Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL or PNL) is a minimally invasive endoscopic treatment for removing large kidney stones called staghorn stones or large or multiple stones impacted at the upper ureter.

2. The kidneys are a pair of vital
organs that perform many
functions to keep the blood
clean and chemically balanced.

4. A kidney stone is a small stone, usually
made up of calcium crystals, that forms
inside the part of the kidney where
urine collects. The stone usually causes
little problem until it falls into the
ureter, the tube that drains the kidney
into the bladder, and causes an
obstruction, preventing urine from
draining out of the kidney and often
causing severe pain.

5. Urolith: A stone anywhere within
the urinary tract
Nephrolith: A stone within the
kidney
Ureterolith: A stone within the
ureter
Calculus: A stone within the body

6. Changes in the acid-base balance (pH)
of the urine, how concentrated it is, and
the concentration of minerals and
chemicals within the urine are all
factors that can begin the formation of
a stone.

7. In Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
or nephrolithotripsy, the surgeon
makes a small incision in your back
to remove kidney stones.

8. India offers very low Cost Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Surgery compared to
Western countries Like UK, USA

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(Only for international patients seeking treatment in India)