1. Citizens for Accountable Governance
Manthan Topic
CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR ENHANCING
QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION
Team Details
Institute: Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode
Team: 5CoEd
1. Gomathy Aiyer gomathya17@iimk.ac.in
2. Lekshmi Vaidyeswar vlekshmi17@iimk.ac.in
3. Lijo John lijoj06fpm@iimk.ac.in
4. Paul Jinto Jose pauljj16@iimk.ac.in
5. Sreevas Sahasranamam sreevass06fpm@iimk.ac.in
Stepping Stones: Enhancing the quality of primary education
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2. Citizens for Accountable Governance
Source: CLSA Asia Pacific Markets, Indian Department of Education, Media reports, NGO studies
• Proximity issues
• Teacher absenteeism and shortage
• Children: trade-off between cost of
education vs added labour to
support family
• Infrastructure constraints
India: Primary education context
• In 2012 only 30% of Grade 3 children could read a Grade 1 text book
• Only 50% of Grade 3 kids could recognize digits up to 100 when they
should already be learning two digit subtraction
• 99% of teacher aspirants failed in Teacher Eligibility Test(TET)
• Only 1 in 4 teachers are present at any given time in government school
Barriers
2

3. Citizens for Accountable Governance
Para skilling
Higher
shifts/day
Low cost
operation
Gyanshala: McDonaldization of education
Customised organisational structure
Low cost of operations – 30% of private school costs
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Same or better quality of education
80 79
59
13
46
14
65
17
0%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
91
51
87
34
44
30
77
94
MathematicsLanguage
Gyan Shala Private School
3

4. Citizens for Accountable Governance
• Objective & Function: Improvement of primary education with local community support /Adoption of School
• Client : State Departments of Elementary Education/Local Bodies running Elementary Schools
• Service Providers: Corporate Sector/VOs/Banks/Elected Representatives/Retired Teachers/Public Sector/
Universities & Colleges/Any person from civil society
• Monitoring: is done by the Department of Elementary Education/Local Bodies, although no financial implication is
there
• Objective & Function: Provision of cooked meals facilitating
education through Nutrition
• Client: Local School
• Service Providers: VOs (Nandi Foundation, Hyderabad;
ISCON, Bangalore)
• Monitoring: is done by the State Governments/Department
of Elementary Education
• Objective & Function: i) Interesting and joyful learning through contents with Multimedia effect
ii) Creation of e-libraries and making information accessible to children studying in remote/rural areas
• Client: Local school/State Government
• Service Providers: Private and Public Computer Firms.
• Monitoring: is done by the Department of Elementary Education/Local Bodies, although without financial implication
PPP in education
Services delivered by the private sector (non profit/for-profit organizations),
responsibility for providing the service rests with the government
Existing
successful PPP
systems in
India
Programme of Mobilizing Local Support to Primary School (PLUS)
Remarks/Benefits
Computer Aided Learning at Elementary Level under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Remarks/Benefits Rs.15 lakh per district per year could be provided for this purpose based on the
District Elementary Education Plans of the States.
PPP in Mid-Day Meal Scheme
Very limited coverage, at presentRemarks/Benefits
• Mobilization of financial and human resources from the local community/civil society
• States have been requested to have at least 1% of the country’s Government/Semi-
Government primary schools covered under PLUS every year, reaching up to 10 % of
total primary schools by 2010.
4

5. Citizens for Accountable Governance
• Transform and stimulate the
thinking of economically
disadvantaged children
• 75 Mobile Science Vans which take
science education to the village doorstep
• e-learning project for SSA Assam in 500 schools on BOOT
(Build, Own, Operate, Transfer) basis.
• Provides for an integrated package of hardware, customized
software and training of teachers.
• E-learning material has been developed in three different
local languages of Assam to meet the requirement of
different mediums of instructions in the State.
Other good models that form the basis of our conceptual model
• Homogeneity in syllabus – no difference
between state boards and central
• No ranking of student performance
• Aspects like public hygiene, dress codes,
etiquette etc. are also considered as part of
grade
• Success is measured as a sum of academics,
behaviour and extracurricular activities on a
scale of 0-10
• Cash transfer straight to bank account
of the targeted people
• Only if students have minimum attendance, family is entitled for the benefits
-- Social assistance centres track the benefits
movement and checks whether
the benefits are utilized in the right manner
-- Local teachers themselves act as agents to
identify poor students in the locality and
encourage them to attend school
5
Edukomp Agastya foundation
Netherlands primary education system
Enforcement – Bolsa familia scheme
(Direct Cash Transfer system of Brazil)

