach S. International Migration of Health Workers: Labour and Social Issues.
Geneva:International Labour Office, 2003
[www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/health/wp209.pdf]. Accessed 2
August 2005.
 Narasimhan V, Brown H, Pablos-Mendez A, et al. Responding to the global human
resources crisis. Lancet 2004;363: 1469–72. [PubMed]
 Martin RD, Terouanne D, Neher E. Higher Education In France and The International
Migration of Scientists. Washington, DC: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
1998.
 Adams RH. Policy research working paper 3069. International Migration, Remittances,
and the Brain Drain. A Study of 24 Labor-Exporting Countries. The World Bank Report
on Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network Poverty Reduction Group.
Washington, DC: World Bank Organization, 2003.
 Sengupta S. Money from kin abroad helps Bengalis get by. New York Times 24 June
2002; Section A:3
[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30D13FA355B0C778EDDAF0894DA40
4482]
 LaPorte RE. Internet server with targeted access would cure information deficiency in
developing countries. The Global Health Network. BMJ 1997;314: 980. [PMC free
article] [PubMed]