6. Citizens for Accountable Governance
Analysis from Secondary Research
 Considering an average 75% utilization rate among the top 23
listed computer-software companies in terms of net income, the
employees on bench totals to about 2.22 lakhs in India
 Similarly with 75% utilization rate for top 33 medium to small
listed computer-software companies in terms of net income, the
employees on bench totals to about 31,500 in India
 If 25% of 2.53 lakh employees on bench are utilized for CSR
activity with basic training, we have about 63,500 strong
workforce spread across India to overcome the shortage of
teacher scarcity
 The employees can be deployed for about 45-60 days which is
the typical churn duration in top IT firms in India
 Top 4 listed computer training companies have about Rs.8.57
crores in their CSR fund based on the Mar ‘13 financial result of
these companies and based on the new CSR rule (2% of net
income) of Indian companies act
 50% of the this CSR fund totaling about Rs.4.2 crores can be
utilized for e-learning and multimedia support and also
collaborate to train the software company employees
Using the bench employees of IT industry for primary education
Top 55 listed Computer software companies in Indian employ in
excess of about 10 lakhs employees
Top 10 Computer-Software companies in India
Top 4 Computer-Training companies in India
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7. Citizens for Accountable Governance
 Hardware support can be gained by collaborating with Top 4
computer hardware companies in India with a total of about
Rs.8.52 crores in CSR fund between them (Mar ‘13)
 Top 23 listed computer-software companies have about Rs.667
crores in their CSR fund(Mar ‘13 financial result), with top 6
companies contributing about 90% of the fund based on their
net income
 25% of this CSR fund totaling about Rs.167 crores can be shown
towards CSR activity of salaries, infrastructure and support
activities of realizing the successful deployment of bench
employees on field towards the teaching activity
 Similarly for the top 33 medium to small listed computer-
software companies have about Rs.28.5 crores in their CSR
fund(Mar ‘13 financial result)
 25% of this CSR fund totaling about Rs.7 crores can be shown
towards CSR activity of salaries and other support of bench
employees deployed for teaching
 So among the Top 55 listed Computer software companies a
total of about Rs.167+Rs.7 = Rs. 174 crores can be generated for
funding the education model proposed by our team
2% of Net Income (in Rs. Cr.)
Top 6 Computer-Software companies in India
Top 6 Computer-Software companies
in India
7
Top 4 Computer-Hardware companies in
India

8. Citizens for Accountable Governance
Rating system and use of educational vouchers
• Teacher to student ratio
• Basic reading skills of students
• Basic computational skills of students
• Student-classroom ratio
• Rating teachers’ performance
• Drinking water facility and good
infrastructure
• Drop-out rates
Rating to be done by a private assessment and
accreditation body (similar to rating done in
higher education by Quacquarelli Symonds or
Times Higher Education)
5 point scale of rating depending on the value of
voucher (say Rs. 100) reimbursed amount will vary
• Outstanding (5) rating – Rs. 300
• Above average (4) – Rs. 200
• Average (3) – Rs. 100
• Below average (2) – Rs. 75
• Poor (1) – Rs. 50
• People below poverty line will be provided
with vouchers that they can use for getting
enrolled for primary schools
• Depending on the rating of the school
provided by the private assessment and
accreditation body, the schools will get
reimbursed from the government
• Totally dematerialised system
of money transfer which plugs
corruption
8
Parameters for rating of school
5 point scale of rating

9. Citizens for Accountable Governance
Enhancing quality of primary
education
Pedagogy
– Agastya
foundation
Finance
and deliver
– CSR+PPP
Operation
–
Gyanshala
model
Bolsa Familia model from Brazil
CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR ENHANCING QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION
• Use of bench employees
of IT companies, salary
through CSR fund
• Use of e-learning and
multimedia support
set on the model of
Netherlands primary education
system
• Existing infrastructure space of
government schools and other
government space to be used
• Easy scalable model with little
additional budgetary pressure
on government
• Policy change needed at the
government level to enforce and
bring homogeneity in curriculum
• Policy change needed to consider
salary of bench employees, who are
deployed for teaching be
considered as utilization of CSR fund
9
Enforcement
Challenges
Syllabus
To overcome teacher
scarcity

10. Citizens for Accountable Governance
References
• http://thesparkgroup.wordpress.com/2007/03/10/gyan-shala-%E2%80%93-the-mcdonalds-of-education-in-india/
• http://www.centralsquarefoundation.org/pdf/1_NISA_Conf_Scaling%20Innvovation_Gyanshala.pdf
• Monitor group (2009), Introduction to Gyanshala
• Karamchandani, A., Kubzansky, M. and Fradano P. (2009), Emerging markets, Emerging models, Monitor Group
• GoI, Planning Commission, 2004, Report of the PPP Sub-Group on Social Sector Public Private Partnership
• William Bissell (2009), Making India work, Penguin books limited
• Narayana Murthy (2009), A better India: A better world, Penguin books limited
• National knowledge commission report
• Elementary education in India: Progress towards Universal elementary education
• http://www.moneycontrol.com/stocks/top-companies-in-india/net-profit-bse/computers-software.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_IT_companies
• http://www.livemint.com/Companies/tOGwGAPjhQs1QautjL4GEI/New-company-law-to-change-CSR-landscape.html
• http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-company-law-and-csr-113080900462_1.html
• http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-10/software-services/32617328_1_bench-employees-hr-consultancy-ad-astra
• http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-07-20/news/32764704_1_bench-internal-projects-utilisation-rate
• http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/03/25/india-it-sector-infosys-tcs-tech-staffin-idINDEE92O00720130325
Appendix-1
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11. Citizens for Accountable Governance
Appendix-2
11
Top 23 listed computer software companies in India

12. Citizens for Accountable Governance
Appendix-2
12
Top 33 listed Medium and Small size computer software companies in India

13. Citizens for Accountable Governance
Appendix-2
13
Top 4 listed computer software training companies in India
Top 4 listed computer hardware companies in India